SEDIMENTOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE LOWER JURASSIC SCOTS BAY FORMATION, BAY OF FUNDY, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA A THESIS PRESENTED BY HASSAN SALEM HASSAN Submittad in partial fuifiilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Geology) at Acadia University Wolfville, Nova Scotia Canada Spring Convocation 2000 O Copyright by Hassan S. 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Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. CONTENTS TABLE CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ LIST OF PLATES ................................... ,... ................................................. LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... AB STRACT ...................................................................................................... xii AC KNO WLEDGEMENT S .............................................................................. CHAPTER ONE: DJTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY .............................................. 1 -2 LOCATION AND ACCESS .............................................. 1.3 METHODS OF STUDY ........................... .. ................... CHAPTER TWO: PREVIOUS WORK ......................................................... CHAPTER THREE: REGIONAL GEOLOGY ............................. .. ......... 3.1 STRATIGRAPHY AND ORIGW OF BAY OF FUNDY ........................................................................ 3.1.1 WolfMlIe Formation ..................... ..... ............. 3.1 -2 Blomidon Formation .............................................. 3.1.3 North Mountain Basalt Formation .................... ... 3.1.4 Scots Bay Formation ............................................ 3.2 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY ............................................. CHAPTER FOUR: STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDMENTOLOGY ............ 4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 4.2 LOWER CONTACT ...................... .... ............................... 4.3 ROCK CLASSIFICATIONS ............................................. 4.4 DESCRIPTION OF STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS ......... 4.4.1 Davidson Cove ..................................................... 4.4.2 East Broad Cove .................................................. 4.4.3 Central Brod Cove .............................................. 4.4.4 West Broad Cove ................................................. 4.4-5 Lime Cove ............................................................ 4.4.6 Woodworth Cove ................................................. 4.5 SEDiMENTARY FACIES AM) DEPOStTIONAL ENVIRONMENTS ........................................................... 4.5.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................... 4.5.2 MARGINAL CHANNEL FACIES ................... .... 4.5.3 Off SHORE FACES ........................................... 4.5.4 NEARSHORE FACIES ....................................... 4.5.4.1 Higher energy nearshore subfacies ......... 4.5.4.1.1Laminate d bioclastic silty sandy limestone unit ...................... 4.5.4.1.2Bioclastic calcareous sandstone unit .............................. 4.5 -4-2 Lower energy nearshore subfacies ......... 4.5.4.2.1 Stromatolitic unit ....................... 4.5.4.2.2 Conglomeratic sandstone unit .................... ... .................. 4.5-4 .2.3 Wakestone-packstone unit .............. 4.5.5 SHORELINE FACIES ....................................... 4.5.6 LACUSTRINE DEPOSTIONAL MODEL ......... 4.5.7 FACES CORRELATIONS ................................ 4.6 CONCLUSION .................................................................... CKAPTER FIVE: DIAGENESIS ....................................................................... 5 .1 IN'ïRODUCTION .............................................................. 5 -2 DIAGENETIC FRAMEWORK .......................................... 5.2.1 Cementation .......................................................... 5.2.2 Replacement ......................................................... 5 .2.3 Dissolution and porosity ....................................... 5.2.4 Recrystallization ................................................... 5 .2.5 Paragenetic sequence ............................................. 5.3 CONCLUSION ................................................................... CHAPTER SIX: CHERTS ...................... ... .................................................. 6.1 iNTRODUCTION .............................................................. 6.2 REPLACEMENT AND AGE ............................................. 6.3 CHERT PETROLOGY ........................................................ 6.4 SOURCE AND CONDITIONS FAVOURLNG SILICA CHAPTER SEVEN:PALEONTOLOGY AM) AGE ...................................... 7.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 7.2 PEVIOUS WORK ...................... .... ..........*.....*.*........-- 7.3 METHODS ......................................................................... 7.4 FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGES .................................................. 7.4.1 Chlorophyta ............................................................ 7 -4.2 Vertebrata .............................................................. 7.4.3 Mollusca ................................................................. 7.4.4 Small Ostracodes .................................................... 7.4.5 Gant Ostracodes .................................................... 7.5 SY STEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY ................................... CIass Bivalvia ................................................................ Genus Nuidtes ....................................................... Naidtes scotsbayensis n . sp................. Class Gast ro poda ................................... ... .................... HMobia sp ............................................ Genus Vahta ......................................................... VuIwta sp ............................................... Genus Gyraulrrs .................... .... ......................... Gyrou/us sp ............................................ Class Crustacea ............................................................. Genus Danvinda .................................................... Danvinula sarytimenensis ................... .. Danvinda aE D . liassîua ....................... ~imlaacadiuemis n . sp ......... ........ Danvida n . sp . 1 ................................. Genus Metacpris ................................................... Metacypris ridgensis n . sp ...................... Genus Tirniriasevia ................... ... ........................ Tirniriusevia aff. T. digiralis ..................... Genus Megawodvorthia n. gen............................... MegawOOdis'orfhia salemi n- sp ................. 7.6 PALEOECOLOGY OF SCOTS BAY OSTRACODES ...... 7.7 AGE OF THE SCOTS BAY FORMATION ..................... CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSION ............................................................ REFERENCES ............................................................................................ LIST OF TABLES TABLE 4-1 Summary of Lithoaratignphic wiits of the Scots Bay Formation . TABLE 4-2 Key symbols ........................................................ ........-.....-... .. TABLE 5-1. Paragenetic table .. .. .. .. .... .. .. TABLE 7-1 Comparative table of five ostracode genera ..... .... ... .. .. .... ... .. .. - TABLE 7-2 Measurements of 3 7 specimens of Naides scotsbuyensis n. sp. .. TABLE 7-3 Measuremmts of 6 specimens of Danvimla stzryinnenensis . .. .. TABLE 74 Meanirements of 10 specimens of Danvimlu a& D. Iimsica .. .. TABLE 7-5 Measurements of 1 5 specimens of Danvimlu aduemis n. sp . .. TABLE 7-6 Measurements of 12 specimens ofMetaqpris r@emis n. sp. .. TABLE 7-7 Measurements of 10 specimms of Tirniriasevia afE T. wtaIis .. TABLE 7-8 Measurements of 24 specimens of Meguwdorthia sulemi n. sp. ............. ....... m.m.mm.mmmmmm.mm.m.m ................................- - .-.. LIST OF PLATES PLATE 1 Stems of charophytic algae ........................................................ PLATE 2 Nuidites scotsbayenris n . sp.................................................... PLATE 3 Gyrmius sp., VQ~VG=Isp., H'obia sp .................................... PLATE 4 Danvimla ai€ D. Iiassica. D . auadiuensi n . sp., D . sta?yîinneml~~ls.S.. sp 1....................................................... PLATE 5 Tirniriasevia ISET. digitah,