Stark, B.P., B.C. Kondratieff, J.B. Sandberg, B.A. Gill, C.J. Verdone, and A.B. Harrison. 2015. Sierraperla Jewett 1954 (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae), distribution, egg morphology and description of a new species. Illiesia, 11(02):8-22. Available online: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia11-02.pdf http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CCD1B510-CED0-4701-AD61-94A988DB02D2 SIERRAPERLA JEWETT, 1954 (PLECOPTERA: PELTOPERLIDAE), DISTRIBUTION, EGG MORPHOLOGY AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES Bill P. Stark1, Boris C. Kondratieff2 John B. Sandberg3, Brian A. Gill2, Chris J. Verdone2, and Audrey B. Harrison4 1 Department of Biology, Box 4045, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, 39058,U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 3 Aquatic Bioassessment Lab,CDFW - CSUC Research Foundation, 233 Holt Hall, 1205 W 7th St., California State University, Chico, CA 95929-0555, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The genus Sierraperla Jewett is reviewed and a new species, S. tolowa is recognized. Data supporting recognition of the new species include scanning electron microscopy of egg chorion, adult external terminalia, morphology of internal male genitalia, adult pigment patterns, and DNA barcodes (cytochrome c oxidase I; COI). Keywords: Plecoptera, Peltoperlidae, Sierraperla, egg morphology, scanning electron microscopy, COI gene, cytochrome c oxidase I, DNA barcodes, new species INTRODUCTION later given full generic rank by Illies (1966) and has Sierraperla was proposed by Jewett (1954) as a remained monotypic, with S. cora (Needham & subgenus of Peltoperla, primarily on the basis of Smith 1916) the only recognized species. The type “…shape and location of the gills…” and locality for this species is given as “Reno, Nevada” “…additional details…” of the larval stage. by Needham & Smith (1916), but the holotype Sierraperla larvae differ in these characters from female was the only specimen known from Nevada those of Yoraperla, in which the sole species had until Richard L. Bottorff recently collected larval been placed by Ricker (1952). The subgenus was specimens in Douglas Co. and confirmed larval Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 11 – Number 2 – Page 8 Stark, B.P., B.C. Kondratieff, J.B. Sandberg, B.A. Gill, C.J. Verdone, and A.B. Harrison. 2015. Sierraperla Jewett 1954 (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae), distribution, egg morphology and description of a new species. Illiesia, 11(02):8-22. Available online: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia11-02.pdf records from other sites in Douglas Co., collected Much of the material for this study was by personnel of the Nevada Division of collected on the following expeditions to California Environmental Protection (Bottorff, personal and Oregon. communication). Needham & Claassen (1925) gave the first California record based on 14 adults July 1979: B. Stark, K.W. Stewart collected at Shasta Springs by C.L. Fox and E.P. May 1982: Stark, D. Zeigler Van Duzee, and Jewett (1954, 1960) gave records April 1987: B. Stark, R.W. Baumann, C.R. Nelson from five California counties (8 total sites) based on June 1991: B. Stark, R.W. Baumann, C. Henderson 17 specimens. Little additional data have appeared May 1998: B. Stark, C.R. Nelson, S.W. Szczytko, for Sierraperla, but Stark & Stewart (1981) examined I. Sivec, R. Bottorff specimens from Oregon (no specific locality given) May 2001: B. Stark, K.W. Stewart, J.B. Sandberg and California, in addition to the Nevada holotype, June 2004: B. Stark, R.W. Baumann and provided a synopsis of generic characters, and May 2007: B.C. Kondratieff, R.W. Baumann Stewart & Stark (1988, 2002) presented a larval June 2009: B. Stark, B.C. Kondratieff, J.B. Sandberg, habitus prepared from a specimen collected at S.W. Szczytko, R.W. Baumann, A.B. Harrison Wrangle Camp in Jackson Co., Oregon. Nelson & May 2014: B. Stark, B.C. Kondratieff, J.B. Stark (1987) reported three additional specimens Sandberg, C.J. Verdone, A.B. Harrison from California and Stark et al. (2008) reported 22 specimens from six sites in the Warner Mountains Larval specimens were hand-picked, usually of northeastern California. Stark & Stewart (1981) from wood in splash zones and preserved in 95% included three scanning electron microscopy ethanol or placed in cups of stream water and kept images of eggs taken from specimens from the Big on ice until they could be placed in rearing Spring, Mt. Shasta City Park, California facilities. Adult specimens were hand-picked from population. Zeigler & Stewart (1985) provided stream-side vegetation, or collected on beating details of the drumming signals