Notes

Introduction

1 . The full reference for this ghost story is: Edmund Crispin, The Case of the Gilded Fly (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1954), pp. 67–75. Edmund Crispin was also a writer of ghost stories and an editor of ghost anthologies. He was a particularly fond of M. R. James’s work, and the denouement of Frequent Hearses (1950) takes place in a maze recalling a similar incident in ‘Mr. Humphreys and his Inheritance’. 2 . Julia Briggs, Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story (London: Faber, 1977), p. 24. 3 . M. R. James, ‘Introduction’, in Ghosts and Marvels: A Selection of Uncanny Tales from Daniel Defoe to Algernon Blackwood , ed. by V. H. Collins (London: Oxford University Press, 1924), p. vi. 4 . Clive Bloom, ‘Introduction’, in Gothic Horror: A Reader’s Guide from Poe to King and Beyond , ed. by Clive Bloom (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998), p. 2. 5 . The Letters of Edgar Allan Poe , ed. by John Ward Ostrom (New York: Gordian Press, 1966), p. 328. 6 . Harold Bloom, ‘Preface’ in The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry (New York: Oxford University Press, (1997), p. xxiii. 7 . Paul Auster, The New York Trilogy: City of Glass, Ghosts, The Locked Room (London: Faber and Faber, 1988), pp. 4–5. 8 . Lyn Pykett, The Sensation Novel: From The Woman in White to The Moonstone (Plymouth: Northcote House, 1994), p. 4. 9 . Geraldine Jewsbury, ‘Unsigned Review, Athenaeum 1868’ in Wilkie Collins: The Critical Heritage , ed. by Norman Page (London: Routledge, 1974) p. 169. 10 . Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966), pp. 55–6. 11 . Fred Botting, Gothic (London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 64–5. 12 . Maurizio Ascari, A Counter-History of Crime Fiction: Supernatural, Gothic, Sensational (Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, 2007), p. 172. 13 . Agatha Christie, The Sittaford Mystery (Glasgow: Fontana/Collins, 1990), p. 83. Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge, (1851–940) was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of key patents in wireless telegraphy. He is particularly remembered for his studies in psychical research and spiritualism. 14 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘A New Light on Old Crimes’ in The Edge of the Unknown (London: John Murray, 1930), p. 281. 15 . Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 1.

189 190 Notes

16 . The Mysteries of Udolpho , p. 227. 17 . Margery Allingham, The Gyrth Chalice Mystery (New York: McFadden, 1963), p. 111. 18 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Copper Beeches’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories (London: John Murray), p. 286.

1 Detecting the Ghost

1 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Naval Treaty’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories (London: John Murray, 1956), pp. 500–1. 2 . Samuel Hynes, ‘A Detective and His God’, The New Republic (6 Feb. 1984), pp. 39–42 (p. 39). 3 . Michael Cox and R. A. Gilbert, ‘Introduction’ in Victorian Ghost Stories: An Oxford Anthology , ed. by Michael Cox and R. A. Gilbert (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), p. xviii. 4 . Sheridan Le Fanu, ‘Prologue to The Familiar’ in In a Glass Darkly , ed. by Robert Tracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 41. 5 . Le Fanu, ‘Green Tea’ in In a Glass Darkly , p. 14. 6 . Anthea Trodd, A Reader’s Guide to Edwardian Literature (Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary Press, 1991), p. 6. 7 . E. and H. Heron, Ghost Stories (London: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd., 1917), p. 3. 8 . E. and H. Heron, ‘Introduction’ in Ghost Stories , pp. vii–viii. 9 . E. and H. Heron, ‘The Story of the Spaniards, Hammersmith’ in Ghost Stories , p. 8. 10 . Conan Doyle, ‘The Abbey Grange’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories , p. 834. 11 . E. and H. Heron, ‘The Story of the Spaniards, Hammersmith’ in Ghost Stories , p. 7. 12 . Sarah Crofton, ‘CSΨ: Occult Detectives of the Fin de Siècle and the Interpretation of Evidence’, Clues: A Journal of Detection , 30.2 (2013), 29–39 (p. 36). 13 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘A Study in Scarlet’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Long Stories (London: John Murray, 1954), p. 20. 14 . Edgar Allan Poe, ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’ in Tales, Poems, Essays (London: Collins, 1952), p. 346. 15 . ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, p. 352. 16 . Edgar Allan Poe, ‘Instinct vs. Reason – A Black Cat’ in Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe , ed. by Thomas Ollive Mabbott, 3 vols (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969), II, p. 682. 17 . David Punter, ‘Formalism and Meaning in the Ghost Story’ in The Literature of Terror: A History of Gothic Fictions from 1765 to the Present Day , 2 vols (Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited, 1996), II, p. 86. 18 . Julia Briggs, Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story (London: Faber and Faber, 1977), p. 63. 19 . Algernon Blackwood, ‘A Psychical Invasion’ in John Silence (London: Eveleigh Nash, 1910), pp. 2–3. 20 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 4. Notes 191

21 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 16. 22 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 30. 23 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 31. 24 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 34. 25 . ‘A Psychical Invasion’, p. 44. 26 . Conan Doyle, ‘The Specked Band’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories , p. 197. 27 . Conan Doyle, ‘The Empty House’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories , p. 573. 28 . Maurizio Ascari, A Counter-History of Crime Fiction: Supernatural, Gothic, Sensational (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), p. 84. 29 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, in John Silence , p. 144. 30 . ‘The Naval Treaty’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories , p. 501. 31 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 145. 32 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 147. 33 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 147. 34 . Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story , p. 63. 35 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 159. 36 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 168. 37 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 172. 38 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 174. 39 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 197. 40 . Chambers actually gives the name of such a gem as a scaraboid, that is, one carved in the shape of a beetle often used by the ancient Egyptians, rather than a scarabeus, which is the name for the beetle itself. 41 . ‘The Nemesis of Fire’, p. 241. 42 . Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1966), p. 526. 43 . Conan Doyle, ‘The Sign of Four’ in The Complete Sherlock Holmes Long Stories , p. 244. 44 . Ronald R. Thomas, Detective Fiction and the Rise of Forensic Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 1–18. This reference is specifically for the lie detector. The additional information on other developments are contained passim in this excellent book. 45 . H. P. Lovecraft, Supernatural Horror in Literature (New York: Dover Publications Inc.), p. 85. 46 . Hynes, p. 39. 47 . M. R. James, ‘Some Remarks on Ghost Stories’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , ed. by Michael Cox (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 348.

2 Decoding the Past: Narrative and Inquiry in ‘The Musgrave Ritual’ and ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’

1 . ‘The Gold Bug’ in Tales, Poems, Essays , p. 90. 2 . Howard Haycraft, Murder for Pleasure: The Life and Times of the Detective Story (New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1941), p. 9. 192 Notes

3 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories , p. 396. 4 . Michael Cox, ‘Introduction’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , ed. by Michael Cox (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. xxiii. 5 . This window, it seems, was inspired by those in the private chapel of Ashridge House, Little Gaddesden, Herts. An account of this connec- tion can be found in ‘A Haunting Vision: M. R. James and the Ashridge Stained Glass’ in Warnings to the Curious: A Sheaf of Criticism on M. R. James , ed. by S. T. Joshi and Rosemary Pardoe (New York: Hippocampus Press, 2007), pp. 253–7. 6 . M. R. ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , p. 80. 7 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 81. 8 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 81. 9 . Cox, ‘Introduction’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , p. xxiii. 10 . The Literature of Terror , II, p. 86. 11 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 81. 12 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 79. 13 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 79. 14 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 80. 15 . ‘The Speckled Band’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories , p. 173. 16 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’, p. 398. 17 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’, p. 398. 18 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’, p. 399. 19 . Montague R James, ‘Introduction’ in Ghosts and Marvels: A Selection of Uncanny Tales from Daniel Defoe to Algernon Blackwood , ed. by V. H. Collins (London: Oxford University Press, 1924), pp. vi–vii. 20 . Holmes’s first address in London; in March 1891, Conan Doyle took lodg- ings in Montague Street just round the corner from The British Museum, see A Life in Letters: Arthur Conan Doyle , ed. by Jon Lellenberg, Daniel Stashower and Charles Foley (London: Harper Perennial, 2008), p. 291. 21 . ‘The Musgrave Ritual’, p. 407. 22 . These two lines were not in the first Strand Magazine publication but added by the time the story was published in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes in December 1893. This was almost certainly done to clarify the ritual and ensure that the solution was deducible from it. 23 . ‘Oh, Whistle and I’ll Come to You, My Lad’ in Casting the Runes and Other Ghost Stories , p. 64. 24 . Owen Dudley Edwards, ‘Rituals and Musgraves’ in The Case Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Musgrave Ritual , ed. by Christopher Roden and Barbara Roden (Chester: Calabash Press, 1996), p. 116. 25 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Our American Adventure (London: Hodder & Stoughton, Ltd., 1922), p. 230. 26 . Our American Adventure , p. 27. 27 . The Edge of the Unknown , p. 129. Notes 193

28 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 84. 29 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 82. 30 . The Literature of Terror , p. 86. 31 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 89. 32 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 94. 33 . ‘The Treasure of Abbot Thomas’, p. 96. 34 . The Literature of Terror , II, p. 86. 35 . The Literature of Terror , II, p. 86. 36 . Julia Briggs, Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story (London: Faber, 1977), p. 135. 37 . Brian Cowlishaw, ‘“A Warning to the Curious”: Victorian Science and the Awful Unconscious in M. R. James’s Ghost Stories’ in Warnings to the Curious.

