African American refugees crossing the AMERICAN BATTLEFIELD TRUST Rappahannock River near Remington, Virginia. Courtesy Library of Congress 11 ROAD TO 81 50 522 15 FREEDOM Loyal Quaker and Brave Slave Shenandoah Valley 9 THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Civil War Museum 37 WINCHESTER PURCELLVILLE Fighting for IN CIVIL WAR-ERA VIRGINIA Freedom Loudoun 340 Museum 7 Loudoun County LOUDOUN Emancipation Civil War Trails Site Park 522 255 Association Grounds 15 Historical Highway Marker Monument 11 81 734 340 17 Martin Information or Welcome Center Related Institution 522 Oatlands Buchanan, USCT 28 193 7 50 17 55 123 WASHINGTON, D.C. 50 ALEXANDRIA Third Baptist Galloway 1 Afro-American Methodist 295 Church PRINCESS ST 66 55 Historical Association Church 11 of Fauquier County 234 66 James 50 Freedman’s 95 Robinson Village 15 R House 29 495 42 66 522 55 236 N PATRICK ST N PATRICK ST N WASHINGTON KING ST IVE 81 7 17 Manassas NBP ALEXANDRIA L’Ouverture Hospital (See Inset) and Barracks 123 Burke’s PRINCE ST Woodlawn Lyceum 263 15 Station Methodist Church MANASSAS Shiloh Baptist Church ST S PATRICK Twilight of DUKE ST 220 WASHINGTON Slavery 1 Franklin and Beulah Baptist Church WARRENTON Armfield Kitty Payne Slave Office Luray Valley 211 Alexandria Academy Museum 211 POTOMAC R SPERRYVILLE 294 Dangerfield 42 234 Sister Newby 28 Caroline 229 1 ST S WASHINGTON 15 11 729 Graffiti 95 231 House 81 CHURCH ST 33 11 P Freedman’s A T Cemetery CULPEPER U 495 1 X E HARRISONBURG 17 N 3 T 95 R Newtown I V Cemetery . E 64 T 360 Aquia R Landing Park CHAMBERLA Friends Asylum 15 P for Colored Orphans 33 RICHMOND O LOMBARDY S 659 Moncure YNE A T 33 . Conway VE. T 257 218 O 64 M . 230 95 T T T 276 A Black History 25TH S 340 . 84 42 231 522 FREDERICKSBURG Anthony Burns C T 230 B LEIGH ST. Museum and 5TH S 7TH S 9TH S O R U First African L Cultural Center Fredericksburg and I 2TH S 3 E V Ebenezer CLAY ST. 1 V Baptist Church 29 20 Spotsylvania NMP A E of Virginia R 205 R Baptist MARSHALL ST. 250 23rd USCT at D Church Execution of Gabriel 11 Gilmore ORANGE 33 E BROAD ST. T 250 the Alrich Farm 250 T 256 Farm GRACE ST. Freedman’s Bureau - T 220 MONUMENT AVE. FRANKLIN ST. 2ND S 3RD S Freedman’s Bank Adams-Van Lew House 17 PARK AVE. BEL 33 20TH S E MAIN ST. VE. VIDERE ST 60 KENSINGTON A VE. E CARY ST. This map was produced STUART A 214 Union Army 15 . 5 Enters Richmond in partnership with GROVE AVE. Henry Box Brown 254 608 208 American Civil 42 340 Civil War Trails, Inc. 17 War Museum . R 20 2 301 MAIN ST . 195 33 CARY ST 3 1 IVE 360 95 Richmond VE. 301 R Slave Trail 1 ELLWOOD A S Port Republic Road 22 E 250 Historic District CHARLOTTESVILLE AM 11 95 J 250 John Mercer WAYNESBORO Jefferson School Langston Birthplace 39 64 First Baptist LOUISA 81 Church 151 250 60 39 64 360 42 207 2 Holley 252 33 Graded School 13 208 Henry Box Brown 20 301 15 220 29 522 39 53 33 3 6 64 11 64 56 30 60 151 54 1 6 Gabriel’s Rebellion 17 ASHLAND 64 33 The Fields 60 6 Family 360 311 159 60 11 250 220 56 30 501 20 First Baptist Gabriel’s 60 151 Church Rebellion 295 15 6 Manakin 311 Dahlgren’s Mary Peake 13 219 Cavalry Raid Young’s Spring 43 56 711 288 RICHMOND 81 522 (See Inset) 33 147 249 60 130 60 60 33 29 150 156 273 895 17 295 C 155 24 76 H I C 13 K 26 Fort New Market A Harrison H Heights O 64 PVT. James Richmond Slave Market, 1853, from With Thackeray in America (1893) NBP M I Y 220 501 N Y R I O Daniel Gardner Old City 106 V E R R 288 K Cemetery McDowell A 45 R 42 311 Delaney 604 P 360 95 I James F. P 60 V 43 LYNCHBURG O E Appomattox Lipscomb M R Courthouse NHP 15 A USCT’s at Dutch Gap Fort Camp Davis T 199 221 T Pocahontas Virginia’s historical highway marker 11 460 460 O Historic Point 221 X program began in 1927 and has High Bridge R of Rocks Park 460 I WILLIAMSBURG 38 V 5 erectedC HESAPEAK more than 2,500 markersE 460 642 E 1 581 501 R 301 across the commonwealth. 