, 8) ..... .. -~ . ... .... ,.. ·.~.s . i .. J , ...... ,. ~ •e in ·, uci".;1 s in f 'ow to Com:Jfcle f\'atio al ~ ~ _,: '~r Fo r,1 s Ty;.ie all ent1 ii;; s -~r • 1pl:fc a, ,Jlic'."lb !e . et.:li Jn s ,. • toric t £d & n Tiber see ind:i v..i.dua l inventory fo··.,,s n/_a not for L ')'j r ·n city, town vicinii y of c.ori"'1e"Sional district (. e C<. 'ty (. e c•_.,.,, r-. •s r ::-ent ' 5' e cJ'rf 'ct public \'. , c~ , · d < gric...il'ure _ rr •J<. ~1 n · " t,j(s) X priv~te unoc- 1.'·d _ commercial :· k ' . e t:oth • tJf I\. 11 r educ;; ional •, r ce e ic c i •·-·"'· >n ·-.1 e nl •r1a;1 .1 "' nt •s x ..... l.'. t in pr. ss x_ ;..:s: restricted nt ·-C !:. • x l>ei'lg ';:;red ~ 'S: unrestricti::d ir~ 1 ..J ; t~io n X not a pplicable no nar'1e see individual :inventory for'Tls city, town state on of courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. n/a ----------- ------ - street & number city, town state resenta ion in xisting Maryland Historical Trust title Historic Sites Inventory has this property been determined elegible? __ yes x__ no date 1984 __ federal _x_ state __ county __ local depository for survey records Maryland Historical_Trus_!., 21 State Cir_c_l_e____ _ Annapolis Maryland 21401 city, town state .. , - ;l r ' r-: e . (' e x c :· '1t ' I• ' do . d L. t.. d n/a 01is •al site ~ ··d r ~in s x i' e d _moved dcite n/a ir lJ .~ ... o:ed it and - i~~r (if ·now. ) ; "1 il.,11 • :>. arocl ce ~~illher of Resources Number of previously JistPd Nationa l Contributing ~o c.0·1t t .iL ut ing Regi~ter pro erties incl 1ded in this 0 0 _build i i s -- - 0 no~indt ' on : 0 ----0 0 sHL S 0 0 strJcturcs Original and iisturjc f, Kl io'1s 18 0 _cbjc.cts rind i;c s : 1=_r 3 r ~j..•o_!· tat i o ~ 18 0 Total DL CRIPTlON su;_•f'1ARY : This thL.natic ~roup nomi.1Ation 'Lf'::--i,- rs 18 saiJ ~·1g log Lan,,c~s , the c;ole .:::w1-ive survivors of a traditio1"ll ';. ·c,,=- J L)pe irdjt.,r.~nus to t e C cs '"· ke Eay rc~io n. The sailing log canoe ~~s d ~eloped in the .~rly 17th century as a ~orki1g 'essel by European settlers, who 1~1pted its ~esi~n from the aboriginRl t' u,_:,c.i1t r··'lne . It \.. as orjginally used for t1 .n, ;oort;:it ion, fisldng , a'ld oyste r 1un~ · ng ; by the 1880s, tLe peak of the Chp<;..._rc~ke F;,y o, · ter inclustry, sc1,1 e 6_~10 s2'li·1g ca.n., s .-:dst.2d . The advent of t11e 0 c:o}ine en~jne jn the f'arly 20th .L·.it•ay rennered t, e sqjling c :moe cbsolete as a \wrking vessel. The sr:"<] 1 ~ruup \\r-·il·h rl .TJa ins c•\.'l?S its survival to the ]ongst nding tradition of racing for spurt , whir:h v.as est blis!1ed in the 1840s . Of he 18 canoes ·n the gn11p , 11 \,ere [ .. 1ilt br rue 1)'03 , 5 \ rre constr•icted in tl1e early 1930s, nd 2 "-Pre lau-,c~,,d since 1940 . T'e ;-urviving cAnoes are knm-.n .'!S "fi]~ 1- L)-le" c:-,(1 s, their dcs.:.8n ,iving cn·i::_inati:-d in •he vicinity of Ti1~)1Tc..n T',1-irid c,n '-ic.i_y '-'Tid 's Eastern Shore . The basic fo1m and construction of these V.'~ e]s js typical of log canoes throughout the Cic.-<-;ar,eake Bay region , with hulls coP..structed of f1 'm 3 to 5 hollo~ed-out lo~s faqtened together with iron bolts. The Jogs are left thickes t arouDd the cent~rblard ~nd keel area ~nd then thinn~d to"-ar s the si~~s , usually to a finish thickn ss of b ·111t OT'e inch . The d<:0pth of the hull is built up by attaching carvel-fitted rising planks to a series of interior fr~ e s, often made of natural crook knees . In s hape, the log canoes have long, narrow hulls, a raking stem with longhea d b ow, and a sharp stern . All but one member of the group are double-ended . The canoes range in l ength from 27'4" to 35'6" and all are quite narrow in proportion to their length, the average ratio being about 4 . 