From inkpot to iPad – towards an educational centre of excellence Celebrating 30 years of education at the University of Venda Where we are Creating future leaders University of Venda 30 Years · 1982 - 2012 Univen - world class education in a culturally rich ambience Few places in the world offer one a conducive educational environment for the development of body, mind and soul. This happens at the University of Venda, also called Univen, where in a semi-rural and semi-urban area one has access to the comforts and attractions of both urban and rural environments. Univen is situated in the fast growing town of Thohoyandou - meaning ‘head of an elephant’ - in Limpopo, one of the most picturesque provinces of South Africa, on the southern side of the Soutpansberg Mountains. Where does one experience world class education on the doorstep of one of the world’s most popular game reserves, the Kruger National Park? At the University of Venda. The university draws its cultural strength from the Venda, Tsonga and Northern Sotho cultural elements that have for generations been interacting and producing new cultural dynamics in their immediate environments. HOW DID IT ALL START? he University of Venda was established as a branch of the University of Tthe North on 18 February 1981, one of the last universities to be established The origins of “Vendaland’ in South Africa. Vendaland was the last northern frontier to be brought under colonial rule In terms of the South African Black States Constitution Act of 1971 (Act No. in the 1890s. Independent chiefdoms were subjected to a new mode of 1 21 of 1971), university education was specifically excluded. The university had operation since the penetration of the colonial system. Two to three decades a student population of 177 who had completed their first of year study at the before the colonial subjugation, the region was deeply penetrated by University of the North. missionary enterprises of the Germans and Swiss. The Bantu Authorities Act of 1959 played a critical role in matters of To rectify the situation, the then Parliament of the Venda homeland promulgated governance of the interior and later the affairs of homelands. The white the University of Venda Act, 1981 (Act 19 of 1981) on 6 November 1981. establishment of the National Party designated the region a ‘homeland’, a The government made no settlement or establishment grant available for the ‘home’ and the land for the exclusive use of the ‘land’ for the Venda people. erection of buildings and the purchase of essential equipment for smooth Ethnic construction and mobilisation found room to flourish with state operation of a university. support. This implied that Venda people would not have access to any land Univen opened its doors in 1982 in the buildings on the grounds of the Dimani in the republic as their ‘home’. Agricultural High School in the Tshivhase territory. The Ramabulana polity which bought into the National Party vision of Like other historical black universities in South Africa, Univen was established a separate but equal ideology was quick to convert the region into an to serve black people, particularly Venda speaking people. It was intended ‘independent homeland’ under the political and economic jurisdiction of the apartheid system. The apartheid policy saw the flourishing of institutions to be a Venda homeland institution to train and upgrade teachers’ academic separated by race and ethnicity. The neighbouring region in the southern qualifications, to provide an educated elite with managerial skills necessary part of the province in the Capricon District under the Mamabolo polity, for the emergence of entrepreneurs who could establish manpower needs to provided land for the building of the University of the North or Turfloop as assist the development for the Venda homeland in the fields of agriculture and it was called, today known as the University of Limpopo, in the early 1960s. business – “shumela Venda - work for Venda”. From the moment of inception the University of Venda struggled to justify its Venda was also a developing state which needed administrators and civil status among the established similar institutions in South Africa and in the servants. By then civil servants were recruited from the ranks of the teaching neighbouring states. profession. It was felt that specialised training in Law and Public Administration was required for the orderly functioning of the state and society. However, in 2002, the Department of Education in South Africa mandated the institution to transform into a comprehensive university that offers The development of Venda is also reflected in the enormous growth in education career, academic and vocationally focused programmes. Univen has not since its ‘independence’ in 1979. The enrolment for standard ten rocketed from looked back since. 