3 Out of the Past: Retribution and Conan Doyle’s Double Narratives

1 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, A Study in Scarlet in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Long Stories , p. 36. 2 . A Study in Scarlet , p. 37. 3 . Sigmund Freud, The Unconscious , trans. by Graham Frankland (London: Penguin Books, 2005), p. 36. 4 . Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story , pp. 46–7. 5 . Sheridan Le Fanu, ‘The Watcher’ in The Watcher and Other Weird Stories (London: Downey and Co, 1894), p. 10. 6 . ‘The Watcher’, p. 19. This quotation is not in the later slightly revised edition of the story which, as my text explains, is called ‘The Familiar’. From this point, the discussion refers to the later version. 7 . Sheridan Le Fanu, ‘The Familiar’ in In a Glass Darkly (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 43. 8 . ‘The Familiar’, p. 47. 9 . ‘The Familiar’, p. 49. 10 . ‘The Familiar’, p. 51. 11 . ‘The Familiar’, p. 51. 12 . ‘The Familiar’, p. 81. 13 . ‘The Crooked Man’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories , p. 457. 14 . Sigmund Freud, The Uncanny , trans. by David McLintock (London: Penguin, 2003), p. 124. 15 . The Uncanny , p. 125. 16 . The Sign of Four in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Long Stories , p. 249. 17 . The Uncanny , p. 150. 18 . ‘Mr. Justice Harbottle’ in In a Glass Darkly , p. 88. 19 . For an account of Jeffreys’s life see Thomas Babington Macaulay, History of England from the Ascension of James II (New York: John Wurtele Lovell, 1849), pp. 406–9. 194 Notes

20 . ‘The Resident Patient’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories , p. 473. 21 . ‘The Resident Patient’, p. 475. 22 . ‘The Resident Patient’, p. 473. 23 . ‘The Resident Patient’, p. 476. 24 . ‘Preface’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Long Stories , p. vi. 25 . The Valley of Fear in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Long Stories , p. 480. 26 . The Valley of Fear , pp. 480–1. 27 . The Valley of Fear , p. 481. 28 . The Valley of Fear , p. 496. 29 . The Valley of Fear , p. 503. 30 . The Valley of Fear , p. 510. 31 . The Valley of Fear , p. 538–9. 32 . Lydia Alix Fillingham, ‘The Colorless Skein of Life’: Threats to the Private Sphere in Conan Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet in Critical Essays on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , ed. by Harold Orel (New York: G. K. Hall & Co.), p. 174. 33 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘Introduction’ in Arthur Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters , ed. by Jon Lellenberg, Daniel Stashover and Charles Foley (London: Harper Perennial, 2008), p. 3. 34 . ‘Introduction’ in Arthur Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters , p. 3. 35 . The Valley of Fear , p. 544. 36 . ‘Footnote’ in Arthur Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters , p. 579. 37 . ‘Conan Doyle Fears Drastic Uprising against Militants’, New York Times , May 31, 1914 quoted in Footnote in Arthur Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters , p. 579. 38 . ‘The Final Problem’ in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories , p. 539. 39 . The Valley of Fear , p. 460. 40 . ‘The Empty House’, in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Short Stories, p. 567.

4 ‘That Forbidding Moor’: The Hound of the Baskervilles , a Ghost Story?

1 . Sabine Baring-Gould, A Book of Dartmoor (London: Methuen & Co., 1900), p. 88. 2 . Michael Dirda, On Conan Doyle (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012), p. 2. 3 . Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Long Stories , p. 286. 4 . Some Conan Doyle scholars have cited 25th September to 20th October 1888 as the period in which the story is set, based on information quoted in the story itself. If these suggestions are correct, this would place it between The Sign of Four and ‘The Copper Beeches’ in the chronology of Holmes’s cases, and obviously would account for the lack of any reference to Holmes’s miraculous escape from the Reichenbach Falls as The Hound of the Baskervilles is intended as an earlier case. I have not researched this Notes 195

parallel chronology, although I have no reason to doubt it, as it does not impact on my argument, which is concerned with Conan Doyle’s own creative chronology, which clearly isolates the story at a pivotal place within the canon. 5 . M. R. James, ‘Introduction’ in Ghosts and Marvels , p. vi. 6 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 274. 7 . See Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘Introduction’ in Arthur Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters , pp. 479–80. See also the footnote on p. 480, expressing Robinson’s delight at their visit. 8 . This article is reprinted in: Brian W. Pugh and Paul R. Spiring, Bertram Fletcher Robinson: A Footnote to the Hound of the Baskervilles (London: MX Publishing, 2008), pp. 108–15. An excellent and informative book and especially detailed on the key relationship between Robinson and Conan Doyle. 9 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 345. 10 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 352. 11 . Night Visitors , p. 19. 12 . Amyas Northcote, ‘The Downs’ in In Ghostly Company (Ware: Wordsworth Editions, 2010), p. 89. 13 . ‘The Downs’, p. 90. 14 . A Book of Dartmoor , p. 27. 15 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 329. 16 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 345. 17 . See pp. 96–8 of Pugh and Spiring (Note 6) for some interesting informa- tion on Cabell. 18 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 292. 19 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 289. 20 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 294. 21 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 295. 22 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 295. 23 . Pierre Bayard, Sherlock Holmes Was Wrong (New York: Bloomsbury, 2008), p. 7. 24 . ‘The Law of the Ghost’ in The Edge of the Unknown , p. 124. 25 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 332. 26 . Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), pp. 226–7. 27 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 344. 28 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 345. 29 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 346. 30 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 350. 31 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 354. 32 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 376. 33 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 378. 34 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , p. 422. 35 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , pp. 422–3. 36 . Henry James, ‘Owen Wingrave’ in The Turn of the Screw and Other Stories , ed. by T. J. Lustig (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 61. 196 Notes

37 . Christopher Clausen, ‘Sherlock Holmes, Order, and the Late-Victorian Mind’ in Critical Essays on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ed. by Harold Orel (New York: G. K. Hall & Co.), pp. 85–6. 38 . The Hound of the Baskervilles , largely because of its qualities as something of an outlier in the Holmes’ series, has always attracted attention from other writers. Laurie King’s novel The Moor is particularly noteworthy as it reflects upon both the art of detection and the supernatural subjects which are pre-eminent in the original narrative. The Moor is her fourth novel featuring the now married Holmes and his wife Mary Russell. The latter is engaged in research studies at Oxford while Holmes continues his detective practice, and occasionally their paths coincide in order to work on a case. Holmes, who has to go abroad, sends Russell to Devon in response to a request from his old friend, Baring-Gould, who is concerned about an unexplained death and the appearance of a phantom coach accompanied by spectral hounds. What follows is a tale steeped in the supernatural, which revives the ghosts of the Baskerville case some thirty years earlier. But most significant is King’s reaction to the portrait scene at Baskerville Hall between Holmes and Watson, because, yet again, it is the device on which whole story turns. In The Moor , the Hall has been acquired by a dubious businessman called Ketteridge, who lives there with his somewhat sinister secretary, Scheiman. The plot also involves the secrets surrounding the testing of a tank on the moor, but interest- ingly it is the resurrection of the whole idea of a Stapleton as a reincar- nated Hugo and that portrait which prove decisive in unmasking the criminal. The full reference for this book is: Laurie King, The Moor (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998). 39 . The Hound of the Baskervilles, p. 312.

