UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLIC MAGAZINE ISSUE 15 WINTER 2016DIPLOMACY SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA publicdiplomacymagazine.com PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA EDITORIAL POLICY EDITORIAL BOARD Authors interested in contributing to Public Diplomacy Magazine should contact PUBLIC DIPLOMACY MAGAZINE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF PRODUCTION the editorial board about their proposals. SEEKS CONTRIBUTIONS FOR Sarah Valeria Salceda Nick Salata, Chromatic. Inc Articles submitted to Public Diplomacy EACH THEMED ISSUE BASED Magazine are reviewed by the editorial SENIOR EDITORS FACULTY ADVISORY BOARD board, composed entirely of graduate ON A STRUCTURED SOLICITA- Nastasha Everheart, Managing Editor Nicholas J. Cull, Director, students enrolled in the Master of Public TION SYSTEM. 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Fitzpatrick, Professor, Associate Dean for Graduate Programs and Research School Public Diplomacy Magazine is a publication School for Communication and Journalism. of Journalism and Mass Communication, Florida International University of the Association of Public Diplomacy Its unique mission is to provide a common Eytan Gilboa, Professor of International Communication, Bar-Ilan University Scholars (APDS) at the University of Southern forum for the views of both scholars and Howard Gillman, Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor, University of California, Irvine California, with support from the USC Center practitioners from around the globe, in order to Guy Golan, Associate Professor of Public Relations/Public Diplomacy, S.I. Newhouse School on Public Diplomacy at the Annenberg explore key concepts in the study and practice of Public Communications, Syracuse University School, USC Dana and David Dornsife College of public diplomacy. Public Diplomacy Magazine Cari Guittard, Principal, Global Engagement Partners, Adjunct Faculty, Hult IBS and USC of Letters, Arts and Sciences School of is published bi-annually, in print, and on the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism International Relations, and the Annenberg web at www.publicdiplomacymagazine.com Markos Kunoalakis, President and Publisher Emeritus, Washington Monthly William A. Rugh, US Foreign Service (Ret.) Crocker Snow, Edward R. Murrow Center for Public Diplomacy, Tufts University Nancy Snow, Professor of Communications, California State University, Fullerton Adjunct Professor, IDC-Herzliya Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy & Strategy; ABOUT APDS Adjunct Professor USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism The USC Association of Public Diplomacy and related felds in pursuit of professional Abiodun Williams, President, Hague Institute for Global Justice Scholars (APDS) is the nation's frst development, and cultivate fellowship and Ernest J. Wilson III, Dean of USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, student-run organization in the feld of camaraderie among members. Founder of Third Space Institute public diplomacy as a practice and study, For more information, please visit provide a forum for dialogue and interaction www.pdscholars.org. among practitioners of public diplomacy CULTURE PUBLIC-PRIVATE GOVERNMENT 1 WINTER 2016 | @PD_Mag WINTER 2016 | @PD_Mag 2 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CULTURE PUBLIC-PRIVATE GOVERNMENT 3 WINTER 2016 | @PD_Mag WINTER 2016 | @PD_Mag 4 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTRODUCING OUR LETTER FROM WINTER 2016 ISSUE: “PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN THE EDITOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA" ISSUE 15, WINTER 2016 This issue of Public Diplomacy and others have adjusted their public Magazine showcases public diplo- diplomacy eforts in response. macy in Africa: its practice and pos- In this issue, we present case sibilities. It is our frst frst region- studies highlighting both the suc- al issue, and one that we hope will cesses and failures of public diplo- serve as a starting point for further macy eforts in Sub-Saharan Africa. dialogue about the continent. We feature pieces on various forms The remnants of colonization of flm diplomacy, the NBA’s sports have created a popular conception diplomacy, and an examination of of Africa as a continent ravaged by China’s public diplomacy eforts in poverty, starvation, and war; a re- sub-Saharan Africa, among other gion consistently being aided by the key examples. wealthy West. However, the twenty We would like to thank the frst century has seen a grand stand USC Center on Public Diplomacy, the against this impression. The forma- USC Dornsife School of Internation- tion of the African Union in 2001 al Relations, and the USC Master of sought to combat misconceptions Public Diplomacy program for their about the region and take a stand continued support and shared in- against inefectual Western aid pro- terest in our mission. We would also grams. In 2010, President Barack like to express our deepest gratitude Obama’s Young African Leader’s Ini- to all of the authors for their con- tiative formally recognized the need tributions; it is with their help that for dynamic and diferent involve- we are able to help further the study ment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Many of and interest in public diplomacy. non-proft agencies, government aid programs, and non-governmental agencies have since begun to refocus their missions to rebuf the view of a “helpless Africa.” These are two Sarah Valeria Salceda examples among many that demon- Editor-in-Chief strate how African nations have be- gun demanding that the world looks at them diferently and how the U.S. CULTURE PUBLIC-PRIVATE GOVERNMENT 5 WINTER 2016 | @PD_Mag WINTER 2016 | @PD_Mag 6 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TABLE OF CONTENTS 08 52 67 83 CULTURE PUBLIC - PRIVATE GOVERNMENTAL BOOK REVIEW & & DIPLOMACY PARTNERSHIP DIPLOMACY ENDNOTE 08 Ethiopian Diaspora Fellowship 33 Film & Cultural Diplomacy: 57 Building A Sustainable Africa: 77 British Military & Public Diplomacy: Harnessing the The Nollywood Case An Interview with Diplomacy in Nigeria Power of Diaspora Millennials for Ethiopia Hope Obioma Opara Jennifer Burney by Sarah Chung & James Hall Rediate Tekeste & Meseret Hailu Bret Schafer 38 Igbo, Nollywood, & Diplomacy: 15 Basketball Diplomacy in Africa: The Role of the Igbo in Nollywood 63 Open Africa 83 Democratic Transitions: An Interview with Amadou Gallo Fall by Uchenna Onuzulike Claire Allison Conversations with World Leaders Bret Schafer A Excerpt Review Amanda Lester 46 Images of Empowerment: 68 They Will Have to Kill Us First: 20 Framed: Representations of the Women Taking Charge An Infographic Western Imagination of Africa Jonathan Torgovnik Leah Takele An Introduction to Crisis Kathryn Mathers 87 Diplomacy: Justifying Paul Kagame: Genocide, Trauma, Historical The Ulwazi Program: Chinese Public Diplomacy in Gastrodiplomacy in Sub-Saharan 52 70 Memory and Public Diplomacy 27 A Model for Public Participation Africa, an Interview with Wilbert Jones by Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenging Douglas Becker Jung Hwa-Kang & Erica McNamara through Digital Technology & our Ideas of Public Diplomacy Cross-Cultural Exchange Cobus van Staden Niall and Grant McNulty CULTURE PUBLIC-PRIVATE GOVERNMENT 7 WINTER 2016 | @PD_Mag WINTER 2016 | @PD_Mag 8 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CAN THE VAST ETHIOPIAN DIASPORA IN AMERICA INTRODUCTION diaspora and Ethiopia. BE ACTIVATED TO SERVE AS A BRIDGE When exploring the various DIASPORA DIPLOMACY BETWEEN THE U.S. & ETHIOPIA? diplomatic eforts between Sub-Saharan UTILIZES INDIVIDUALS Africa and America, the infuence of the RESIDING OUTSIDE OF THEIR African migrants within the United States ORIGINAL HOMELAND FOR A CASE STUDY ON ETHIOPIAN-AMERCANS RETURNING TO THEIR HOME of America cannot be overlooked. Diaspora COUNTRY FOR SERVICE-ORIENTED PROJECTS WITH THE 501(c)3 diplomacy