Vol. 58 No. 4 APRIL 1953 Threepence Notes of the Month Custos Stalin South Place Concerts Rosemary Hughes Church and State S. K. Ratcliffe The Left Tradition Archibald Robertson The Functions and Duties of a Psychologist Today T. II. Pear Conway Discussion Circle Book Reviews South Place News Society's Activities • SOUTH PLACE ETHICAL• SOCIETY SUNDAY MORNING MEETINGS AT ELEVEN O'CLOCK April 5—EASTER. CLOSED. April I2—S. K. RATCLIFEE—"The Brontb Story" Violin and Piano Solo by MARGOT MAGG1BBON and FREDERIC JACKSON Sonatina in A minor, Op. 137, No. 2 .. .. Schubert . Hymn: No. 22 April 19—ARCIIIBALD ROBERTSON, M.A.—"Can We Love Our Enemies?" Soprano Solos by STELLA LEON Is Aria from "Allegro" .. Handel Wind's \Volt Artlutr Benjandn Hymn: No 25. April 26—JOSEPH McCABE—"Forecasts of the Future" Bass Solos by G. C. DOW MAN Sweet chance that led my steps abroad .. .. Michael Head Silent worship .. Mudd Hymn: No. 103 QUESTIONS AFTER THE LECTURE Admission FMe Collection SOUTH PLACE SUNDAY CONCERTS. 62nd SEASON Concerts 6.30 p.m. (Doors open 6 p.m.) Admission Is. April 5—NO CONCERT. April 12—ALEI`H STRING QUARTET. LEONARD CASSINI. Haydn in F, Op. 3, No. 5, "Serenade"; Bartok No. 4 String Quartets Dvorak Piano Quintet. April 19—RONTGEN STRING QUARTET. Mozart in A. K.464; Fijper No. 4; Beethoven in A minor, Op. 132. In association with the Arts Council April 26—MUSICIANS' BENEVOLENT FUND CONCERT. PETER GIBBS STRING QUARTET. Mozart in G. K.387; Schubert in A minor ; Beethoven in E flat, Op. 74. Officers Hon. Treasurer: E. J. FAIRHALL Hon. Registrar: hies. T. C. LANDSAT Conway Hall, Red Lion Square, W.C.1 Secretary: DEC IOR I IAWTON The Monthly Record is posted free to Members and Associates. The annual charge - -to- subscribers .is 4s.... 6d...Matter...for..publication. in the May issue ould reach the Editor, G. C. Dowman, Conway Hall. Red Lion Square, W.C.1 by • April 10. The Objects of the. Society are the study and dissemination of ethical principles and the cultivation of a rational religious sentiment. Any person in sympathy with these objects is cordially invited to become a Member . (minimum annual subscription is 10s.), or Msociate (minimum annual subscription 5s.). Associates are not eligible to vote or hold office. Enquiries should be made of the Registrar to whom subScriptions should be paid. The MONTHLY RECORD Vol. 58 No. 4 APRIL 1953 Threepence CONTENTS PAGE NOTES OF I HE MONTH, Custos . 3 STALIN 6 SOUTH PLACE—A HOME OP CHAMBER MUSIC, Rosemary Hughes .. 7 CHURCH AND STATE, S. K. Ratcliffe 11 THE LEFT TRADITION, Archibald Robertson .. 13 THE FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES OE A PSYCHOLOGIST TODAY, T. H. Pear 15 CONWAY DISCUSSION CIRCLE 16 BOOK REvIEWi • .. S SOUTH l'I.ACE NEWS 20 SOCIETY'S ACT-PITIES 22 The views expressed in thls journal are not necessarily those of the Society. Notes of the Month In the absence of a full memoir of i. A. Hobson, the most valuable tribute to this distinguished South Place lecturer was paid by Mr. H. N. Brailsford six years ago. It was in the series of Hobson's memorial lectures, ten of which appear in a volume published by the Oxford University Press. Mr. Brailsford, writing as a long-time colleague, makes a masterly analysis of Hobson's original contribution to economic thought, follows him in the wide range of his work, and presents the man himself in his warm personal traits. His mind was never at rest; "there was no limit to his disciplined curiosity." Hobson, he recalls, was first of all a creative critic, a rationalist and humanist, bringing a courageous mind to the prob- lems of government, of wealth and welfare. He held economics to be the science of welfare. From the time of his first book he was looked upon as a heretic, mainly because of his conviction, which he never abandoned, that capit4lism involved ruinous combination of over-saving, by the privileged classes, and under-consumption by the multitude, and that the "classical" 3 economists had erected a defensive outwork of the system. Many years had to pass before he began to make important converts. Mr. Brailsford reminds us that Hobson's Imperialism (1902) takes rank with the most influential books of the half-century. It contained an impressive forecast of the wars and of the efforts, since 1919, towards the building of world security. The Finaly Case • Kidnapping is not entirely restricted to the other side of the Iron Curtain, as the Finaly orphans case shows. Two Jewish children were placed in the care of Mlle. Brun during the war. They were baptised and educated as Catholics; and when, subsequently, relatives in Palestine traced them, and sought their return, it is alleged that Mlle. Brun made out false identity cards with the connivance of various Catholic boarding schools to which they were