5 Agatha Christie’s Harlequinade: The ‘Bi-Part’ Soul of the Detective

1 . Henry David Thoreau, ‘Wednesday’ in A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (London: Penguin, 1998), p. 215. 2 . Agatha Christie, The Mysterious Mr. Quin (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1953), pp. 121–2. 3 . Agatha Christie, An Autobiography (London: Collins, 1977), p. 432. 4 . ‘The Coming of Mr. Quin’ in The Mysterious Mr. Quin , p. 11. 5 . ‘The Coming of Mr. Quin’, p. 16. 6 . ‘The Coming of Mr. Quin’, p. 19. 7 . ‘The Coming of Mr. Quin’, p. 27. 8 . W. H. Auden, ‘The Guilty Vicarage’ in The Dyer’s Hand and Other Essays (New York: Random House, 1962), p. 154. 9 . ‘The Shadow on the Glass’ in The Mysterious Mr. Quin , p. 44. 10 . ‘The Shadow on the Glass’, p. 46. 11 . Edgar Allan Poe, ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’ in Tales, Poems, Essays (London: Collins, 1952), p. 332. Notes 197

12 . ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, p. 328. 13 . ‘At the “Bells and Motley”’ in The Mysterious Mr. Quin, p. 53. 14 . Jorge Luis Borges, ‘Death and the Compass’ in Collected Fictions , trans. by Andrew Hurley (London: Penguin, 2000), p. 147. 15 . ‘Death and the Compass’, p. 148. 16 . ‘Death and the Compass’, p. 148. 17 . ‘Death and the Compass’, p. 152. 18 . ‘Death and the Compass’, pp. 152–3. 19 . ‘Ibn-Hakam al-Bokhari, Murdered in His Labyrinth’ in Collected Fictions , p. 255. 20 . ‘Ibn-Hakam al-Bokhari, Murdered in His Labyrinth’, p. 256. The refer- ence to ‘Zangwill’s locked room’ concerns Israel Zangwill’s The Big Bow Mystery (1892), a tale remarkable because the detective Grodman is the murderer – something the golden age would later frown upon. The allu- sion to ‘simple’ is because the solution involves the murderer commit- ting the crime as the first person to enter the room after the locked door is opened. 21 . ‘Ibn-Hakam al-Bokhari, Murdered in His Labyrinth’, p. 260. 22 . ‘Ibn-Hakam al-Bokhari, Murdered in His Labyrinth’, p. 260. 23 . ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, p. 357. 24 . ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, p. 351. 25 . ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, p. 352. 26 . Agatha Christie, The ABC Murders (Glasgow: Fontana/Collins, 1990), p. 213. 27 . The ABC Murders , p. 214. 28 . ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, p. 410. 29 . ‘The Man from the Sea’ in The Mysterious Mr. Quin , p. 108. 30 . Stephen Frosh, Hauntings: Psychoanalysis and Ghostly Transmissions (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), p. 168.

6 Golden Age Gothic: John Dickson Carr’s Locked Room

1 . The Sign of Four in Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Long Stories , p. 185. 2 . John Dickson Carr, The Hollow Man (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1986), p. 187. 3 . John Dickson Carr, ‘As We See It’, Uniontown Daily News Standard , 4 May, 1922, p. 8. 4 . Douglas G. Greene, John Dickson Carr: The Man Who Explained Miracles (New York: Otto Penzler, 1995), p. 107. 5 . Joseph A. Kestner, The Edwardian Detective, 1901–1915 (Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2000), p. 236. 6 . Greene, p. 21. 7 . ‘As We See It’, Uniontown Daily News Standard , 4 May, 1922. 8 . John Dickson Carr, It Walks By Night (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1930), p. 1. 198 Notes

9 . Douglas G. Greene, John Dickson Carr: The Man Who Explained Miracles (New York: Otto Penzler, 1995), p. 70. 10 . It Walks By Night , p. 15. 11 . It Walks By Night , p. 4. 12 . It Walks By Night , p. 35. 13 . ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, in Tales, Poems and Essays , p. 331. 14 . It Walks By Night , p. 137. 15 . J. T. Joshi, John Dickson Carr: A Critical Study (Ohio: Bowling Green State University Press, 1990), p. 114. 16 . It Walks By Night , p. 65. 17 . See Chapter 3. 18 . Si r Wa lte r S cot t, ‘ T he Tap est r ie d Cha mb e r ’ i n Classic Victorian & Edwardian Ghost Stories (Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth, 1996), p. 9. 19 . ‘The Tapestried Chamber’, p. 12. 20 . Owen Davies, The Haunted: A Social History of Ghosts (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), p. 47. 21 . H. G. Wells, ‘The Red Room’ in Tales of Wonder (Glasgow: Collins, 1926), p. 104. 22 . Night Visitors , p. 17. 23 . ‘The Red Room’, p. 105. 24 . ‘The Red Room’, p. 112. 25 . Michael Cox and R. A. Gilbert, ‘Introduction’ in Victorian Ghost Stories: An Oxford Anthology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), p. xi. 26 . John Dickson Carr, ‘The Door to Doom’ in The Door to Doom and Other Detections, ed. by Douglas G. Greene (New York: Harper & Row, 1980), p. 239. 27 . John Dickson Carr to Frederic Dannay, December 16 1946 in Greene, pp. 216–7. 28 . John Dickson Carr: A Critical Study , p. 121. 29 . The exceptions to books featuring these three detectives during this period are Poison in Jest (1932), which has Patrick Rossiter, and The Bowstring Murders (1933) with John Gaunt, both detectives, but neither made another appearance. 30 . A full account of this case can be found in William Roughead, What Is Your Verdict? (London: Faber and Faber, 1931), pp. 294–318.

7 Rebus’s Edinburgh Palimpsest: The Spirits of the Place

1 . Ian Rankin, Knots and Crosses (Sevenoaks, Kent: Coronet Books, 1989), p. 27. 2 . Knots and Crosses , pp. 142–3. 3 . Erin E. MacDonald, ‘Ghosts and Skeletons: Metaphors of Guilty History in Ian Rankin’s Rebus Series’, Clues: A Journal of Detection , 30.2 (2012), 67–75 (p. 71). 4 . Ian Rankin, ‘Introduction’ in The Falls (London: Orion, 2001), p. xii. Notes 199

5 . Gérard Genette, Palimpsests : Literature in the Second Degree , trans. by Channa Newman and Claude Doubinsky (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1997), pp. 398–9. 6 . Ian Rankin, Set in Darkness (London: Orion, 2000), p. 222–3. 7 . Ian Rankin, ‘My hero: Robert Louis Stevenson’, The Guardian, Friday 8 June 2012. 8 . Ian Rankin, Hide and Seek (London: Orion, 1993), p. 244. 9 . Ian Rankin, Black and Blue (London: Orion, 1997), p. 135. 10 . Ian Rankin, The Falls (London: Orion, 2001), p. 83. 11 . Set in Darkness , p. 295. 12 . Knots and Crosses , p. 60. 13 . Knots and Crosses , p. 140. 14 . Ian Rankin, The Black Book (London: Orion, 1994), p. 191. 15 . Robert Louis Stevenson, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (London: Headline, 2007), p. 84. 16 . See Michael Cook, Narratives of Enclosure in Detective Fiction: The Locked Room Mystery (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), pp. 30–1. 17 . Ian Rankin, Dead Souls (London: Orion, 1999), p. 232. 18 . The Falls , p. 473. 19 . Jan-Andrew Henderson, The Town Below the Ground: Edinburgh’s Legendary Underground City (Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, 2008), p. 26. 20 . William Hazlitt, ‘To Edinburgh’ in Liber Amoris or The New Pygmalion (Milton Keynes: Lightning Source UK, 2012), p. 36. 21 . Robert Louis Stevenson, Picturesque Old Edinburgh (Edinburgh: Albyn Press Ltd., 1983), p. 28. 22 . Hide and Seek , p. 52. 23 . Ian Rankin, Mortal Causes (London: Orion, 1995), p. 8. 24 . Mortal Causes , p. 33. 25 . Mortal Causes , p. 481. 26 . Set in Darkness , p. 260. 27 . Set in Darkness , p. 465. 28 . Not that the Burke and Hare story is anything new for an Edinburgh writer of detective stories. Owen Dudley Edwards has revealed that Conan Doyle showed early interest in Hare through the story ‘My Friend the Murderer’. Later Hare was the inspiration for the characters of Blessington, in ‘The Resident Patient’, disguised as a supergrass in a major robbery and Holy Peters in ‘The Disappearance of Lady Frances Carfax’. So, by the time Rankin included them in his fiction, their ghost was already afoot in the genre, albeit in some obscurity. 29 . The Falls , p. 139. 30 . The Falls , p. 138. 31 . The Falls , p. 139. 32 . The Falls , pp. 453–4. 33 . Ian Rankin, Mortal Causes , p. 123. 34 . The Falls , p. 156. 35 . Ian Rankin, Tooth and Nail (London: Orion, 1998), p. 163. 36 . Ian Rankin, Black and Blue , p. 381. 200 Notes

37 . Black and Blue , p. 433. 38 . Rebus actually returns in Standing in Another Man’s Grave, but by this time he has been forced to retire and works as a civilian in a cold-case unit. 39 . Ian Rankin, Exit Music (London: Orion, 2008), p. 460.

