International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 3, (2020), pp. 11132 - 11138 Comparative Study of Eel Fish (Anguilla bicolor) Mineral Levels in The Yellow Eel and Silver Eel Phase from Lake Poso Jamaluddin*1, Dian Safitri1, Agustinus Widodo1 1Department of Pharmacy, Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Faculty,Tadulako University. Indonesia-94118 *E-mail: [email protected], E-mail:[email protected], E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Minerals are organic nutrients that play an important role in the physiological processes of the body, mineral source can be obtained from Eel fish (Anguilla bicolor) which is known to have a high nutritional content. This study aims to determine the levels of macro minerals and micro minerals of Eel fish from Lake Poso in the yellow eel and silver eel phase. Sampling is done by Purposive sampling technique by choosing the samples among of population according to the desired of researchers, based on the type of weight, size and location of capture. Type of samples taken are eel fish (Anguilla bicolor) in Yellow eel phase (aged 5 - 10 years of length ≤ 30 cm – 60 cm) and Silver eel phases (aged 10- 20 years ≤500 cm to 1.6 m) by using an Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed that the mineral content of Eel fish (Anguilla bicolor) in the yellow eel phase was calcium ie 10684.17 mg/kg, phosphorus 5935.13 mg/kg, potassium 1357.37 mg/kg, sodium 654.37 mg/kg, magnesium 342.27 mg/kg, zinc 20.67 mg/kg, and manganese 5.623 mg/kg and silver eel phase namely calcium 3793.30 mg/kg, phosphorus 2976.47 mg/kg, potassium 1507,745 mg/kg, sodium 619.04 mg/kg, magnesium 234.90 mg/kg, zinc 23.90 mg/kg, and manganese 1,800 mg/kg. Significantly difference of minerals are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and manganese. Keywords: Mineral levels, Eel Fish, Anguilla bicolor, ICP-OES Introduction Eel fish is a fishery commodity that has important economic worth in an international trade marketespecially to export purposes, therefore the utilization rate tends tends to increase every years [1]. Currently there are 22 species of Eel fish found in the world and 9 species are found in Indonesia, namely Anguilla borneensis, A.nebulosa, A. cebesensis, A. bicolor pacifica, A. megastoma, A. interioris, A. obicura, A. bicolor bicolor, and A. mormorata[2]. Distribution of eel fish in Indonesia throught the length coast of Sumatera, south Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, waters of Sulawesi, Maluku to Papua[3]. The existence of Eel fishs in Sulawesi waters is found in several regions, namely the waters of Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi[3]. In Central Sulawesi, the presence of Eel fish is abundant, especially in the Poso region, this condition supported by the deep Tomini Bay and extensive inland waters, namely Lake Poso[4]. Eel fish have a high nutritional content, such as vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, D, protein albumin, DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) commonly known as omega-3, as well as some other minerals[5]. Like vitamins, proteins and omega-3, the body also needs minerals to maintain the balance of acids and bases in the ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 11132 Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 3, (2020), pp. 11132 - 11138 body, and plays an important role in the growth and maintenance of bones, teeth and other body tissues[6]. Based on research conducted by Saparinto et al. [7] on milkfish the results testing obtained of calcium ie 20 mg/kg, phosphorus 150 mg/kg, iron 2 mg/kg, fish cork obtained of calcium ie 62 mg/kg, phosphorus 175 mg/kg and iron 0.9 mg/kg. Other research was also carried out byHafiludin[8] Milk fish obtained of calcium 37,677 mg/100g, Mn 0,058 mg/100g, Fe 0,327 mg/100g, Zn 0,806 mg/100g, K 311,505 mg/100g, Ca 53,647 mg/100g, Cu 0,036 mg/100g, and Na 70,657 mg/100g. Further research conducted by Jamaluddin, et al [9] on the yellow eel phase of wet meat Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) from Palu river and Lake Poso obtained are potassium respectively are 1,519 mg/kg and 1,360 mg/kg; magnesium 203 mg/kg and 179 mg/kg, zinc 11.2 mg/kg (Palu river), strontium 1.32 mg/kg (lake Poso) and mercury 0.129 mg/kg (Palu river). Based on a view of study described that different types of fish provide different content and level of minerals. Based on this description, the researchers are interested in conducting a comparative study mineral levels of Eel fish species Anguilla bicolor in yellow eel and silver eel phase. Anguilla bicolor was chosen because data or scientific publications for this type of Eel fish mineral levels have not been found. In addition, there