NYASA DISTRICT BASELINE REPORT 2013 - REVISED INTERGRATING POVERTY-ENVIRONMENT-GENDER OBJECTIVES IN DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR ACCELERATING ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Prof. A.V.Y. Mbelle (Ph.D) 2013 Department of Economics; University of Dar es Salaam i Diversity of economic opportunities Meagre catch of sardines and Rice irrigation in Ngindo Hotel construction at Kilosa fish Mhalo beach Environmental challenges Defiance? Evidence of fire Processing of sardines “dagaa” Heavy fishing at river despite the forbiding notice Ruhuhu mouth Opportunities Sun drying dagaa Livestock keeping - Kilosa Butchery at Mbamba bay ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS i List of Tables Iii List of Figures Iv Abbreviations and Acronyms V Acknowledgement Vii Executive summary Viii I BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1 II NYASA DISTRICT: GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 5 III PEOPLE, POVERTY AND ENVIRONMENT 11 IV NYASA DISTRICT PRIORITY SECTORS FOR POVERTY ERADICATION 17 V NYASA DISTRICT PRIORITIES IN EACH PRIORITY SECTOR 18 VI NYASA DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND BUDGET 22 VII NYASA DISTRICT HUMAN RESOURCES, TOOLS AND COORDINATION 26 MECHANISMS FOR MAINSTREAMING POVERTY REDUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES STRATEGIC PLAN AND BUDGETS IN THE SECTORS OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERY AND FORESTRY VIII WOMEN AND YOUTH PARTICIPATION/INVOLVEMENT IN PLANNING 30 AND BUDGETING IN AGRICULTURE, FISHERY AND FOREST SECTORS IN NYASA DISTRICT IX KEY GEOGRAPHICAL SITES (VILLAGES OR AREA/LOCATION IN A 31 VILLAGE) IN THE DISTRICT FOR IMMEDIATE ACTIONS /INTERVENTIONS IN AGRICULTURE, FISHERY AND FORESTRY FOR ACHIEVING “BIG RESULTS NOW” iii X SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTEGRATING AND 32 IMPLEMENTING POVERTY-ENVIRONMENT NEXUS IN NYASA DISTRICT XI PROPOSED POVERTY-ENVIRONMENT BASELINES, TARGETS AND 35 INDICATORS X11 CONCLUSION 39 REFERENCES 40 ANNEXES 43 1. Examples of Poverty-Environment Nexus 43 2. Generic Output and Impact Framework 44 3. Statistical Analyses Results 45 TABLES Table Description Page 1.1 Nyasa District: Selected Population Characteristics, 2012 4 2.1 Results - Nyasa District: Main and Secondary Activities, 2013 6 2.2 Results - Nyasa District Sources of Income 2013 6 2.3 Nyasa District Residents Who Applied for NMB Loans at Mbinga Branch 9 3.1 Results: Average Monthly Income in Nyasa District, 2013 (TShs) 11 3.2 Results - State of forestry environment in Nyasa compared to about three 13 years ago 3.3 Results: Causes of Deterioration in forestry environment, Nyasa 13 3.4 Results - State of forestry environment in Nyasa compared to about three 14 years ago 6.1 Nyasa District Financial Report 2013/14 25 iv 6.2 Table 6.2: Nyasa District Budget Allocation to Poverty-Environment- 25 Gender and Climate Change Initiatives 2013/14 7.1 Nyasa District - Economic Tools Applied to Support Strategic Planning on 27 P-E Mainstreaming 7.2 Nyasa District – Budgeting and Expenditure Processes 28 10.1 Results: Nyasa District - Recommended Interventions in Agriculture 32 10.2 Nyasa District - Recommended Interventions in Fisheries 33 10.3 Results: Nyasa District - Recommended Interventions in Forestry 33 11.1 Nyasa District Objectives, Baselines, Targets and Indicators 35 FIGURES Figure Description 1.1 Nyasa District Council 3 v ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BRN Big Results Now CC Climate Change CCM Chama cha Mapinduzi CMT Council Management Team CSC Capacity and Sustainability Centre LGMD Local Government Management Database MCB Mbinga Community bank MDG Millennium Development Goal MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework NAIVS National Agricultural Inputs Voucher System NBFI Non-bank Financial Institution NGO Non-Governmental Organization NMB National Micro Bank O&OD Opportunities and Obstacles to Development PEI Poverty Environment Initiative SACCOS Savings and Credit Cooperative Society TASAF Tanzania Social Action Fund UNEP United Nations Environmental Management Programme URT United Republic of Tanzania UTT Unit Trust of Tanzania PFM Participatory Forest Management VICOBA Village Community Banks vi WDC Ward Development Committee (WDC) vii Acknowledgement Production of this report was made possible with the support of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Dar es Salaam Local Office which funded the field work. The Department of Economics, University of Dar es Salaam ably serviced the work. Special thanks go to Nyasa District Commissioner, Hon. Ernest N. Kahindi and Nyasa District Development Director, Mr. Nunduma for their utmost support and guidance during field work. District technocrats were exemplary in the areas of their expertise in providing the required information. Mr. Komba went the extra mile in compiling