8 Susan Hill’s Lost Hearts: The Woman in Black and the Serrailler Novels

1 . A. E. Housman, ‘XL’ in A Shropshire Lad (Oxford: Woodstock Books, 1994), p. 57. 2 . The Literature of Terror , II, p. 54. 3 . Susan Hill, The Woman in Black (London: Vintage, 1998), p. 44. 4 . The Woman in Black , pp. 118–9. 5 . The Woman in Black , p. 119. 6 . The Woman in Black , pp. 127–8. 7 . Simon MacCulloch, ‘The Toad in the Study: M. R. James, H. P. Lovecraft, and Forbidden Knowledge’ in Warnings to the Curious: A Sheaf of Criticism on M. R. James , p. 80. 8 . The Woman in Black , p. 92. 9 . ‘Lost Hearts’ in Ghost Stories of an Antiquary , p. 36. 10 . ‘Lost Hearts’, p. 36. 11 . ‘Lost Hearts’, p. 52. 12 . ‘Lost Hearts’, p. 52. 13 . Robert Graves, The Greek Myths , 2 vols. (London: Penguin, 1960), I, p. 63. 14 . The Greek Myths , I, p. 33. 15 . Ovid Met. III.339–510 http://ovid.lib.virginia.edu/trans/Metamorph3. htm#476975712 16 . See especially Michael Cook, ‘The Hollow Text: Illusion as Theme in John Dickson Carr’s The Hollow Man’ in Narratives of Enclosure in Detective Fiction: The Locked Room Mystery (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), pp. 107–38. 17 . Susan Hill, The Pure in Heart (London: Chatto & Windus, 2005), p. 7. 18 . The Pure in Heart , p. 14. 19 . The Pure in Heart , p. 10. 20 . The Pure in Heart , p. 24. 21 . The Pure in Heart , p. 47. 22 . The Pure in Heart , p. 187. 23 . The Pure in Heart , p. 76. 24 . The Pure in Heart , p. 99. 25 . The Pure in Heart , p. 59. 26 . The Pure in Heart , p. 115. 27 . The Pure in Heart , p. 310. 28 . Susan Hill, The Risk of Darkness (London: Chatto & Windus, 2006), p. 38. Notes 201

29 . Chambers Dictionary , ed. Vivian Marr and others, 12th edn, (London: Chambers Harrap, 2013). 30 . The Risk of Darkness , p. 120. 31 . The Risk of Darkness , p. 132. 32 . The Risk of Darkness , p. 139. 33 . The Risk of Darkness , p. 271. 34 . The Risk of Darkness , p. 302. 35 . The Risk of Darkness , p. 357. 36 . Christopher Bollas, Forces of Destiny: Psychoanalysis and Human Idiom (London: Free Association Books, 1991), pp. 31–2.

9 Tony Hillerman’s Cultural Metaphysics

1 . Tony Hillerman was born in Sacred Heart, Oklahoma, and was a deco- rated combat veteran of World War II; he earned the Silver Star, the Bronze Star and a Purple Heart. From 1948 to 1962, he worked as a jour- nalist, and earned a master’s degree. He taught journalism from 1966 to 1987 at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque and also began writing novels. He lived there with his wife until his death in 2008. Hillerman wrote 18 books in his Navajo series, and over 30 books total, among them a memoir and books about the Southwest, its beauty and its history. His literary honours were awarded for his Navajo books. He was also awarded the Parris Award (named in honour of Parris Afton Bonds) by Southwest Writer’s Workshop for his outstanding service to other writers. His books have been translated into eight languages, among them Danish and Japanese. One of the glories of Hillerman’s writing is the cultural details he provides about his subjects: Hopi, Zuni, European, American, federal agents and especially Navajo Tribal Police. He has been honoured as a Special Friend of the Navajo people for his contribution to the understanding of their culture and practices. 2 . Murder for Pleasure: The Life and Times of the Detective Story , p. 76. This book was the first to be devoted entirely to the criticism of the detective story. 3 . Murder for Pleasure , p. 76. 4 . William V. Spanos, ‘The Detective and the Boundary: Some Notes on the Postmodern Literary Imagination’, Boundary , 21.1 (1972), 147–60 (p. 154). 5 . Dennis Porter, The Pursuit of Crime: Art and Ideology in Detective Fiction (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981), p. 246. 6 . Patricia Merivale and Susan Elizabeth Sweeney, ‘Preface’ in Detecting Texts: The Metaphysical Detective Story from Poe to Postmodernism , ed. by Patricia Merivale and Susan Elizabeth Sweeney (Philadelphia: Penn, 1999), p. x. 7 . Patricia Merivale and Susan Elizabeth Sweeney, ‘The Game’s Afoot: On the Trail of the Metaphysical Detective Story’ in Detecting Texts , p. 1. 8 . ‘The Garden of Forking Paths’, in Collected Fictions: Jorge Luis Borges , p. 127. 202 Notes

9 . Tony Hillerman, Hunting Badger (New York: Harper, 1999), p. 44. 10 . Following the Navajo tradition of giving names based on personal attributes, Hillerman often refers to unnamed characters by descrip- tive nicknames. Thus, the man wearing gold-rimmed glasses is called ‘Goldrims’ until his name is identified later in the book. Elsewhere in the series, a boy wearing a Superman sweatshirt, who is the grandson of a man under investigation, is called ‘Supergrandson.’ A murder victim is referred to as ‘Pointed Shoes’ even after the body is identified. 11 . Tony Hillerman, Listening Woman (New York: Harper, 2010), p. 40. 12 . Listening Woman , pp. 42–3. 13 . Listening Woman , p. 45. 14 . Listening Woman , p. 64. 15 . Listening Woman , p. 65. 16 . Listening Woman , p. 65. 17 . Listening Woman , p. 92. 18 . Listening Woman , p. 93. 19 . Tony Hillerman, The Ghostway (New York: Harper, 1984), p. 57. 20 . The Ghostway , p. 64. 21 . Listening Woman , p. 189. Hillerman is referring here to the Navajo idea of hózh ǫ which encompasses a holistic approach to beauty, harmony and the interconnectedness of the natural world. As I say later in the chapter. the crime in a Hillerman novel is a synecdoche for that which destroys hózhǫ . 22 . In addition to the differences between ‘white’ and ‘Navajo’ culture, Hillerman often explores differences in social status in white society. For example, many wealthy antagonists feel that the status brought by their money allows them to do certain things that would be consid- ered immoral–witness the attitude of some influential white criminals. McNair in The Ghostway is one such. 23 . The Ghostway , p. 237. 24 . Tony Hillerman, ‘Foreword’ in Tony Hillerman’s Navajoland: Hideouts, Haunts, & Havens in the Joe Leaphorn and Jim Chee Mysteries (Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2011), p. xii. 25 . H. R. F. Keating, Crime and Mystery: The 100 Best Books (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1987). 26 . Tony Hillerman, ‘Introduction’ in A Royal Abduction (San Diego: Denis McMillan, 1984). 27 . Matthew C. Strecher, ‘Magical Realism and the Search for Identity in the Fiction of Murakami Haruki’, Journal of Japanese Studies , 25.2 (Summer 1999), 263–98 (p. 267). 28 . Interestingly, Aimée and David Thurlo have taken up the mantle of Tony Hillerman and have begun a series of novels about the Navajo which promise to be true to the spirit of the originals. 29 . Scott Simpkins, ‘Magical Strategies: The Supplement of Realism’, Twentieth Century Literature , 34.2 (1988), 140–54 (p. 142). Notes 203

Conclusion

1 . Carolyn Wells, The Technique of the Mystery Story (Springfield, Massachusetts: The HomeCorrespondence School, 1913), p. 26. 2 . A Counter-History of Crime Fiction , pp. 165–6. 3 . S. S. Van Dine, ‘Twenty Rules for Writing Detective Stories’, American Magazine, 14 (September 1928) pp. 26–30 (repr. in S. S. Van Dine, ‘Twenty Rules for Writing Detective Stories’, in The Art of the Mystery Story , ed. by Howard Haycraft (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1946), pp. 189–93). S. S. Van Dine is the pseudonym of Willard Huntington Wright, who was originally an important literary editor and art critic. 4 . John T. Irwin, ‘A Clew to a Clue: Locked Rooms and Labyrinths’, Raritan , 10.4 (1991), 40–57 (p. 40). 5 . G. K. Chesterton, ‘The Blue Cross’, in The Complete Father Brown (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981), p. 20. 6 . Chesterton, ‘The Wrong Shape’, p. 99. 7 . A Counter-History of Crime Fiction , p. 158. 8 . E. C. Bentley, Trent’s Last Case (London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1913), pp. 374–5. 9 . L. M. Anderson, ‘Revenge’ in The Oxford Companion to Crime and Mystery Writing , ed. by Rosemary Herbert (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 386. 10 . Tony Hillerman, People of Darkness (London: Warner, 1992), p. 29. See also note 27. 11 . Julian Earwaker and Kathleen Becker, Scene of the Crime: A Guide to the Landscapes of British Detective Fiction (London: Aurum Press, 2002), pp. 46–7. 12 . Julian Symons, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1985), p. 15.