460 FARMVILLE YORKTOWN Yorktown 83 460 24 Pocahontas Baylor’s Farm National Cemetery BAY 122 Island 31 61 100 24 Petersburg NB 238 J A M I V E Community 708 Corling’s People’s E S R R of Grove 80 419 24 Corner Memorial 47 460 Cemetery 19 PETERSBURG 460 460 220 100 153 156 17 61 221 295 Two USCT 460 16 29 501 Pamplin Historical 627 Park and National Heros 114 11 460 Big Bethel 83 67 77 122 43 Museum of the 40 10 460 15 460 52 42 360 Civil War Soldier 60 625 116 301 31 64 13 11 HAMPTON 80 R 49 (See Inset) O Elizabeth A 40 670 11 N Hobbs 221 220 O Keckley 626 35 K E ATLANTIC 23 72 63 91 R I V E R 40 99 17 James A. 1 258 59 40 Fields House OCEAN 16 42 29 619 60 46 19 52 11 15 360 47 40 8 “Make way for Liberty” James A. Fields 10 664 ALT 81 40 637 40 160 58 501 printed in 1863 137 West Point 85 Cemetery 58 40 49 138 681 258 ALT 11 58 71 264 72 See Southwest 95 ALT 19 264 165 58 Virginia on 92 HAMPTON 464 64 220 608 69 Reverse 634 13 23 91 107 100 708 Mary 351 360 58 52 92 Peake AVE 460 ALT 11 46 ROKE SGT Miles Buckhorn PEMB 58 80 221 E James 421 360 (Ridley's) 47 Dred Scott and Quarter 77 72 71 81 94 15 58 the Blow Family Hampton History 165 21 E 19 Museum 58 8 344 M 604 E 58 360 49 92 60 R 16 58 C 169 58 U 57 360 R The Cuffeytown 421 Y 168 58 B 17 Thirteen 29 LV D 58 148 Patrick Robert 35 Emancipation “Parker” Sydnor 58 Oak Seven Patriot 58 220 58 V E R 58 258 Heroes R I Nat Turner’s 58 32 70 23 58 75 N Insurrection 13 421 A 1 421 221 46 52 614 D 97 301 58 773 58 58 360 58 21 501 221 89 103 220 15 8 Fort 64 Monroe Casemate Museum Breaking the Chains Fighting for Freedom “The Fire of Liberty in Their Hearts” ong before the war that ended slavery, tobacco factory, “mailed” himself by train to ith freedom for all when the war ended, enslaved people were at war with the system Philadelphia in a wooden crate with air holes and “This African Americans finally could satisfy that confined them. They employed various Side Up” painted on the outside. He was known their desire for formal education. Even Ltactics in daily battles for freedom within the thereafter as Henry Box Brown. While he escaped on a beforeW the war, African American teachers such as confines of bondage. Far from being passive, they literal railroad, thousands of others in Virginia and Mary Peake had secretly educated enslaved people. resisted by avoiding work, occasionally rebelling elsewhere slipped away on the “virtual” Underground With the Federal occupation of Fort Monroe in 1861, outright, and self-liberating. They used various Railroad, a network of friends and safehouses that Peake taught openly, first under a tree now called the tactics with some success, to evade work, befuddle guided them north through places like Pocahontas Emancipation Oak, and later in a building at present- enslavers, and otherwise gain small freedoms. Island, a free black village in Petersburg. Some, like day Hampton University, which U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Major rebellions in Virginia included Gabriel’s Brown and Maryland native Frederick Douglass, took Samuel Chapman Armstrong founded as Hampton Conspiracy in 1800 just outside Richmond, and up the pen and published to the world the truths of Normal and Agricultural Institute on April 1, 1868. Nat Turner’s Insurrection in Southampton County slavery: illiteracy; hunger; the separation of spouses and Dozens of white teachers, such as Pennsylvania in 1831. These events increased slaveholders’ fears, children; rapes; whippings; and limited access to Martin Buchanan, born Mennonite Jacob E. Yoder, who taught at a Freedmen’s free to a free mother and however, and hard, restrictive laws were enacted. churches. Their witness helped fuel the white abolitionist Bureau school in Lynchburg, saw their students’ hunger enslaved father, enlisted The Franklin and Armfield Slave Jail in Alexandria movement. Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom’s Cabin) for learning driven by “the fire of liberty in their hearts.” in the 2nd U.S. Colored and the Lumpkin’s Slave Jail (“Devil’s Half Acre”) was a white novelist who thinly fictionalized slavery’s Ten soldiers in their wagons near Hopewell, Virginia. Troops at age 19. African American political leaders emerged and African Burial Ground sites in Richmond help human toll in a book that reached millions. Courtesy Library of Congress Courtesy Ryan Pettit (artist) during Reconstruction. John Mercer Langston, commemorate the ordeal of enslavement.