GbE.PocketG.fm Page 1 Friday, March 3, 2006 9:43 AM Carrier Class Ethernet, Metro Ethernet tester, Metro Ethernet testing, Metro Ethernet installation, Metro Ethernet maintenance, Metro Ethernet commissioning, Carrier Class Ethernet tester, Carrier Class Ethernet testing, Carrier Class Ethernet installation, Carrier Class Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet tester, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet protocols, 1000BASE-T tester, 1000BASE-LX test, 1000BASE-SX test, 1000BASE-T testing, 1000BASE-LX testing Trend’s Gigabit EthernetPocket Guide AuroraTango Gigabit Ethernet Multi-technology Personal Test Assistant Platform for simple, fast and effective testing of Gigabit Ethernet, ADSL, OSI model 802.3 model SHDSL, and ISDN. Aurora Tango 7 Application Upper layers Gigabit Ethernet has an exceptional 6 Presentation Reconciliation range of features Upper ensuring reliable delivery of end-to-end 5 Session layers services over Metropolitan networks MII Media independent based on Gigabit Ethernet. 4 It includes a full range of tests and Transport measurements, such as RFC-2544, PCS top ten addresses, real-time Ethernet 3 Network LLC (802.2) statistics, multilayer BERT, etc. Two PMA Gigaport transceivers allow terminate, 2 Data Link MAC (803.3) loopback and monitor connections to Autonegotiation networks, plus a 10/100/1000BASE-T Physical cable port for legacy testing. 1 PHY (802.3) dependent Media MDI A PDA provides an intuitive graphical menu structure for testing and workflow Media organization. Figure 1 Ethernet layers, 802.3 model compared with OSI. MII and Autonegotiation are optional. Encoding Standard Interface Media Type FDX Data Symbol MFS Distance 10BASE-2 One 50 Ohm thin coaxial cable H 4B/5B Manchester 64 <185 m 10BASE-5 One 50 Ohm thick coaxial cable H 4B/5B Manchester 64 <500 m 10Broad36 One 75 Ohm coaxial (CATV) H 4B/5B Manchester 64 <3600 m 10BASE-T Two pairs of UTP 3 (or better) H/F 4B/5B Manchester 64 <100 m 10BASE-FP Two optical 62.5 μm MMF passive hub H 4B/5B Manchester 64 <1000 m 10BASE-FL Two optical 62.5 μm MMF asyn hub F 4B/5B Manchester 64 2000 m 10BASE-FB Two optical 62.5 μm MMF sync hub H 4B/5B Manchester 64 <2000 m Ethernet 802.3a-t IEEE (clauses1-20) AUI 100BASE-T4 Four pairs of UTP 3 (or better) H 8B/6T MLT3 64 <100 m 100BASE-T2 Two pairs of UTP 3 (or better) H/F PAM5x5 PAM5 64 <100 m 100BASE-TX Two pairs of UTP 5 (or better) H/F 4B/5B MLT3 64 <100 m 100BASE-TX Two pairs of STP cables F 4B/5B MLT3 64 200 m 100BASE-FX Two optical 62.5 μm MMF F 4B/5B NRZI 64 2 km 100BASE-FX Two optical 50 μm SMF F 4B/5B NRZI 64 40 km Fast Ethernet Fast 802.3u IEEE 21-29) (clauses MII 1000BASE-CX Two pairs 150 Ohm STP (twinax) F 8B/10B NRZ 416 25 m 1000BASE-T Four pair UTP 5 (or better) H/F 4D-PAM5 PAM5 520 <100 m 1000BASE-SX Two 50 μm MMF, 850 nm F 8B/10B NRZ 416 500/750 m 1000BASE-SX Two 62.5 μm MMF, 850 nm F 8B/10B NRZ 416 220/400 m 1000BASE-LX Two 50 μm MMF, 1310 nm F 8B/10B NRZ 416 550/2000 m 1000BASE-LX