5 to 1. The vessels ~ary in deck construction . The working log canoe had a completely open deck to allow for maximum stowage of fish or oysters . The racing canoes have another need - protection from the water - and many are half-decked, with decking fore and aft with an open area between protected only by narrow washboards. Other members of the fleet retain the open-decked design, with only narrow washboards along the sides. The sailing canoes all carry a sailing rig consisting of two unstayed masts with sharp-headed fore and main sails with clubs and sprits , and a large j i b. The boats are sailed with crews of 7 to 11. For complete list of resources included in this nomination, see Continuation Sheet No . 10. For General Description, see Continuation Sheet No . 2 <"~r- " ... , OC10 2) ~ · r c : .i· " f r • ~ ior e For NPS us < ly r cdv date en:e Chesapeake Bay Sajling Log Canoe Fl~e t r ·i u2 ion s eet lie n r u ..., . er 7 ----Page 1 GF - .RAL DESCR f PTJON - - This t~ ctt ic nc iaation s~e s to place on t e ~ational Register the sur ·j -ing group of JS historic saning Jog ,·anoes in :-r.1ryh,1d . riwse vessel s are 0f gr.,.._t "' ::.r,•111 and regional significancP because they are t e ole acti~e survivors of a vessel type indig~nous to the (",esape2~e region fro~ the Parlies t days of its settle-ent - the working log canoe J eloped in the qrly 17th ~e11tury by Furopean s~ttlcr s from t e abori~ inal dugo11t canoe . Ori[inally Lsed for transportation , fishing , .rnd tonging for oyste1 s, the 1 og r ,,nries l>P£< n to be meed for sport by local wate1~e n in the 1840s , eginning a tra~ition that today is their sole reason for survival. Although so~e 6300 sailing 1Rn~2s existed in Bay waters in the 1880s, the advent of the gasoline en~ine in t e early years of this century r~ndere d t 1ic•n o sol•te as 0ysU•ring vessels . Vsny of the s1iling canoes \·.ere cJn-verted to 1 C'\,< r oats ··nd ! :.nJ' "·<'re simply ::ibu11 1 c Pd . Ber .. ~se of the lrn1:;-st'1nding trar1it"ciu of racing , 1-iowe er , a sma11 group of canoPs ,,,,e kep t in m.:ne or lt~.s 1·on1 in s 1 c;e and .-e-"· \'Lc:se] s were added to the fl LE't , as others -..;ere , 1-:id ci l·ned . Of the 2 1 surviving cPnoes in the current racing flLet , 11 were built before 1903, 5 \HJe bui ]t Ln Le t>:n ly 1930s , 2 in the 1940s, ;:1111 3 in the 1970s. (T1w t 1ce r.'>S l rd·r•ntly i:Jlli l t ccrc-es \,Lre ronstrl1cted accord::ing to traditional "'~c;j~n drid of tJ dd i 'i or-:ci l , .a: er ial s 'l•1d \ j1-l· 1;-nc:hj p,. but are '10t inc 1 uded in this 11~ i• i r·~ ti lln ecause th<:.y are less than 50 ) ar s old.) An import"lnt f e. ture of this group nomination is the ChesC1p '1 ke Bay itself , eu se it was the r· _1 sical environment of the Bay region which created thi s uniq 1ely local ve sel type. The e·se and conveniemce of transportation by\ ter , the -eed for vessels for fi shing, ;nd the abunddnt forests l e d the rative Iri~i .ns Lo f-shion dugout canoes using the technology available to them - stone tools and fir e . Having the same needs for transportation and fishing, the early Chesapeake settlers soon adapted the native Indian canoe to their own uses, gradually enlarging them , with their superior technology , and a dding sails. The early canoes were small, 20' to 30' in l ength and were built of a single large log . As large timbers became scarce , local boatbuilders l earned to fi t two or three narrower logs together side by side, fastening them with iron bolts . Once the technology of a multiple log hull had b een achieved, canoes began to be built to greater lengths and by the mid-19th century canoes of 38 ' to 50' in length were being built with standing rigging . This larg e canoe form led to the brogan, a 40' to 60 ' vessel with a log bottom and framed and planked sides , and to the even larger bugeye, a SO ' to 80 ' vessel with log bottom especially developed as an oyster dredge boat after the Civil War . Log canoes were i mportant transportation and fishing vessels in the 18th century but it was the beginning of the oyster industry in :!'faryland in the early 19th century that caused their widespread proliferation.