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Derrida, Jacques, The Gift of Death , trans. by David Wills (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996) Dickens, Charles, ‘Need Railway Travellers Be Smashed?’ Household Words , 29th November 1851, pp. 217–21 Dickens, Charles, The Letters of Charles Dickens , ed. by Walter Dexter, 3 vols (London: Nonesuch Press, 1938) Dirda, Michael, ‘John Dickson Carr,’ in Crime and Mystery Writers , ed. by Robin Winks (New York: Scribners, 1998), pp. 113–29 Dirda, Michael, On Conan Doyle (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012) Diskin, Patrick, ‘Poe, Le Fanu and the Sealed Room Mystery’, Notes and Queries , 13 (1966), 337–38 Dove, George N., The Reader and the Detective Story (Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1997) Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, The Edge of the Unknown (London: John Murray, 1930) Edwards, Owen Dudley, Burke & Hare (Edinburgh: Mercat Press, 1993) Edwards, Owen Dudley, The Quest for Sherlock Holmes (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984) Frank, Lawrence, ‘“The Murders in the Rue Morgue”: Edgar Allan Poe’s Evolutionary Reverie’, Nineteenth-Century Literature , 50.2 (1995), 168–88 Fraser, John, ‘Jorge Luis Borges, Alive in His Labyrinth’, 31 (1989), 179–91 Fredman, Stephen, ‘“How to Get Out of the Room That Is the Book?” Paul Auster and the Consequences of Confinement’, Postmodern Culture , 6.3 (May 1996), I–VI Freeman, Michael, Railways and the Victorian Imagination (New Haven; Yale University Press, 1999) Freud, Sigmund, The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Woks of Sigmund Freud , ed. by James Strachey, 24 vols (London: Hogarth Press, 1953–74), XIX (1958) Freud, Sigmund, The Uncanny (London: Penguin, 2003) Freud, Sigmund, The Unconscious (London: Penguin, 2005) Frosh, Stephen, Hauntings: Pyschoanalysis and Ghostly Transmissions (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) Genette, Gérard, Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree , trans. by Channa Newman and Claude Doubinsky (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1997) Gillespie, Robert, ‘Detections: Borges and Father Brown’, Novel: A Forum on Action , 7 (1974), 220–30 Gilley, Sheridan, ‘ Newman and Chesterton’, Chesterton Review , 32.1–2 (2006), 41–55 Gohrisch, Jana, ‘Familiar Excess? Emotion and the Family in Victorian Literature’, The Yearbook of Research in English and American Literature , 16 (2000), 163–83 Golden, Catherine, ed., Book Illustrated: Text, Image, and Culture, 1770–1930 (New Castle, Delaware: Oak Knoll Press, 2000) Goldstein, Jan, Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987) Select Bibliography and Suggested Reading 213

Gomel, Elana, ‘Mystery, Apocalypse, and Utopia: The Case of the Ontological Detective Story’, Science Fiction Studies , 22, 3 (1995), 343–56 Gorrara, Claire, ‘Cultural Intersections: The American Hard-Boiled Detective Novel and Early French Roman Noir ’, Modern Language Review , 98.3 (2003), 590–601 Goulet, Andrea, ‘The Yellow Spot: Ocular Pathology and Empirical Method in Gaston Leroux’s Le Mystère de la Chambre Jaune’, Substance , 34.2 (2005), 27–46 Greenman, David J., ‘Dickens’s Ultimate Achievements in the Ghost Story: “To Be Taken with a Grain of Salt” and “The Signalman”’, Dickensian , 85.1 (1989), 40–8 Groller, Balduin, ‘Anonymous Letters’, in Cosmopolitan Crimes: Foreign Rivals of Sherlock Holmes , ed. by Hugh Greene (New York: Pantheon Books, 1971), pp. 232–64 Grossvogel, David I., Mystery and Its Fictions: From Oedipus to Agatha Christie (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979) Gutierrz-Mouat, Ricardo, ‘Borges and the Center of the Labyrinth’, Romance Notes , 21 (1981), 287–92 Halliday, Ron, Edinburgh After Dark (Edinburgh: Black and White Publishing, 2010) Harrington, Ralph, ‘Railway Safety and Railway Slaughter: Railway Accidents, Government and Public in Victorian Britain,’ Journal of Victorian Culture , 8.2 (2003), 187–207 Harrington, Ralph, ‘The Railway Accident: Trains, Trauma and Technological Crisis in Nineteenth-Century Britain’, in Traumatic Pasts: History, Psychiatry, and Trauma in the Modern Age , ed. by Mark S. Micale and Paul Learner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 31–56 (repr. in http:// www.york.ac.uk/inst/irs/irshome/papers/rlyacc.htm.) Henderson, Jan-Andrew, The Ghost That Haunted Itself (Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing Company, 2001; repr. 2008) Holzapfel, Tamara, ‘Crime and Detection in a Defective World: The Detective Fictions of Borges and Dürrenmatt’, Studies in Twentieth Century Literature , 3.1 (1979), 53–71 Houdini, Harry, Miracle Mongers and Their Methods (New York: Dutton, 1922) Hubin, Allen J., ‘Melville Davisson Post’, in The Complete Uncle Abner (San Diego: University Extension, University of California, 1977), pp. 1–12 Hubly, Erlene, ‘The Formula Challenged: The Novels of P. D. James’, Modern Fiction Studies , 29.3 (1983), 511–21 ‘Injuries,’ The Lancet (14th September, 1861), 255–6 Ireland, R. W., ‘“An Increasing Mass of Heathens in the Bosom of a Christian Land”: The Railway and Crime in the Nineteenth-Century’, Continuity and Change , 12 (1997), 55–78 Irving, H.B., ‘The First Railway Murder’ in The Railway Murders: Ten Classic True Crime Stories , ed. by Jonathan Goodman (London: Allison & Busby, 1984), pp. 15–35 Irwin, John T., ‘A Clew to a Clue: Locked Rooms and Labyrinths’, Raritan , 10.4 (1991), 40–57 214 Select Bibliography and Suggested Reading

Irwin, John T., The Mystery to a Solution: Poe, Borges, and the Analytic Detective Story (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994) Jackson, Stanley W., ‘Melancholia and Partial Insanity’, Journal of the History of the Behavioural Sciences, xix (1983), pp. 179–80 Jauss, Hans Robert, ‘Theory of Genres and Medieval Literature,’ in Modern Genre Theory , ed. by David Duff (Harlow: Longman, 2000), pp. 127–47 Joseph, Gerhard, ‘Dickens, Psychoanalysis and Film: A Roundtable’, in Dickens on Screen , ed. by John Glavin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 11–28 Joshi, S. T., John Dickson Carr: A Critical Study (Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1990) Joshi, S. T. and Rosemary Pardoe, eds, Warnings to the Curious: A Sheaf of Criticism on M. R. James (New York: Hippocampus Press, 2007) Kayman, Martin A., ‘The Short Story from Poe to Chesterton’, in The Cambridge Companion to Crime Fiction , ed. by Martin Priestman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003) Keller, Thomas, ‘Railway Spine Revisited: Traumatic Neurosis or Neurotrauma?’ The Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences , 50 (1995), 507–24 Kennedy, J. Gerald, Poe, Death and the Life of Writing (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987) Kenner, Hugh, Paradox in Chesterton (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1947) Kermode, Frank, The Genesis of Secrecy (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1979) Kestner, Joseph A., The Edwardian Age and the Edwardian Detective (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000) Klein, Kathleen Gregory and Joseph Keller, ‘Deductive Detective Fiction: The Self-Destructive Genre’, Genre , 19 (1986), 155–72 Knight, Alanna, Burke & Hare (Kew, Richmond: The National Archives, 2007) Knight, Mark, ‘Chesterton, Dostoevsky and Freedom’, English Literature in Transition , 43.1 (2000), 37–50 Knight, Stephen, Crime Fiction since 1800: Detection, Death, Diversity (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) Knight, Stephen, Form and Ideology in Crime Fiction (London: Macmillan, 1980) Kushigian, Julia, ‘The Detective Story Genre in Poe and Borges’, Latin American Literary Review , 11 (1983), 27–39 Lee, Vernon, Hauntings: Fantastic Stories (New York: Cosmo Classics, 2009) Lellenberg, Jon, and others eds, Arthur Conan Doyle: A Life in Letters (London: Harper Perennial, 2008) Lemay, J. A. Leo, ‘The Psychology of “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”’, American Literature , 54 (1982), 165–88 Lehman, David, The Perfect Murder (New York: The Free Press, 1989) Liebow, Ely M., Dr. Joe Bell: Model for Sherlock Holmes (Madison, Wisconsin: Popular Press, 2007) Linford, Lawrence D., Tony Hillerman’s Navajoland: Hideouts, Haunts, and Havens (Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2011) Select Bibliography and Suggested Reading 215

