Fifty Missionary Heroes Every Boy and Girl Should Know By JULIA H. JOHNSTON These Heroes of the former days Deserved and gained their never-fading bays.” ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK CHICAGO TORONTO Fleming H. Revell Company LONDON AND EDINBURGH Copyright, 1913, by FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY Contents IV. RAYMUND LULL First Missionary to, the Mohammedans V. JOHN ELIOT Apostle to the Indians VI. THOMAS MAYHEW Missionary to the Indians After He Was Seventy VII. BARTHOLOMEW ZIEGENBALG Early Missionary to India VIII. DAVID BRAINERD Missionary to the Indians at Twenty-four IX. WILLIAM CARY Missionary to India X. THEODOSIUS VANDERKEMP Missionary to Africa, When Past Fifty XII. HENRY MARTYN Missionary to India and Persia XIII. GUIDO FRIDOLIN VERBECK Who Received Japanese Order of The Rising Sun XIV. ALEXANDER DUFF Missionary to India XV. ALLEN GARDINER Who Went to Patagonia, S. A. XVI. CYRUS HAMLIN Founder Robert College, Constantinople XVII. ROBERT MOFFAT Missionary to South Africa XVIII. SAMUEL J. MILLS . The Missionary Who Never Reached His Field XIX. ADONIRAM JUDSON. Missionary to Burma XX. THE THREE MRS. JUDSONS XXI. DAVID LIVINGSTONE For Thirty Years Missionary to Africa XXII. DAVID ZEISBERGER Apostle to the Delawares XXIII. ROBERT MORRISON. Founder of Protestant Missions in China XXIV. MRS. HANS EGEDE Missionary to Greenland XXV. JOHN SCUDDER (India) First Medical Missionary Sent from America XXVI. JAMES CALVERT Printer-Missionary to Fiji XXVII. FIDELIA FISKE First Unmarried Woman-Missionary to Persia XXVIII. MARCUS WHITMAN Who Saved Oregon for His Country XXIX. ELIZA AGNEW Of Ceylon, Called The Mother of a Thousand Daughters Fifty Missionary Heroes XXX. JAMES HANNINGTON “Lion-hearted Bishop” of Africa XXXI. JOSEPH HARDY NEESIMA Of Japan, Founder of “The One Endeavour Company “ XXXII. MELINDA RANKIN. First Protestant Missionary to Mexico XXXIII. ALEXANDER MACKAY . “Engineer-Missionary “ to Africa XXXIV. TITUS COAN. Missionary to Hawaiian Islands XXXV. JOHN G. PATON . “The Saint John of the New Hebrides” XXXVI. CHARLOTTE MARIA TUCKER (A. L. 0. E.) . Missionary to India XXXVII. JOHN COLERIDGE PATTESON . “The Martyr of Melanesia “ XXXVIII. SAMUEL CROWTHER . The Slave-boy Who Became a Bishop XXXIX. MRS. H. C. MULLENS . “The Lady of the Slippers “ (India) XL.CORNELIUS VAN ALAN VAN DYCK Of Syria, Translator of the Bible into Arabic XLI. ELIAS RIGGS. Missionary to Turkey-Master of Twelve Languages XLII. ISABELLA THOBURN. Founder of First Woman's College in India XLIII. ELEANOR CHESNUT. Missionary Martyr of Lien Chou, China XLIV. CALVIN WILSON MATEER Founder of Shantung College, China XLV. EGERTON R. YOUNG . Missionary Pioneer and Pathfinder in Canada XLVI. HENRY HARRIS JESSUP. Missionary to Syria for Fifty four Tears XL VII. MRS. A. R. MCFARLAND. The First Missionary in Alaska XLVIII. SHELDON JACKSON. Apostle to Alaska, Who Introduced the Reindeer L. MISSIONARY SAYINGS . That have Become Classic IV RAYMUND LULL First Missionary to the Mohammedans (1290-1315) YOU have heard of the Mohammedans, of course. Mohammed was the man who felt that he had received in visions a command to found a new religion. The principal thing that one had to believe was in this sentence: “There is one God and Mohammed is His prophet.” Prayers five times a day, no matter where one might be, were to be offered regularly. The followers of this new prophet of a false religion were sent out everywhere to make converts, and they used the sword to make men believe. If one refused, he had his head cut off. There were soon a great many of these followers in the world, and you can see that they needed a missionary very much. The Mohammedans got possession of the Holy Land, and it was to drive out these infidels that the Crusades were undertaken in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The Crusades were the “armies of the cross,” led by different kings and other leaders to the city of Jerusalem. It was in this time of great events that Raymund Lull, the first missionary to the Mohammedan world, lived his life. He was born in 1235. Just count up now, and see how many years it is since this missionary was a new-born baby. www.temkit.com 2 Fifty Missionary Heroes His birthplace was the Island of Majorca, off the east coast of what is now Spain, part of which was then called Aragon. When King James I of Aragon took this island from the Saracens, he gave large estates in it to the father of Raymund Lull, who had rendered his king distinguished service. The sovereigns of Aragon changed very often. Twenty