from members of sheets and preserved in 75-80% ethanol. the same population, and Stewart & Stark (1988, Tissue samples from 46 specimens of larval 2002) suggested a probable semivoltine cycle with Sierraperla, one adult male Soliperla campanula extended emergence for the Sierraperla at that (Jewett 1954), and one adult female Yoraperla locality. Sandberg (2011) revised the Sierraperla mariana (Ricker 1952) were sent to the Canadian interval pattern from monophasic to varied beat- Centre for DNA Barcoding (CCDB) for sequencing. interval and detected differences between the Mitochondrial COI sequences (DNA barcodes) signals collected by Zeigler & Stewart (1985) and were uploaded to the Barcode of Life Database those collected by Sandberg (2011) from Butte (BOLD; Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007; Creek, California. http://www.boldsystems.org) to the dataset “DS- In this study, we examine egg morphology and SIERRA” which has been made publicly available. male genitalic structures for additional Sierraperla Additional sequences for Yoraperla brevis (Banks) populations in order to test the monotypic status (Process IDs: ABSTO026-09, ABSTO027-09, for the genus. We also present the first DNA ABSTO031-09, ABSTO032-09, BBEPT023-10) were barcodes, and compile published and unpublished downloaded from BOLD and included in our records in order to more precisely define the analysis. All sequences were aligned using distribution and relative abundance of the genus. MUSCLE (Edgar 2004) in MEGA6 (Tamura et al. Results from these studies suggest the presence of 2013). Estimates of genetic distance (divergence) a second species represented by the southern were calculated among specimens using the Oregon and northwestern California populations Kimura-2-parameter model (Kimura 1980) with a that we describe below. pairwise deletion option. Genetic distances at COI among individuals of the same stream insect MATERIALS AND METHODS Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 11 – Number 2 – Page 9 Stark, B.P., B.C. Kondratieff, J.B. Sandberg, B.A. Gill, C.J. Verdone, and A.B. Harrison. 2015. Sierraperla Jewett 1954 (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae), distribution, egg morphology and description of a new species. Illiesia, 11(02):8-22. Available online: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia11-02.pdf Figs. 1-6. Sierraperla cora eggs. 1. Anterior pole entire egg, Bendorf Spring, El Dorado Co., CA. 2. Detail of anterior pole, same location. 3. Anterior pole entire egg, Domingo Spring, Plumas Co., CA. 4. Detail of anterior pole, same location. 5. Anterior pole entire egg, Butte Creek, Butte Co., CA. 6. Detail of anterior pole, same location. Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 11 – Number 2 – Page 10 Stark, B.P., B.C. Kondratieff, J.B. Sandberg, B.A. Gill, C.J. Verdone, and A.B. Harrison. 2015. Sierraperla Jewett 1954 (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae), distribution, egg morphology and description of a new species. Illiesia, 11(02):8-22. Available online: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia11-02.pdf species are typically low (usually < 2-3%), whereas Young University, Provo, UT those among individuals of different species are CSUC C.P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State much higher (> 2-3% usually ~ 10% for congeneric University, Fort Collins, CO species; Hebert et al. 2003, Sweeney et al. 2011, JBSC John B. Sandberg Collection, Paradise, Zhou et al. 2009), thus allowing us to delimit CA putative species by examining levels of divergence JJLC Jonathan J. Lee Collection, Eureka, CA at COI among specimens. Mean intraspecific and RLBC Richard L. Bottorff Collection, South interspecific genetic distances were estimated for Lake Tahoe, CA all taxa. Egg samples were dissected from gravid RESULTS AND DISCUSSION females, cleaned with fine forceps and dental brushes, placed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 15-30 Sierraperla cora (Needham & Smith) seconds, removed to acetone and attached to (Figs. 1-16, 33) specimen stubs with double stick copper tape. Stubs were sputter coated with gold-palladium Peltoperla cora Needham & Smith 1916:86. Holotype ♀ and examined with an Amray 1810D scanning (Museum of Comparative Zoology), Reno, [Washoe electron microscope. Eighteen stubs with 5-12 eggs Co.], Nevada each were examined from 13 sites and more than Peltoperla cora: Needham & Claassen, 1925:172, in part 150 individual SEM images were collected for Peltoperla (Yoraperla) cora: Ricker, 1952:156 analysis. Egg diameter was estimated based on the Sierraperla cora: Jewett, 1954:170. Partial larval average of the length of two diameters taken description through the long axis and