Little, William G., ‘Nothing to Go On: Paul Auster’s “City of Glass”’, Contemporary Literature , 34.2 (Summer, 1993), 219–39 Lovecraft, Howard Phillips, Supernatural Horror in Literature (New York: Dover Publications, 1973) MacArthur, Sian, Crime and the Gothic: Identifying the Gothic Footprint in Modern Crime Fiction (Faringdon, Oxfordshire: Libri Publishing, 2011) MacDonald, Erin E., ‘Ghosts and Skeletons: Metaphors of Guilty History in Ian Rankin’s Rebus Series’, Clues: A Journal of Detection , 30.2 (2012), 67–75 Macdonald, Ross, ‘The Writer as Detective Hero’, in The Capra Chapbook Anthology , ed. by Noel Young (Santa Barbara, California: Capra Press, 1973), pp. 79–97 Madoff, Mark S., ‘Inside, Outside, and the Gothic Locked-Room Mystery’, in Gothic Fictions: Prohibition/Transgression , ed. by Kenneth W. Graham (New York: AMS, 1989), pp. 49–62 Maida, Patricia D., The Mother of Detective Fiction: The Life and Works of Anna Katherine Green (Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1989) Malloy, Jeanne M., ‘Apocalyptic Imagery and the Fragmentation of the Psyche: “The Pit and the Pendulum”’, Nineteenth-Century Literature , 46.1 (June 1991), 82–95 Matchett, Willoughby, ‘Thomas Griffiths Wainewright, A Notable Dickens Model’, Dickensian , 2 (1906), 33–36 Matus, Jill L., ‘Trauma, Memory, and Railway Disaster: The Dickensian Connection’, Victorian Studies , 43.3 (2001), 413–26 McCaffery, Larry and Sinda Gregory, ‘An Interview with Paul Auster’, Contemporary Literature , 33.1 (Spring, 1992), 1–23 Mengel, Ewald, ‘The Structure and Meaning of Dickens’s “The Signalman”’, Studies in Short Fiction , 20.4 (1983) Merivale, Patricia, and Susan Elizabeth Sweeney, eds, Detecting Texts: The Metaphysical Detective Story from Poe to Modernism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999) Miller, Edmund, ‘Stanislav Lem and John Dickson Carr: Critics of the Scientific World-View’, Armchair Detective , 14.4 (1981), 341–43 Miller, J. Hillis, ‘Ariadne’s Thread: Repetition and the Narrative Line’, Critical Inquiry , 3 (1976), 57–77 Miller, J. Hillis, ‘The Figure in the Carpet’, Poetics Today , 1.3 (Spring, 1980), 107–18 Miller, Owen, ‘Preface’, in Identity of the Literary Text , ed. by Mario J. Valdés and Owen Miller (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985), p. vii–xxi Most, Glen W., and William W. Stowe eds, The Poetics of Murder (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983) Murdie, Alan, Haunted Edinburgh (Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press, 2010) Nealon, Jeffrey T., ‘Work of the Detective, Work of the Writer: Paul Auster’s “City of Glass”’, Modern Fiction Studies , 42.1 (Spring, 1996), 91–110 Nicoll, Allardyce, The World of Harlequin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976) 216 Select Bibliography and Suggested Reading

Norton, Charles A., Melville Davisson Post: Man of Many Mysteries (Bowling Green: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1973) Ostrom, John Ward ed., The Letters of Edgar Allan Poe , 2 vols (New York: Gordian Press, 1966) Orel, Harold, Critical Essays on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1992) Panek, LeRoy Lad, An Introduction to the Detective Story (Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1987) Panek, LeRoy Lad, Watteau’s Shepherds: the Detective Novel in Britain , 1914–40 (Bowling Green: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1979) Penzler, Otto, ‘Collecting Mystery Fiction’, Armchair Detective , 18.2 9 (1985), 152–9 Pettitt, Clare, ‘“The Spirit of Craft and Money-Making”: The Indignities of Literature in the 1850s’, in Patent Inventions: Intellectual Property and the Victorian Novel (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 149–203 Poe, Edgar Allan, Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe , ed. by Thomas Ollive Mabbott, 3 vols (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969) Poe, Edgar Allan, Essays and Reviews , ed. by G. R. Thompson (New York: Library of America, 1984) Poger, Sidney and Tony Magistrale, ‘Poe’s Children: The Conjunction of the Detective and the Gothic Tale’, Clues , 18.1 (1997), 137–50 Pollin, Burton, ‘Poe’s “Mystification”: Its source in Norman Lister ’, Mississippi Quarterly (Spring 1972), pp. 112–30 Pope, Norris, ‘Dickens’s “The Signalman” and Information Problems in the Railway Age’, Technology and Culture, 42.3 (July 2001), 436–61 Porter, Dennis, The Pursuit of Crime (New Haven: Yale University Press 1981) Priestman, Martin, Crime Fiction (Plymouth: Northcote House, 1998) Priestman, Martin, The Cambridge Companion to Crime Fiction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000) Punter, David, The Literature of Terror , 2 vols (Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 1996) Pyrrhönen, Heta, Murder from an Academic Angle: An Introduction to the Study of the Detective Narrative (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1994) Rapaport, Herman, ‘Review: Archive Trauma’, Diacritics , 28.4 (1998), 68–81 Read, Donald, Edwardian England (London: Harrap, 1972) Reilly, John M., ed., Crime and Mystery Writers (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980) Riddel, Joseph N., ‘The “Crypt” of Edgar Poe’, Boundary , 2, 7.3 (Spring 1979), 117–44 Roden, Christopher and Barbara Roden, eds, The Case Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Musgrave Ritual (Penyffordd, Chester: Calabash Press, 1996) Rosmarin, Adena, The Power of Genre (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985) Roth, Marty, Foul and Fair Play (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1995) Select Bibliography and Suggested Reading 217

Roth, Ralf and Marie-Noelle Polino, The City and the Railway in Europe (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2003) Routledge, Christopher, ‘The Chevalier and the Priest: Deductive Method in Poe, Chesterton and Borges’, Clues, 22.1 (2001), 1–11 Russell, Alison, ‘Deconstructing The New York Trilogy : Paul Auster’s Anti- Detective Fiction’, Critique , 13.2 (1990), 71–84 Sayers, Dorothy L., ‘Introduction’, in Tales of Detection , ed. by Dorothy L. Sayers (London: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1940), pp. vii–xiv Scarborough, Dorothy, The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1917) Schehr, Lawrence R., ‘Unreading Borges’s Labyrinth’, Studies in Twentieth Century Literature , 3 (1986), 177–89 Schivelbusch, Wolfgang, ‘Railroad Space and Railroad Time’, New German Critique , 14 (1978), 31–40 Schivelbusch, Wolfgang, ‘The Compartment’, in The Railway Journey: The Industrialisation of Time and Space in the Nineteenth-Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986), pp. 33–44 Seed, David, ‘Mystery in Everyday Things: Charles Dickens’ “The Signalman”’, Criticism , 23 (1981), 42–57 Sellwood, Arthur and Mary Sellwood, The Victorian Railway Murders (Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1979) Simmons, Jack, The Express Train and Other Railway Studies (Nairn: Thomas and Lochar, 1995) Smajic, Srdjan, ‘The Trouble with Ghost-Seeing: Vision, and Genre in the Victorian Ghost Story’, English Literary History , 70 (2004), 1107–35 Smith, Andrew, The Ghost Story 1840–1920: A Cultural History (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2010) Spanos, William V., ‘The Detective and the Boundary: Some Notes on the Postmodern Literary Imagination’, Boundary , 2.1, 1 (1972), 147–68 Spencer, William David, Mysterium and Mystery: The Clerical Crime Novel (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1989) Stavans, Ilan, ‘ Borges: A Life by James Woodall; Collected Stories by Jorge Luis Borges; Andrew Hurley’, Transition , 74 (1997), 62–76 Stockholder, Kay, ‘Is Anybody at Home in the Text?’ American Imago , 57.3 (2000), 299–334 Stowe, William W., ‘Reason and Logic in Detective Fiction’, Semiotics , 6, 2:3 (1987), 370–85 Strout, Cushing, ‘Theatrical Magic and the Novel’, Sewanee Review , 111.1 (2003), 169–75 Sullivan, Jack, Elegant Nightmares: The English Ghost Story from Le Fanu to Blackwood (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press) Sullivan, Jack, ed., The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural (New York: Viking Penguin, 1986) Symons, Julian, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel: A History (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974) Thomas, Ronald R., Detective Fiction and the Rise of Forensic Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999) 218 Select Bibliography and Suggested Reading