sent. Lastly, to defeat the court order that the children should be restored to the surviving members of their father's family, they were smuggled across the Basque frontier into Spain. Anti-clerical opinion in France is naturally indignant; and Catholics arc perturbed by the arrest of six priests, two Mother Superiors, and three lay persons. The Cardinal Arch- bishop of Lyons, Primate of the Gauls, has solemnly called upon anyone possessing knowledge about the whereabouts of the orphans to give it to the police. The Spanish Government (as might be expected) disclaims all official knowledge and has so far taken no steps to discover where the chil- dren are now concealed. And despite the Archbishop's appeal, there is a tendency to treat the arrested nuns and priests as martyrs. • The Ethics of Ahduction As everyone knows, the Catholic Church believes that children baptised into its communion come under its jurisdiction. In the days of the Inqui- sition Jews who had been baptised were liable to receive the extreme penalty if they were found guilty of apostasy or heresy; whereas, obviously, an un- baptised person, not being a Christian, cannot be either an apostate or a heretic. According to the Dictionary of Canon Law (Vol. 11, col. 141) Bene- dict XIV declared that a newly baptised child should be taken from non- Christian parents so as to be brought up in the correct faith. The dictionary describes this separation as "absolutely indispensable ... the Church, too, is a mother—She cannot leave the baptised exposed to the danger of apostasy." The famous Mortara case, in which Pius IX ordered that a child secretly baptised should be taken from its parents — this, in fact, being done — is mentioned with approval. In the Finaly case attempts are being made on these lines to justify the abduction. There is, of course, no doubt that Mlle. Brun, who once saved the children's lives, is now sincerely concerned to save their souls. The documents made public by the Finaly family's lawyer, Maitre Lambert, show that Mlle. Brun had obstructed the efforts of the children's relatives to recover them from 1945 onwards by every means in her power, and that she was fully aware of the desire of the family to bring them up in the Jewish religion when she had them baptised in 1948. But it would be a mistake to think that this disquieting affair has sprung merely from the obstinacy and fanaticism of a few honest but misguided individuals. Their attitude has the powerful sanction of Catholic casuists and sharply focuses the arrogant pretensions of Rome. The question is being handled at the highest level—M. Bidault has discussed it with the Pope. But it is not easy to see how the children can be recovered from the Spanish convent in which thcy are presumably hidden, or what the distracted judiciary will do about priests and nuns who would rather go to prison than allow the orphans to revert to the faith of their parents. 4 Persecution of Protestants At a time when the Catholic Press everywhere is in full cry against alleged religious persecutions in -.I tigoslavia the curious case of Pastor Caliandro exposes the hollowness of the Catholic championship of tolerance. Caliandro ran an evangelical institute near Naples for lapsed priests. He is a United States citizen, and because of his activities he has been ordered to leave Italy. He has asserted that any one moment about 10 per cent, or about 6,000 Italian priests and friars, can be considered as lapsed. All his life he has been interested in the fate of such people, and at his institute he gave a two- years' course to enable them to readjust their lives. Catholic Action has stirred up a fanaticism on this issue that is never far below the surface of the Italian scene. According to its daily paper Quotidiana, "the Protestant penetration in Italy can only be countered by a wider and deeper Christian teaching"—the implication being that Protestants do not give Christian teaching. It demands that the Government should take action against Protestants in Italy. gThe presumption that Italy can be evangelised offends Italian Catholics. The Government should know this, and if this unpopular truth causes the non-fanatical to twitch their noses, let them stuff their nostrils with Liberal-Democratic cotton waste." It is not a big step from religious to secular totalitarianism, and we have been warned. Prayers in Russia The most surprising part of the demonstration at the death of Stalin was not the day and night march of the multitudes past the coffin, but the flock- ing of the multitude to prayer. It is fair to assume that the massive display in the Red Square was in some degree due to •Party loyalty and discipline, but there would seem to be only one explanation of the people's return to the practice of public prayer.