are two types of Eel fish that are widely cultivated in Poso, namely A. marmorata and A. bicolor, where A. marmorata has carried out a mineral comparison study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials The main material used in this study were Eel fish (Aguilla bicolor) in the Yellow Eel and Silver Eel phase from Lake Poso, concentrated nitric acid (HNO3), Be 1 μg/L, Co 1 μg/L, In 1 μg/L, Ba 1 μg/L, Pb 1 μg/L, Th 1 μg/L, and U 1 μg/L and aquabidest. Samples Technique The samples used were from Lake Poso, sampling was carried out using purposive sampling method is a sample determination technique by choosing a sample among the population according to what the researcher wanted, ie based on the type of fish.The types of samples taken were Eel fish (Aguilla bicolor) in Yellow Eel and Silver Eel phase from Lake Poso[10]. Samples Preparation The sample is cleaned first, then in fillets and blended until homogeneous and place in a clean container and closed, than stored in the freezer until it's time to be analyzed. Destruction is carried out with wet deception using a microwave digestion device. The stage of deception is that each sample is carefully weighed ± 0.5 grams and then inserted into the vessel. Added 5 ml of concentrated HNO3, the vessel is inserted into the protection shield, then closed until tight. The vessel is fed into microwave digestion, then connected to a temperature sensor, the sample is destruction for 15 minutes at 150ºC. After the destruction process complete, cooled in room temperature. The resultant solution was collected into a 50 ml volumetric flask and added to aquabidest until the boundary markers[9]. Analysis Procedure Qualitative tests use the method of screening elements on ICP-OES devices with an external standard solution in which the standard solution serves to determine the concentration of the elements to be analyzed. An external standard solution is called "smartune" which contains Be 1 μg/L, Co 1 μg/L, In 1 μg/L, Ba 1 μg/L, Pb 1 μg/L, Th 1 μg/L, and U 1 μg/L. The samples were analyzed by ICP-OES, screening elements were ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 11133 Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 3, (2020), pp. 11132 - 11138 carried out based on the mass of the identified minerals, namely the mass number susceptibility between 6 to 240 nm. Quantitative tests, calibration using each of the elements tested are Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, P, K, Na, and Zn. the sample that has been digested is taken 25 ml and put into a hose on the ICP-OES device for analysis. The test uses a quantitative method which will be seen from each mineral mass measured [9]. Results and Discussion The results of mineral content testing that has been carried out show that the mineral content of Eel Fish (Anguilla bicolor) in yellow eel and silver eel phase from Lake Poso shows 8 types of mineral elements which can be seen in the Figure 1. 12000 10684.17 10000 8000 5935.15 6000 Mineral Levels Levels (mg/kg) Mineral 3793.30 4000 2976.42 1507.745 2000 1375.37 654.73 342.27 Yellow Eel 23.90 619.04 0.565 5.623 234.90 1.800 20.67 0.545 0 Zinc (Zn) Potassium (K) Sodium (Na) Magnesium Copper (Cu) Calcium (Ca) Manganese Phosphorus Silver Eel (Mg) (Mn) (P) Figure 1.The results of mineral content testing that has been carried out show that the mineral content of Eel Fish (Anguilla bicolor) in yellow eel and silver eel phase from Lake Poso The results of the mineral content testing that has been carried out show that the mineral content of Eel fish (Anguilla bicolor) in yellow eel and silver eel phase from Lake Poso is found in 7 types of minerals, which can be seen in the Table 1. ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 11134 Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 3, (2020), pp. 11132 - 11138 Table 1. The results of the mineral content testing that has been carried out show that the mineral content of Eel fish (Anguilla bicolor) in yellow eel and silver eel phase from Lake Poso Levels (mg/kg) No. Minerals Significant Yellow eel Silver eel 1 Calcium (Ca) 10684,17 3793,30 0,020* 2 Phosphorus (P) 5935,15 2976,42 0,025* 3 Potassium (K) 1375,37 1507,645 0,044* 4 Magnesium (Mg) 342,27 234,90 0,015* 5 Manganese (Mn) 5,623 1,800 0,014* 6 Sodium (Na) 654,73 1507,745 0,222 7 Zinc (Zn) 20,67 23,90 0.075 Remarks: significant value P<0.05, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the levels of minerals in Eel fish (Anguilla bicolor) in yellow eel and silver eel phase Eel fish have a high nutritional content, namely vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, D, protein albumin, DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) commonly known as omega-3, and some other minerals[5].