Thoms, Peter, Detection & Its Designs: Narrative & Power in Nineteenth-Century Detective Fiction (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1998) Thoreau, Henry David, ‘Wednesday’ in A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (London: Penguin, 1998) Todorov, Tzvetan, ‘The Typology of Detective Fiction’, in The Poetics of Prose , trans. by Richard Howard (New York: Cornell University Press, 1977), pp. 42–52 Todorov, Tzvetan, The Fantastic (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1973) Trowbridge, W. R. H., Cagliostro: The Splendour and Misery of a Master of Magic (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1926) Tytler, Graeme, ‘Charles Dickens’s “The Signalman”: A Case of Partial Insanity?’ History of Psychiatry , 8 (1997), 421–32 Uchiyama , Kanae, ‘The Death of the Other: A Levinasian Reading of Paul Auster’s Moon Palace ’, Modern Fiction Studies , 54.1 (Spring 2008), 115–39 Van Dine, S. S., ‘Twenty Rules for Writing Detective Stories’, American Magazine , September 1928, pp. 26–30 Waisman, Sergio, Borges and Translation: The Irreverence of the Periphery (Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2005) Walker, Joseph S., ‘Criminality and (Self) Discipline: The Case of Paul Auster’, Modern Fiction Studies , 48.2 (Summer 2002), 389–421 Walker, Ronald G. and June M. Frazer, eds, The Cunning Craft: Original Essays on Detective Fiction and Contemporary Literature (Macomb: Western Illinois University Press, 1990) Ward, Maisie, Gilbert Keith Chesterton (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1943) Wells, Carolyn, The Technique of the Mystery Story (Springfield, Mass.: The Home Correspondence School, 1913) Willis, Chris, ‘Going off the Rails: Railways and Crime in Victorian Fiction’ (1998) Wilson, Alan J., Des Brogan and Frank McGrail, Ghostly Tales and Sinister Stories of Old Edinburgh (Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing Company, 2009) Winks, Robin W. and Maureen Corrigan, eds, Mystery and Suspense Writers: the Literature of Crime, Detection and Espionage , 2 vols (New York: Scribner’s, 1998) Winks, Robin W., ed., Detective Fiction: A Collection of Critical Essays (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1980) Wolf, Werner, ‘Illusion and Breaking Illusion in Twentieth-Century Fiction’, in Aesthetic Illusion: Theoretical and Historical Approaches , ed. by Frederick Burwick and Walter Pape (Berlin: Walter de Gruyer, 1990), pp. 284–97 Worthington, Heather, The Rise of the Detective in Early Nineteenth-Century Popular Fiction (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) Wright, Elizabeth, Ps ychoanalytic Criticism; A Reappraisal (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998) Yates, Donald A., ‘An Essay on Locked Rooms’, in The Mystery Writer’s Art , ed. by Francis M. Nevins, jr. (Bowling Green: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1970), pp. 272–84

Index

Adams, Guy, The Breath of God, 186 ‘Ibn-Hakam al-Bokhari, Murdered Allingham, Margery, 8, 10 in his Labyrinth’, 97 Ascari, Maurizio, A Counter-History Botting, Fred, 7 of Crime Fiction, 8, 12, 21, 24, Briggs, Julia, 2, 21, 26, 49, 54, 75, 180, 183 117 Auden, W. H., ‘The Guilty Vicarage’, Brodie, Deacon, 128, 130, 93, 94 134 Auster, Paul, New York Trilogy, The, Brown, Charles Brockden, 115 4, 5, 167 Burke, William, 128, 131, 134, 138–42 Bacon, Francis, ‘Of Revenge’, 52 Burrage, A. M., 49 Baker, John, 186 Baring-Gould, Sabine, Book of Cabell, Richard, 78–9 Dartmoor, A, 70, 76 Carr, John Dickson (pseudonyms– Barr, Robert, ‘The Ghost with the Carr Dickson, Carter Club Foot’, 8 Dickson), 108–26, 186 Barthes, Roland, Sarrasine, 11 Burning Court, The, 122–6, 166, Baudelaire, Charles, 113 186 Bayard, Pierre, Sherlock Holmes Was Door to Doom, The, 110, 119–22, Wrong, 80, 87 125 Bell, Joseph, 130 Hag’s Nook, 186 Bentley, E. C., Trent’s Last Case, Hollow Man, The, 108–9, 119, 122 184 It Walks by Night, 111–14 Blackwood, Algernon, 14, 16, 18, Judas Window, The, 109 20–1, 24, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34 Red Widow Murders, The, 118–19, John Silence, 14, 20, 21, 28, 33, 34, 186 186 Unicorn Murders, The, 186 ‘Nemesis of Fire, The’, 24–30 Chandler, Raymond, 108 ‘Psychical Invasion, A’, 21–4, Chesney, Weatherby, ‘The Horror of 190 the Folding Bed’, 7, 119 Bloom, Clive, 2 Chesterton, Gilbert Keith, 8, 33, Bloom, Harold, The Anxiety of 166, 177, 178, 181–2 Influence, 4 ‘Blue Cross, The,’ 182 Bollas, Christopher, Forces of Destiny, ‘Ghost of Gideon Wise, The’, 8 163 Christie, Agatha, 8–10, 89–107, 166, Borges, Jorge Luis, 49, 90, 97–101, 181–2, 186 107, 126, 167, 181–2 ABC Murders, The, 103–4 ‘Death and the Compass’, 97–9, Body in the Library, The, 93 181 Endless Night, 8, 186 ‘Garden of Forking Paths, The’, 97 Hallowe’en Party, 8

219 220 Index

Christie, Agatha – continued ‘Case of Identity, A’, 31 Mysterious Mr. Quin, The, 89–93, ‘Copper Beeches, The’, 11, 71 97, 166 ‘Crooked Man, The’, 53–5, 57–9, ‘At the “Bells and Motley”’, 94, 62, 183 97 Edge of the Unknown, The, 43, 82, ‘Coming of Mr. Quin, The’, 91, 125 94 ‘Law of the Ghost, The’, 125, ‘Harlequin’s Lane’, 107 160 ‘Man from the Sea, The’, 89, ‘New Light on Old Crimes, A’, 9 104–6 ‘Empty House, The’, 22–3, 68, 71 ‘Shadow on the Glass, The’, 94 ‘Engineer’s Thumb, The’, 71 ‘Sign in the Sky, The’, 94 ‘Final Problem, The’, 68, 71 ‘Voice in the Dark, The’, 106 Firm of Girdlestone, The, 66 Sittaford Mystery, The, 8, 10, 184, ‘Five Orange Pips, The’, 53 186 ‘His Last Bow’, 37, 68 Sleeping Murder, 8, 186 Hound of the Baskervilles, The, 10, Clausen, Christopher, 86 39, 70–88, 182, 184 Collins, Wilkie, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 29, ‘Illustrious Client, The’, 68 66, 119–20, 180 ‘Lion’s Mane, The’, 37 Moonstone, The, 5–6, 29, 83 ‘Man with the Twisted Lip, The, ‘Mrs. Zant and the Ghost’, 14 71 ‘Terribly Strange Bed, A’, 7, 119 ‘Mazarin Stone, The’, 37 Conrad, Joseph, ‘The Inn of the Two Memories and Adventures, 42 Witches’, 7, 119 ‘Missing Three-Quarter, The’, 68 Cooper, James Fenimore, Last of the ‘Musgrave Ritual, The’, 35–43, Mohicans, The, 165 46–8 Cox, Michael, 14, 37, 38, 118 ‘Naval Treaty, The’, 13, 25 Crispin, Edmund, 1, 8 ‘Norwood Builder, The’, 68 The Case of the Gilded Fly, 1 ‘Red-Headed League, The’, 71 Crofton, Sarah, 18–19 ‘Resident Patient, The’, 53, 60–2 Sign of Four, The, 29, 53, 59, 108 Dannay, Frederic, 121 ‘Solitary Cyclist, The’, 71 Davies, Owen, 116 ‘Speckled Band, The’, 22–3, 39 De Quincey, Thomas, 113 Study in Scarlet, A, 18, 24, 52–3 Dexter, Colin, 143 ‘Sussex Vampire, The’, 39 Dickens, Charles, 5, 6, 106, 149 Valley of Fear, The, 53, 62–9 ‘Signalman, The’, 106 Dirda, Michael, 70 Edwards, Owen Dudley, 42 Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 8–12, 14, 36, 40, 42–4, 46, 53–88, 108, Freud, Sigmund, 17, 28, 51, 53, 57, 125, 129, 130, 179–80, 183 59, 132 ‘Abbey Grange, The’, 17 ‘Blanched Soldier, The’, 37 Gaskell, Elizabeth, Gothic Tales, 3 ‘Boscombe Valley Mystery, The’, Genette, Gérard, 129 53 Gilbert, R. A., 14, 118 ‘Brown Hand, The’, 59 Graves, Robert, 155 Index 221