these reports. In same vein, the candidness and openness of respondents deserves special mention. Mr. Hilmar Tilia provided valuable support during field work with Economist Jerome Maganga Ndomba handling both field logistics and actual co-administration of interviews. The support of the two is greatly acknowledged. While those acknowledged helped shape this report, errors and omissions remain mine. Prof. A.V.Y. Mbelle December 2013 viii Executive summary Introduction and background The overarching objective of this report is to present baseline information that aims at establishing current status and future targets, milestones and indicators to measure and assess poverty- environment-gender nexus in Nyasa District, Tanzania; with a view to improving development planning in terms of ability to integrate poverty-environment-gender objectives for sustainable economic development. The expectation is that District capacities to mainstream and implement environmental sustainability, poverty reduction, gender and climate change linkages into district and sector development plans will be enhanced, starting with agriculture, forestry and fishery as well as develop financial mechanisms. Poverty –Environment Indicators are used in order to facilitate the development of tools for integration of environment into development plans and budget processes as well as assisting in monitoring the linkage between bio-capacity and human poverty. It is worth noting that when the environment is degraded by 1%, poverty increases by 0.26% (Capacity and Sustainability Centre and United Nations Environmental Programme, 2007). General Economic Socio condition The livelihoods of the majority of Nyasa inhabitants revolve around Lake Nyasa. The main preoccupation of Nyasa residents is agriculture (65.5 percent) followed by fishing (17.2 percent) and employment (10.3 percent). The three main sources of income are agriculture (69 percent of respondents), followed by employment and business (10.3 per cent each). Nyasa District is poorly served with financial infrastructure. There is no single commercial bank, nor non-bank financial institution (NBFI). There are no special considerations for women nor are there facilities for environment or climate change in the financial infrastructure. People, Poverty and Environment Residents of Nyasa District view being split from relatively wealthy Mbinga as an opportunity and not a pointer to harder times to come. Nyasa is one of the poor districts in Tanzania. According to 2012 estimates, the per capita income was Tanzanian Shillings 660,000 per year, below the national average of TShs 995,931 (about United States Dollars 628.9) per year, in same year. By 2013 per capita income estimates, about 41.4 percent of Nyasa district inhabitants have incomes below the national average. At minimum, about 10 percent of Nyasa district population is basic needs poor. About T.Shs 421,244,520 (USD 263,278) per month in cash transfers is needed to restore the population of Nyasa district in poverty, to the basic needs poverty line. ix The main environmental challenge is deforestation which has led into multiple negative consequences. District priorities The main priorities for Nyasa District are Agriculture, fishery, forestry and environmental conservation. Other priority areas are ICT, physical infrastructure, education and financial services. District priorities in each priority sector In Agriculture the priorities were spelt out to be irrigation agriculture, transforming agricultural pattern from subsistence farming to commercial farming, introduction of new cash crops and construction of warehouses. The priorities that were delineated in Fisheries are boat building; modern fishing gear, fish market and deepening value chain (such as through acquisition of cold storage facilities). In forestry, the key priorities are establishing tree nurseries, and planting of trees; as well as promoting bee keeping. Community radio and information centers are the key ICT priorities. In education, improving and strengthening education by constructing special primary and secondary schools and dormitories for girls. In addition provision of education institutions beyond secondary level (to Vocational Education and Training centers, colleges and institutions of higher learning). District Development Plan and Budget Nyasa District does have a Strategic Plan and a Development Plan with both having incorporated poverty, environment and gender objectives. The district (LGA) budget includes resources and activities for achieving poverty reduction and environmental conservation objectives. A Monitoring and Evaluation plan exists, and it includes indicators for poverty, environment and gender. The years/dates of the key planning and budget tools are: Strategic Plan(s): 2011/2012 - 2015/2016 Development Plan(s)2014/2015-2018/2019; Budget: 2013/2014 – 2014/2015 and M&E 2013/2014