Notes Introduction 1 . The full reference for this ghost story is: Edmund Crispin, The Case of the Gilded Fly (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1954), pp. 67–75. Edmund Crispin was also a writer of ghost stories and an editor of ghost anthologies. He was a particularly fond of M. R. James’s work, and the denouement of Frequent Hearses (1950) takes place in a maze recalling a similar incident in ‘Mr. Humphreys and his Inheritance’. 2 . Julia Briggs, Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story (London: Faber, 1977), p. 24. 3 . M. R. James, ‘Introduction’, in Ghosts and Marvels: A Selection of Uncanny Tales from Daniel Defoe to Algernon Blackwood , ed. by V. H. Collins (London: Oxford University Press, 1924), p. vi. 4 . Clive Bloom, ‘Introduction’, in Gothic Horror: A Reader’s Guide from Poe to King and Beyond , ed. by Clive Bloom (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998), p. 2. 5 . The Letters of Edgar Allan Poe , ed. by John Ward Ostrom (New York: Gordian Press, 1966), p. 328. 6 . Harold Bloom, ‘Preface’ in The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry (New York: Oxford University Press, (1997), p. xxiii. 7 . Paul Auster, The New York Trilogy: City of Glass, Ghosts, The Locked Room (London: Faber and Faber, 1988), pp. 4–5. 8 . Lyn Pykett, The Sensation Novel: From The Woman in White to The Moonstone (Plymouth: Northcote House, 1994), p. 4. 9 . Geraldine Jewsbury, ‘Unsigned Review, Athenaeum 1868’ in Wilkie Collins: The Critical Heritage , ed. by Norman Page (London: Routledge, 1974) p. 169. 10 . Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966), pp. 55–6. 11 . Fred Botting, Gothic (London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 64–5. 12 . Maurizio Ascari, A Counter-History of Crime Fiction: Supernatural, Gothic, Sensational (Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, 2007), p. 172. 13 . Agatha Christie, The Sittaford Mystery (Glasgow: Fontana/Collins, 1990), p. 83. Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge, (1851–940) was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of key patents in wireless telegraphy. He is particularly remembered for his studies in psychical research and spiritualism. 14 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘A New Light on Old Crimes’ in The Edge of the Unknown (London: John Murray, 1930), p. 281. 15 . Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 1. 189 190 Notes 16 . The Mysteries of Udolpho , p. 227. 17 . Margery Allingham, The Gyrth Chalice Mystery (New York: McFadden, 1963), p. 111. 18 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Copper Beeches’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories (London: John Murray), p. 286. 1 Detecting the Ghost 1 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Naval Treaty’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories (London: John Murray, 1956), pp. 500–1. 2 . Samuel Hynes, ‘A Detective and His God’, The New Republic (6 Feb. 1984), pp. 39–42 (p. 39). 3 . Michael Cox and R. A. Gilbert, ‘Introduction’ in Victorian Ghost Stories: An Oxford Anthology , ed. by Michael Cox and R. A. Gilbert (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), p. xviii. 4 . Sheridan Le Fanu, ‘Prologue to The Familiar’ in In a Glass Darkly , ed. by Robert Tracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 41. 5 . Le Fanu, ‘Green Tea’ in In a Glass Darkly , p. 14. 6 . Anthea Trodd, A Reader’s Guide to Edwardian Literature (Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary Press, 1991), p. 6. 7 . E. and H. Heron, Ghost Stories (London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd., 1917), p. 3. 8 . E. and H. Heron, ‘Introduction’ in Ghost Stories , pp. vii–viii. 9 . E. and H. Heron, ‘The Story of the Spaniards, Hammersmith’ in Ghost Stories , p. 8. 10 . Conan Doyle, ‘The Abbey Grange’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories , p. 834. 11 . E. and H. Heron, ‘The Story of the Spaniards, Hammersmith’ in Ghost Stories , p. 7. 12 . Sarah Crofton, ‘CSΨ: Occult Detectives of the Fin de Siècle and the Interpretation of Evidence’, Clues: A Journal of Detection , 30.2 (2013), 29–39 (p. 36). 13 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘A Study in Scarlet’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Long Stories (London: John Murray, 1954), p. 20. 14 . Edgar Allan Poe, ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’ in Tales, Poems, Essays (London: Collins, 1952), p. 346. 15 . ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, p. 352. 16 . Edgar Allan Poe, ‘Instinct vs. Reason – A Black Cat’ in Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe , ed. by Thomas Ollive Mabbott, 3 vols (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969), II, p. 682. 17 . David Punter, ‘Formalism and Meaning in the Ghost Story’ in The Literature of Terror: A History of Gothic Fictions from 1765 to the Present Day , 2 vols (Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited, 1996), II, p. 86. 18 . Julia Briggs, Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story (London: Faber and Faber, 1977), p. 63. 19 . Algernon Blackwood, ‘A Psychical Invasion’ in John Silence (London: Eveleigh Nash, 1910), pp. 2–3. 20 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 4. Notes 191 21 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 16. 