proud kings reigned in a period of about four hundred years. The capital of the kingdom was Saragossa, and here, in the court, young Raymund Lull spent several years of his life, being court poet, and a skilled musician in the reign of James II. He had a rare mind and was an accomplished scholar, which gave him a high place among men. Besides this, he was heir to large wealth, and lived the life of a gay knight in the king's court before he became an ardent missionary. He was thirty-two when the great change came, and his conversion seems to have been very much like that of Saul of Tarsus. It was in the city of Palma that the young man's whole life and aims were altered. At once he sold his property and gave all to the poor, except enough to support his wife and children in a simple way. Before long, he made up his mind to attack Mohammedanism or Islam, as it was called, not with the sword of steel but with the sword of Truth. He put on the dress of a beggar and went about among the churches of his native island, asking help for his work. In this, the thirteenth century, Islam had the greatest power in the world, and claimed more political influence and greater advances in science and poetry, than any of the nations. Against this mighty power Raymund Lull meant to lead the attack, using the weapons of love and learning only, not the force and fanaticism of the Crusades. To accomplish his aim he began a thorough study of Arabic, the language of a large part of the oriental world. He also spent much time in meditation. He was about forty years old before he was ready to enter upon the life-work that he had planned as author and missionary, for he began to be a great writer. One of the first things he did at this time was to persuade King James II of Aragon to found and endow a monastery, where men should be taught the Arabic language, and should learn how to meet the Mohammedans in discussion, with learning equal to their own. Thirteen students were soon enrolled in this training school. But Raymund Lull was not content. He longed for world-wide missions. He had spent some years in getting ready himself, and in helping the work at home. Now, at fifty-five, he decided to go alone to preach Christ in northern Africa. When he got to Tunis, he gave out the word widely that he was ready to debate with the Mohammedans, for he had studied both sides, and would answer whatever might be said. This was a great debate. The missionary proved the Truth, and some believed. But others were angry, and the missionary was thrown into prison, narrowly escaping death. After great persecutions he got away to Europe, but he made other missionary journeys, and, fifteen years after his banishment, was again on the shores of northern Africa, in the stronghold of Mohammedanism. At the age of sixty-five he journeyed through www.temkit.com 3 Fifty Missionary Heroes Cyprus, Syria, and other countries on his missionary work. Returning to northern Africa he stood up in a public place and proclaimed the Truth, in Arabic, in the boldest way. Again he was imprisoned, but some merchants took pity on him, and finally he escaped with sentence of banishment. He was told that if he ever came back he should die. He could not stay away, and came back in 1314, quietly teaching, and praying with converts, till his fiery zeal led him again to the market-place to preach to those who had persecuted him. He was seized and dragged out of town where he was stoned to death, a brave martyr for Christ, eighty years old. He wrote one hundred and eighty books, established missionary colleges, and gave his life for the Cause. V JOHN ELIOT Apostle to the Indians (1645-1690) COME, let us take a thought-journey back over two hundred and fifty years. Can you do it? Of course you can. You can think back thousands of years to the Flood, or to the Garden of Eden, for that matter. You can think back much farther than you can remember. Let us imagine that we are about eighteen miles southwest of Boston, on the Charles River, in the town with the Indian name, Natick. There seems to be something interesting going on in this little place, with woods around it. Look at the people coming together, why-they are red men. Yes, they are Indians. Let us not be afraid of them. They are red, but they do not look fierce and wild. Now, see! A horseman is coming near. What a good face he has. He has come from Roxbury, we hear, where he has long been the pastor of a church. How kindly he greets the Indians. And now we hear what is to be done to-day. These Indians are to be formed into a church of their own.