338 in 1979 to 3 202 in 1982. The pioneering years “In 1980 I was in my office and I got a letter from the director-general for the Thohoyandou. Some students who studied at the Bantu Normal College in presidency, Reverend Ndou. He said Ramano Patrick Mphephu wanted to see Pretoria were the nucleus that solidified this idea. me. The University of the North wanted to meet the cabinet. We called all the ministers. I chaired the meeting and the president told them [that] we wanted After this cabinet meeting, a delegation from the University of the North a branch university. We were thinking of a branch University. Turfloop was also visited Venda. The president of Venda read a speech that was prepared and left organising a branch university at Gazankulu.” the chambers while members deliberated on the idea. Nemuzhivhadi says in 2 Venda, once the King has spoken, you do not oppose. So the President read the Dr Nemudzivhadi, Venda government speech and left. More and more students from Vendaland faced frustrating situations “The atmosphere was charged with expressions of ‘ndaa, ndaa, ndaa’ an of admission and regular boycotts far from home. This led to the formation expression denoting ‘yes, yes, yes’ in Tshivenda,” says Nemuzhivhadi. of a pressure group to form a branch of the University of the North in Some influential Venda government officials in the establishment of Univen A task team to look at the logistical issues around the establishment of the was to relocate the school to a different site to accommodate the University of University of Venda was established at Sibasa on 19 September 1980. Venda’s operations. The team consisted of Prof JC Steenkamp, Chairman, Minister ERB Nesengani, The second challenge was the funding of this project. The Venda government Mr JN Ndwambi, Mr EE Maimela and Mr MH Nemudzivhadi of the Venda accepted but this was no mean feat for a state that depended on the South government, Prof MER Mathivha, Mr JT Makhado, Mr JH Conradie and Mr JF African state to provide funding for higher education. Grove. The Venda government had to garner support from elsewhere, for example, a Demarcating the geographical location of the proposed university emerged loan from the Development Bank of South Africa. Univen was not supported as one of the central issues that the task team had to grapple with in the by the apartheid government in the same manner as other South African pioneering years. institutions of higher learning. Many within the Venda government had identified a vacant piece of land on The University of Venda operated as a branch of the University of the North from the Punda Maria road leading to the Kruger National Park. However, they were 1980 till 1981. Its status as a branch of the University of the North changed overtaken by a white trader who intended establishing a brick making project when the Venda government passed the University of Venda Act (Act 19 of and the officials had to look elsewhere. 1981). But around 1972, the Venda department of Education had established the However, lecturers from the University of the North continued helping with Dimani Agricultural School next to the Venda College of Education. The idea curriculum development, intellectual assistance such as assessments of projects and the provision of part-time lecturers. “To all the children of the Republic of Venda, I say, tertiary education you have for long cried for is within reach, make use of all the facilities thereof and enrich yourselves intellectually, socially and culturally.” Venda Minister of Education, 3 Mr ERB Nesengani The majority of students were enrolled for Literature and Arts, Management Sciences and Law and Mathematical and Natural Sciences. The bachelors qualification was configured with a number of modules or courses. The different disciplines took shape as time went on. The Sciences stream offered the generic Bachelor of Science degree. The bachelor’s qualifications formed the basis of most qualifications with some diplomas in education. Around 1985, the faculty of Agriculture was established. Prof Van Ree benchmarked with the Universities of Pretoria, Turfloop and the Witwatersrand. Then followed the faculties of Health Sciences in 1988, Environmental Sciences in 1995 and Graduate and Integrated Studies in 1999. In 1986, most qualifications offered honours and the generic masters and doctoral degrees. The programmes have been continually Dr MH Nemudzivhadi Statue of the late Chief Minister of reviewed to meet current standards. Venda PR Mphephu The winds of change the South African Council of Churches, the South African National Civic Organization and many other external structures were approached to intervene. The intention of the apartheid planners was to make a Bantustan institution, primarily serving the population of the Venda Homeland. Other ethnic groups In 1993 a meeting, later called the Broad Transformation Committee, decided from the surrounding areas were to be admitted only after a quota of Venda- that the Council should be dissolved and the Committee would become the speaking people had been filled.