Two 62.5 μm MMF, 1310 nm F 8B/10B NRZ 416 550/1000 m 1000BASE-LX Two 8-10 μm SMF,1310 nm F 8B/10B NRZ 416 5 km 1000BASE-ZX Two 8-10 μm SMF, 1310 nm F 8B/10B NRZ 416 80 km Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit 802.3z/ab IEEE 34-42) (clauses GMII 10GBASE-SR Two 50 μm MMF, 850 nm F 64B/66B NRZ N/A 2 ~ 300 m s n 10GBASE-SW Two 62.5 μm MMF, 850 nm F 64B/66B NRZ N/A 2 ~ 33 m o i 10GBASE-LX4 Two 50 μm MMF, 4 x DWM signal F 8B/10B NRZ N/A 300 m t 10GBASE-LX4 Two 62.5 μm MMF, 4 x DWM signal F 8B/10B NRZ N/A 300 m a c 10GBASE-LX4 Two 8 ~ 10 μm SMF, 1310 nm, 4 x DWM signal F 8B/10B NRZ N/A 10 km i n 10GBASE-LR Two 8 ~ 10 μm SMF, 1310 nm F 64B/66B NRZ N/A 10 km u 10GBASE-LW Two 8 ~ 10 μm SMF, 1310 nm F 64B/66B NRZ N/A 10 km m 10GBASE-ER Two 8 ~ 10 μm SMF, 1550 nm F 64B/66B NRZ N/A 2 ~ 40 km 10GBASE-EW Two 8 ~ 10 μm SMF, 1550 nm F 64B/66B NRZ N/A 2 ~ 40 km m 10GEthernet 802.3ae IEEE 48-53) (clause XGMII o C d Figure 2 Ethernet layers, 802.3 model compared with OSI. MII and Autonegotiation are optional. n e r T GbE.PocketG.fm Page 2 Friday, March 3, 2006 9:43 AM Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet troubleshooting, Fibre Channel IEEE 802.3z IEEE 802.3 802.3z 802.3ab FC-4 LLC (802.2) Higher Layers Gigabit MAC FC-3 MAC (802.3) GMII (optional) Connection Services CSMA/CD or FDX FC-2 PCS - 8B/10B PCS 4DPAM5 Signalling PCS 1000BASE-T Phy Coding Sublayer PMA PMA FC-1 Codification PMA Autonegotiation Autonegotiation Phy Med Attachment FC-0 CX LX SX PMD Medium Interface PMD Phy Med Dependent MDI MDI MDI MDI 1000BASE-X MDI Medium Dependent I/F 2 x STP Single/Multimode Multimode 4 x UTP Cat.5 1000BASE-LX and 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-T Tx Rx Tx Rx Recovery Tx Rx clock GMII (125 MBytes/s) 8MHz 125 bits, Carrier Sense Transmit Receive T T T T R R R R R 8bits 8bits PCS 8B/10B encoder 8B/10B decoder Auto- Negotiation Synchronisation abcdei-fghj HGFEDCBA 10B codes codes 10B Serialiser Deserialiser PMA Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid HybridH Slave 125 Mcodes/s PMD (serial interface) (serial Laser Driver Photo-Detector 125 Mbaud 125 Mbaud 125 Mbaud 125 Mbaud MDI 125 Mbauds Optical fiber Optical fiber Four pair UTP-5 FDX (optical interface) (optical Figure 3 Gigabit Ethernet defines several transmission media: 802.3z (1000BASE-X) based on the existing Fibre Channel technology, and 802.3ab (1000BASE-T) which uses UTP. IEEE 802.3ae LLC MAC Control OSI model MAC 7 Application Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) 6 Presentation XGMII XGMII XGMII 5 Session PCS 4 Transport 64B/66B PCS PCS 64B/66B 8B/10B 3 Network WIS 2 Data link PMA PMA PMA 1 Physical PMD PMD PMD MDI MDI MDI 10GBASE-W 10GBASE-R 10GBASE-X Figure 4 Layered model of IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet. GbE.PocketG.fm Page 3 Friday, March 3, 2006 9:43 AM Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet troubleshooting, PSD 20 Category 3 limit Category 5 limit 1000BASE-T 10 100BASE-TX 100BASE-T2 -0 10BASE-T -10 dB -20 -30 -40 -50 MHz 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 Figure 5 Power Spectrum Density (PSD). Data 1010000 110000 0 00010 NRZ RZ NRZI Manchester MLT-3 Figure 6 Symbol encoding schemes used in Ethernet. >96 bit Rx buffer Tx buffer Frame gap Frame gap Frame gap Frame Interface Physical Interface Physical RX TX MAC MAC Pause gap Pause gap Pause gap Frame TX RX Tx buffer Rx buffer 71 6622 2 424 Pre SDF DA SA Length Opcode Timer Reserved FCS PAUSE Figure 7 FDX operation enables two-way transmission simultaneously without contention, collisions, extension bits or retransmissions. The only restriction is that a gap must be allowed between two consecutive frames. FDX also requests flow control, which is transmitted by the receiver to request that the trans- mitter temporarily stops transmitting. GbE.PocketG.fm Page 4 Friday, March 3, 2006 9:43 AM Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet troubleshooting, Autonegotiation Base Page 10/100/1000BASE-T 0151234567891011121314 S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 RF Ack NP Priority Resolution Next Page present Highest Selector Field Acknowledgement 1000BASE-T full duplex 00001 - IEEE 802.3 1000BASE-T Remote Fault Indicator 00010 - IEEE 802.9 100BASE-T2 full duplex Reserved 100BASE-TX full duplex 00011 - 802.5 100BASE-T2 Asymmetric PAUSE (full duplex only) 100BASE-T4 PAUSE (full duplex only) 100BASE-TX 100BASE-T4 Half Duplex 10BASE-T full duplex 100BASE-TX Full Duplex 10BASE-T 100BASE-TX Half Duplex Lowest 10BASE-T Full Duplex 10BASE-T Half Duplex Autonegotiation Base Page 1000BASE-X 0 123456789101112 131415 Rsv Rsv Rsv Rsv Rsv FD HD PS1PS2 Rsv Rsv Rsv RF1 RF2 Ack NP Reserved Reserved Next page present Acknowledgement Full duplex Remote fault: 00=OK Half duplex 01=Offline Pause: 00 No Pause 10=Link Failure 01 Asymmetric pause 11=Autonegotiation Error 10 Symmetric pause 11 Symmetric and Asymmetric pause Message Next Page 0151234567891011121314 M0 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 T Ac2 MP Ack NP Next Page present Message Acknowledgement 1000000000 - Null Message Page 0100000000 - One Technology UP follows Acknowledgement 1100000011 - Two Technology UP follows 0010000000 - One Binary UP follows Toggle 1010000000 - Organizationally Unique Id. 0110000000 - PHY Id. 1110000000 - 100BASE-T2 One Ability UP follows 1110000000 - 1000BASE-T Two Ability UP follows Unformatted Page 1 1000BASE-T 0151234567891011121314 U0 U1 U2 U3 U4 0 0 0 0 0 0 T Ac2 MP Ack NP Half Duplex Next Page present Full Duplex Acknowledgement Port type (1=Multiport) Message Page Configuration (1=Master, 0=Slave) Acknowledgement Master/Slave Configuration (1=Manual) Toggle Unformatted Page 2 1000BASE-T 0151234567891011121314 SB0 SB1 SB2 SB3 SB4 SB5 SB6 SB7 SB8 SB9 SB10 TAc2MPAckNP Next Page present Master/Slave Seed value Acknowledgement The device with the higher SEED Message Page value is configured as MASTER Acknowledgement Toggle Figure 8 Autonegotiation messages.