INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN Volume-8,Issue-5,(Nov-17) TECHNOLOGY ISSN (O) :- 2349-3585 THE EFFECT OF ALAKALIZATION ON MECHANICAL PRPERTIES OF KENAF BAST FIBERS __________________________________________________________________________________________ J v g shivaKrishna1,D.Venkata Rao2,A. Lakshumu Naidu3 1Scholar,2,3Assistant Professor, GMR IT, Mechanical Engineering, Rajam, India. Abstract :The instant in using natural fibers in composites Plant Fiber: Abaca, Bagasse, Bamboo, Coir, Cotton, Fique, has increased in recent years due to their non-abrasive, Flax (Linen), Hemp, Jute, Kapok, Kenaf, Piña, Pine, Raffia, combustible, non-toxic, low cost, and light weight and Ramie, Sisal, Wood. biodegradable properties. In this session discussion about Animal Fiber: Alpaca, Angora, Byssus, Camel hair, the manufacturing methods by variable possible and deserve Cashmere, Catgut, Chiengora, Guanaco, Human hair, Llama, methods that permits the conversion of kenafbastfiber to rein Mohair, Pashmina, Qiviut, Rabbit, Silk, Sinew, Spider silk, form epoxy composites into wide variety of industrial Wool, Vicuña, Yak. applications products. The kenaffibers were used in the as- received condition and alkalized with a 0.06 M NaOH solution. They were combined with polyester resin and hot- pressed to form natural fiber composites. A general trend was observed where by alkalized and long fiber composites gave higher flexural modulus and flexural strength compared with composites made from as-received fibers. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the treated hemp and kenaf fibres showed the absence of surface impurities which were present on the untreated fibres. Apparent density measurements on kenaf fibres did not show significant change after alkalization with 0.06 M NaOH. Introduction Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinusbast fibres are biodegradable and Environmentally friendly crops. The most rapidly expanding application for kenaf fibres at present is as reinforcement in composites. The matrix materials popularly used in natural fiber composites range from thermoplastics such as polypropylene and polyethylene, to thermosets such as Composite Materials:- polyester Fibers or fibers are a class of hair-like materials that A Composite material (additionally called a synthesis material are continuous "filaments” or are in discrete elongated pieces, or abbreviated to composite, which is the normal name) is a similar to pieces of thread that are produced by plants and material produced using at least two constituent materials with animals. They can be used as a component of composite essentially unique physical or compound properties that, when materials. They can also be matted into sheets to make joined, deliver a material with qualities not quite the same as products such as paper or felt. Natural Fibers include the the individual parts. The individual parts stay isolated and following: particular inside the completed structure. 88 All rights reserved by www.ijrdt.org Paper Title:-THE EFFECT OF ALAKALIZATION ON MECHANICAL PRPERTIES OF KENAF BAST FIBERS FiberReinforced Composites: -A fiber-fortified composite (FRC) is a composite building material that comprises of three segments: (i) the filaments as the intermittent or scattered stage, (ii) the grid as the consistent stage, and (iii) the fine interphase locale, otherwise called the interface. This is a sort of cutting edge composite gathering, which influences utilization of rice husk, to rice frame, and plastic as fixings. Particulate Composite: - Concrete is most ordinarily utilized particulate composite. It comprises of bond as restricting medium and finely scattered particulates of rock notwithstanding fine total (sand) and water. It is otherwise called Portland bond concrete. their lightweight, high firmness and their high quality Structural Composites: -Organized composite is an Based on the type of matrix in the composites uncommon class of composite materials that is created by Ceramic matrix composite: ceramic matrix composites appending two thin yet hardened skins to a lightweight yet (CMCs) are a subgroup of composite materials and a subgroup thick center. The center material is regularly low quality of earthenware production. They comprise of clay filaments material. however its higher thickness furnishes the composite installed in an artistic grid, along these lines shaping an with high bowing solidness with general low thickness earthenware fiber fortified fired (CFRC) material. The grid 2. Experimental methods:- and filaments can comprise of any artistic material, where by 2.1. Materials carbon and carbon strands can likewise be viewed as a clay Kenaf raw filaments utilized as a part of this work is provided material. by MARDI (Malaysian Agricultural Research and Polymer