22 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 30. 23 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 31. 24 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 34. 25 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 44. 26 . Conan Doyle, ‘The Specked Band’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories , p. 197. 27 . Conan Doyle, ‘The Empty House’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories , p. 573. 28 . Maurizio Ascari, A Counter-History of Crime Fiction: Supernatural, Gothic, Sensational (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), p. 84. 29 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, in John Silence , p. 144. 30 . ‘The Naval Treaty’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories , p. 501. 31 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 145. 32 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 147. 33 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 147. 34 . Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story , p. 63. 35 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 159. 36 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 168. 37 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 172. 38 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 174. 39 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 197. 40 . Chambers actually gives the name of such a gem as a scaraboid, that is, one carved in the shape of a beetle often used by the ancient Egyptians, rather than a scarabeus, which is the name for the beetle itself. 41 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 241. 42 . Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1966), p. 526. 43 . Conan Doyle, ‘The Sign of Four’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Long Stories , p. 244. 44 . Ronald R. Thomas, Detective Fiction and the Rise of Forensic Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 1–18. This reference is specifically for the lie detector. The additional information on other developments are contained passim in this excellent book. 45 . H. P. Lovecraft, Supernatural Horror in Literature (New York: Dover Publications Inc.), p. 85. 46 . Hynes, p. 39. 47 . M. R. James, ‘Some Remarks on Ghost Stories’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , ed. by Michael Cox (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 348. 2 Decoding the Past: Narrative and Inquiry in ‘The Musgrave Ritual’ and ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’ 1 . ‘The Gold Bug’ in Tales, Poems, Essays , p. 90. 2 . Howard Haycraft, Murder for Pleasure: The Life and Times of the Detective Story (New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1941), p. 9. 192 Notes 3 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories , p. 396. 4 . Michael Cox, ‘Introduction’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , ed. by Michael Cox (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. xxiii. 5 . This window, it seems, was inspired by those in the private chapel of Ashridge House, Little Gaddesden, Herts. An account of this connec- tion can be found in ‘A Haunting Vision: M. R. James and the Ashridge Stained Glass’ in Warnings to the Curious: A Sheaf of Criticism on M. R. James , ed. by S. T. Joshi and Rosemary Pardoe (New York: Hippocampus Press, 2007), pp. 253–7. 6 . M. R. ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , p. 80. 7 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 81. 8 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 81. 9 . Cox, ‘Introduction’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , p. xxiii. 10 . The Literature of Terror , II, p. 86. 11 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 81. 12 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 79. 13 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 79. 14 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 80. 15 . ‘The Speckled Band’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories , p. 173. 16 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’, p. 398. 17 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’, p. 398. 18 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’, p. 399. 19 . Montague R James, ‘Introduction’ in Ghosts and Marvels: A Selection of Uncanny Tales from Daniel Defoe to Algernon Blackwood , ed. by V. H. Collins (London: Oxford University Press, 1924), pp. vi–vii. 20 . Holmes’s first address in London; in March 1891, Conan Doyle took lodg- ings in Montague Street just round the corner from The British Museum, see A Life in Letters: Arthur Conan Doyle , ed. by Jon Lellenberg, Daniel Stashower and Charles Foley (London: Harper Perennial, 2008), p. 291. 21 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’, p. 407. 22 . These two lines were not in the first Strand Magazine publication but added by the time the story was published in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes in December 1893. This was almost certainly done to clarify the ritual and ensure that the solution was deducible from it. 23 . ‘Oh, Whistle and I’ll Come to You, My Lad’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , p. 64. 24 . Owen Dudley Edwards, ‘Rituals and Musgraves’ in The Case Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Musgrave Ritual , ed.