Green, Anna Katherine, 3 James, Henry, ‘Owen Wingrave’, Greene, Douglas G., John Dickson 85–6 Carr: The Man Who Explained Turn of the Screw, The, 147 Miracles, 113 James, Montague Rhodes, 1, 2, 12, 14, 29, 34, 36–41, 44–51, 72, Hawthorne, Nathaniel, ‘Wakefield’, 75, 121, 150, 153–4 3 ‘An Episode in Cathedral History’, Haycraft, Howard, 35, 166, 167 1 Hazlitt, William, 134 ‘Canon Alberic’s Scrapbook’, 37 Heron, E. and H. ‘Casting the Runes’, 37, 187 Ghost Stories, 14, 16 ‘Lost Hearts’, 147–8 ‘Story of the Spaniards, ‘Mezzotint, The’, 54 Hammersmith, The’, 16–20 ‘Mr. Humphries and his Hill, Susan, 8, 54, 146–64, 183 Inheritance’, 187 Betrayal of Trust, The, 147 ‘Oh, Whistle, and I’ll Come to Pure in Heart, The, 146, 156–64 You, My Lad’, 41 Question of Identity, A, 147 ‘Stalls of Barchester, The’, 1 Risk of Darkness, The, 146–7, ‘Tractate Middoth, The’, 37 156–64 ‘Treasure of Abbot Thomas, The’, Shadows in the Street, The, 147 14, 35–9, 48–51, 99 Various Haunts of Men, The, 147, ‘Warning to the Curious, A’, 157 49–51 Vows of Silence, The, 147 James, P. D., Children of Men, The, Woman in Black, The, 146–57, 160, 146 162 Joshi, S. T., John Dickson Carr, 115, Hillerman, Tony, 165–78, 182, 185 122 Ghostway, The, 169, 172–5 Listening Woman, 168–73 Keating, H. R. F., 177 People of Darkness, 185 Kestner, Joseph A., Edwardian Skinwalkers, 168, 175 Detective, The, 1901–15, 109 Hodgson, William Hope, 14, 16, 18, Knox, Dr Robert, 140–2 30–3 Knox, John, 141–2, 143 Carnacki: The Ghost Finder, 30 Knox, Ronald, ‘Decalogue’, 181 ‘Gateway of the Monster, The’, 30, 31 Lang, Andrew, Almae Matres, 127 ‘Horse of the Invisible, The’, 30, Lawrence, Margery, Number Seven, 32–3 Queer Street, 33 ‘House Among the Laurels, Le Fanu, Sheridan, 12, 14, 15, 54–6, The’, 30 60, 66, 85, 116 ‘Searcher of the End House, ‘Account of Some Strange The’, 30 Disturbances in Aungier ‘Thing Invisible, The’, 30 Street’, 60 ‘Whistling Room, The’, 30, 31 In a Glass Darkly, 14–15, 55 Weird Tales, 30 ‘Carmilla’, 15 Hoffmann, E. T. A., 3 ‘Familiar, The’, 55, 58 Housman, A. E., A Shropshire Lad, 146 ‘Green Tea’, 15–16, 22 222 Index

Le Fanu, Sheridan – continued ‘Fall of the House of Usher, The’, ‘Mr. Justice Harbottle’, 15, 60, 111 118 ‘Gold-Bug, The’, 35–6 ‘Room in the Dragon Volant, ‘Murders in the Rue Morgue, The’, The’, 15 4, 19, 24, 39, 90, 95–100, 102, ‘Schalken the Painter’, 85 109, 111, 180–1 ‘Stories of Lough Guir’, 66 ‘Oblong Box, The’, 111 Uncle Silas, 66 ‘Pit and the Pendulum, The’, ‘Utor de Lacy’, 66 111 ‘Watcher, The’, 15, 55–8, 116 ‘Purloined Letter, The’, 96–7, 100, ‘White Cat of Drumgunniol, The’, 104, 180 66 ‘Raven, The’, 110 Lewes, G. H., The Physiology of ‘Tell Tale Heart, The’, 111 Common Life, 13 ‘William Wilson’, 5 Lewis, Matthew Gregory, The Monk, Porter, Dennis, The Pursuit of Crime, 3 167 Linford, Laurance, Tony Hillerman’s Punter, David, 20, 38, 44, 48–9, Navajoland, 175 148, Lombroso, Cesare, 31 Pykett, Lyn, 6 Lönnrot, Elias, Kalevala, The, 98 Pynchon, Thomas, Crying of Lot 49, Lovecraft, H. P., 33 The, 167

MacCulloch, Simon, 153 Queen, Ellery, Queen’s Quorum, MacDonald, Erin, 128 73 Malden, R. H., 49 Marquis de Sade, Donatien Radcliffe, Ann, Alphonse François, 113 The Mysteries of Udolpho, 7–8, 10, Merivale, Patricia, 167, 177 82–3, 115 Rankin, Ian, 127–45 Northcote, Amyas, In Ghostly Black and Blue, 144 Company, 75–6 Black Book, The, 131 ‘Brickett Bottom’, 75 Dead Souls, 128, 132, 136 ‘Downs, The’, 75–6 Falls, The, 128, 132, 138–40, 142 ‘House in the Wood, The’, 75 Hide and Seek, 134 ‘In The Woods’, 75 Knots and Crosses, 127, 130 Mortal Causes, 128, 135–6 Osborn, Albert, 31 Resurrection Men, 140–3 Set in Darkness, 128–9, 135–7 Pearson’s Magazine, 16, 73 Tooth and Nail, 143 Poe, Edgar Allan, 3–6, 8, 12, 20, Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai, Carnaval, 35–6, 39, 66, 90, 95–6, 97, 99, 107 100, 102, 104, 107, 109–14, Robinson, Bertram Fletcher, 73–4, 123–4, 165, 167, 180–1, 187 77–8 Chronicles of Addington ‘Black Cat, The’, 111 Peace, The, 73 ‘Cask of Amontillado, The’, 111, Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Nouvelle 114 Heloise, 102 Index 223

Sayers, Dorothy L., 10 Thomas, Ronald, 31 Scott, Sir Walter, 3, 12, 22, 66, 115, Thoreau, Henry David, 116, 129, 134, 143 ‘Wednesday’, 89 ‘The Tale of the Mysterious Treviranus, Gottfried Reinhold, 98 Mirror’, 3 Treviranus, Ludolph Christian, 98 ‘The Tapestried Chamber’, Trodd, Anthea, 16 3, 22 ‘Wandering Willie’s Tale’, 3 Upfield, Arthur, 176–7 Simpson, Scott, 178 Royal Abduction, A, 177 Spanos, William V., ‘The Detective Sands of Windee, The, 176–7 and the Boundary’, 167 Spark, Muriel, 130 Van Dine, S. S., ‘Twenty Rules for Stevenson, Robert Louis, 128, Writing Detective Stories’, 181 130–1, 134 Veeder, William, 147 Strange Case of Dr. and Mr. Hyde, The, 130 Wakefield, H. Russell, 49 Stoker, Bram, 66 Walpole, Horace, The Castle of ‘The Judge’s House’, Otranto, 3 118 Wells, Carolyn, The Technique of the Strecher, Matthew, 178 Detective Story, 180–1 Swain, E. G., 49 Wells, H. G., ‘The Red Room’, Swedenborg, Emanuel, Arcana 116–18 Cœlestia, 15–16 Whitehead, Barbara, York Cycle of Sweeney, Susan E., 167, Mysteries, 186 177 Wilde, Oscar, ‘Picture of Dorian Symons, Julian, 187 Gray, A’, 85