matrix Composites: A polymer matrix composite Development Foundation) and came in twisted long strands. (PMC) is a composite material made out of an assortment of The polymers utilized were high-thickness polyethylene (PE) short or consistent strands bound together by a natural and polypropylene (PP) and were provided by Thai polymer framework. PMCs are intended to exchange stacks Polyethylene Co. Constrained (2). Furthermore, the coupling between filaments through the network. A portion of the operators utilized as a part of these tests were maleated favorable circumstances with PMCs incorporate along the polyethylene (MAPE) and maleated polypropylenes course of their fortifications. Different favorable (MAPP)which were provided by DuPont Bundling and circumstances are great scraped spot resistance and great Industrial Polymers .Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) utilized was erosion resistance. provided by Merck Sdn Bhd. Polymer matrix composites under classified into two types: 2.2. Fiber treatment:- a) thermoplastic matrix composites, b) thermoset matrix Fibers were absorbed 6% NaOH arrangement in a water composites. shower where the temperature was kept up all through at 19± Metal Matrix composites: A metal grid composite (MMC) 2ºC for 48 hr.*(.2 ) The treated fibers were flushed seven is composite material with no less than two constituent parts, times and left to dry at room temperature some time recently one being a metal fundamentally, the other material might be being placed in a broiler for 5 h at 110 ºC( 2). Scathing pop an alternate metal or another material, for example, an treatment was picked in light of the fact that it is modest and earthenware or natural compound. At the point when no less successful. Untreated strands were likewise dried in an than three materials are available, it is known as a half and oven.(10) In this examination, substance treatment has been half composite. A MMC is reciprocal to a corm. connected to the examples. The strands were treated with Based on the type reinforcement of the composites: 89 ISSN:-2349-3585 |www.ijrdt.org Paper Title:-THE EFFECT OF ALAKALIZATION ON MECHANICAL PRPERTIES OF KENAF BAST FIBERS 3%,6% and 9% of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) for a day. The arranged and broke down.Three-point bend tests were sodium hydroxide focus has an effect on the mechanical performed utilizing an Intron-machine. The width and properties, thermo physical properties of the composites. After thickness of the specimens were measured and recorded. The the treatment, the strands were completely washed with specimens had a traverse to profundity proportion of 16:1. running water what's more, permitted to dry at raised Tests were tested at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The tests temperature 100℃ for 24 hours.(3) were conveyed out as per ASTM D 790. The flexural modulus 2.3. Density measurement of Fibers: - and flexural quality were calculated from this test. (3) Charpy The clear thickness of the fiber was measured by utilizing the affect tests were performed utilizing an Avery Denison affect Archimedes guideline which includes the immersion of a analyzer. The width and thickness of the unnotched specimens known weight of fiber into a dissolvable of bring down were measured and recorded. The tests were completed as per thickness than the fiber. Benzene with a thickness of around ASTM D 256. Crafted by crack esteems were computed by 875 kg/m3 was utilized as a dissolvable (3.10.) partitioning the vitality in kJ recorded on the analyzer by the 2.4.ManufacturingTechniques:- cross sectional zone of the specimen. SEM micrographs of Generally conventional assembling methods are connected for treated and untreated fiber surfaces were taken utilizing a the normal fiber polymer composites, which are intended for filtering electron magnifying lens Model JEOL 6310. ordinary fiber-strengthened polymer composites with Preceding SEM assessment, the tests were covered with gold thermoplastics and thermosets. These methods incorporate utilizing the plasma sputtering mechanical assembly Edwards coordinate expulsion, vacuum implantation, pressure forming, sputter coater model S150B. sap exchange shaping, intensifying and infusion shaping.(11) 3. Results and discussion Typically techniques for example, expulsion, pressure and 3.1. Apparent density of kenaffibers:- infusion shaping are utilized to present fibers into the The bulk (obvious) density includes all the strong material and thermoplastic matrix. Assembling of regular fiber polymer the pores inside the fibers. The bulk density is constantly not composites is arranged in two sorts as open and closed as much as the total density, which avoids every one of the moulding procedures.(15). Closed moulding procedures are pores and lumen because