European Spatial Data Research December 2009 Detection of Unregistered Buildings for Updating 2D Databases by Nicolas Champion NEWPLATFORMS - Unconventional Platforms (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) for Remote Sensing by Jurgen Everaerts Official Publication No 56 The present publication is the exclusive property of European Spatial Data Research All rights of translation and reproduction are reserved on behalf of EuroSDR. Published by EuroSDR Printed by Gopher, Amsterdam, The Netherlands EUROPEAN SPATIAL DATA RESEARCH PRESIDENT 2008 – 2010: Antonio Arozarena, Spain VICE-PRESIDENT PRESIDENT 2009 – 2011: Dieter Fritsch, Germany SECRETARY-GENERAL: Kevin Mooney, Ireland DELEGATES BY MEMBER COUNTRY: Austria: Michael Franzen Belgium: Ingrid Vanden Berghe; Jean Theatre Croatia: Željko Heimovi; Ivan Landek Cyprus: Christos Zenonos; Michael Savvides Denmark: Thorben Hansen; Lars Bodum Finland: Risto Kuittinen; Juha Vilhomaa France: Jean-Philippe Lagrange; Xavier Briottet Germany: Dietmar Grünreich; Klement Aringer; Dieter Fritsch Iceland: Magnús Guðmundsson; Eydís Líndal Finnbogadóttir Ireland: Colin Bray, Ned Dwyer Italy: Carlo Cannafoglia Netherlands: Jantien Stoter; Aart-jan Klijnjan Norway: Jon Arne Trollvik; Ivar Maalen-Johansen Spain: Antonio Arozarena, Francisco Papí Montanel Sweden: Anders Olsson; Anders Östman Switzerland: Francois Golay; André Streilein-Hurni United Kingdom: Malcolm Havercroft; Jeremy Morley COMMISSION CHAIRPERSONS: Sensors, Primary Data Acquisition and Georeferencing: Michael Cramer, Germany Image Analysis and Information Extraction: Juha Hyyppä, Finland Production Systems and Processes: André Streilein-Hurni, Switzerland Data Specifications: Ulf Sandgren, Sweden Network Services: Mike Jackson, United Kingdom OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS: Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG) Publications Officer: Andreas Busch Richard-Strauss-Allee 11 60598 Frankfurt Germany Tel.: + 49 69 6333 312 Fax: + 49 69 6333 441 CONTACT DETAILS: Web: www.eurosdr.net President: [email protected] Secretary-General: [email protected] Secretariat: [email protected] EuroSDR Secretariat Faculty of the Built Environment Dublin Institute of Technology Bolton Street Dublin 1 Ireland Tel.: +353 1 4023933 The official publications of EuroSDR are peer-reviewed. Nicolas Champion: "Detection of Unregistered Buildings for Updating 2D Databases" .................... 7 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ 9 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 9 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................. 11 2.1 Description of Datasets .................................................................................................. 11 2.1.1 The Marseille Test Area ........................................................................................ 11 2.1.2 The Lyngby Test Area .......................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 The Toulouse Test Area ........................................................................................ 12 2.1.4 The Reference Building Database......................................................................... 13 2.2 Evaluation Procedure ...................................................................................................... 14 3 METHODS DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Method of Champion, 2007 ............................................................................................ 15 3.2 Method of Matikainen et al., 2007 .................................................................................. 16 3.3 Method of Olsen and Knudsen, 2005 ............................................................................. 17 3.4 Method of Rottensteiner, 2008 ....................................................................................... 18 4 RESULTS, EVALUATION AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................... 20 4.1 The Marseille Test Area ................................................................................................ 21 4.1.1 Method of Champion (2007): Outcomes and Discussion ..................................... 22 4.1.2 Method of Matikainen et al. (2007): Outcomes and Discussion ........................... 23 4.1.3 Method of Rottensteiner (2007 and 2008): Outcomes and Discussion ................. 23 4.1.4 Summary – Marseille ............................................................................................ 25 4.2 The Lyngby Test Area ................................................................................................... 25 4.2.1 Method of Matikainen et al. (2007): Outcomes and Discussion ........................... 25 4.2.2 Method of Olsen and Knudsen (2005): Outcomes and Discussion ....................... 26 4.2.3 Method of Rottensteiner (2008): Outcomes and Discussion................................. 28 4.2.4 Summary – Lyngby .............................................................................................. 29 4.3 The Toulouse Test Area ................................................................................................ 29 4.3.1 Method of Champion (2007): Outcomes and Discussion ..................................... 30 4.3.2 Method of Rottensteiner (2008): Outcomes and Discussion ................................ 30 4.3.3 Summary – Toulouse ............................................................................................ 31 5 OUTCOMES ANALYSIS AND OVERALL FINDINGS ............................................................ 32 5.1 Impact of the Size of a Change ....................................................................................... 32 5.2 Impact of the Quality of the Input Data .......................................................................... 32 5.2.1 Impact of DSM ...................................................................................................... 32 5.2.2 Impact of the DTM ................................................................................................ 34 5.3 Impact of the Other Topographic Objects in the Scene .................................................. 35 5.4 Impact of the Primitives Used in the System .................................................................. 36 6 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................. 38 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................................................... 39 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 39 A TEST OF 2D BUILDING CHANGE DETECTION METHODS: COMPARISON, EVALUATION AND PERSPECTIVES................................................................................................43 A TEST OF AUTOMATIC BUILDING CHANGE DETECTION APPROACHES............................49 Jurgen Everaerts: “Unconventional Platforms (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) for Remote Sensing” ............................................................................................................................. 57 ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... 59 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 60 1 UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS ......................................................................................... 61 1.1 System, not aircraft ......................................................................................................... 61 1.2 Classification .................................................................................................................. 63 1.2.1 Based on size, mass and performance .................................................................. 63 1.2.2 Based on certification potential ............................................................................ 65 1.2.2.1 Light UAS – Class I ...................................................................................... 66 1.2.2.2 Light UAS - Class II ..................................................................................... 67 1.2.2.3 UAS under EASA regulation ........................................................................ 68 1.2.2.4 Balloons ........................................................................................................ 68 1.3 UAS evolution in the past 6 years .................................................................................. 68 2 THE LEGISLATIVE PERSPECTIVE .......................................................................................... 71 2.1 ICAO .............................................................................................................................. 72 2.2 EASA .............................................................................................................................. 73 2.3 EUROCONTROL .........................................................................................................