REPORT FROM GREECE Under the Junta Th~ hold ο( Grett~'ι military dicιaιot· aπesιed for inιu l ιing ι nφreιenιatiνe of ιhip on ιhe average Greek citizcn mighι theregime,condemningthecouporoιher becomp;ιrcdtoιheeffccιofachokecol· sudι offcnκ:s. But ιhey haνe been held lar on a dog. The coloneb hold the leuh onlybrieλya.ndthenrτleaιed..lnoneνίl· carefully-therepfe$$ion,ιhecontrolι:ιre lage in ιhe nonhwcιt corner ol thc roun· ιhcre-buι thc lcash ίι so Jong thaι it ίι try, for cxample, a mercha.nt was aπeιted nοι felι until someonc forgcιι and sιepι for ca.Jling thc ncw junta-appointed mon· 1 1 archoftheproνinccaιhicf,inthe h eatol ~:ι f~~ :~ί~ί~:ίν~Π::::~~~ ~cι i':ιι~:ι~z;ιί: a debaιe with fcllow v ill agcrι. Hc was aπcιιed, imprisoncd for a monιh and Theregimcha.sanunuιuallygoodιenιe then tried and ιcquitted. The purposιcof of when to pull and when ιο give reίn sudι a.rreιu ίι to cut olf opcn σi t ici5Π1 AιthefuneralofthelaιcPrtmier~ by mating the threa.ι of impriιonment Papand~.ιhejunιadidnotuιeiu rcalin cveryvillagc. Pcoplearemadc a.n fιιll policc powcr ιο κatιer ιht: huge example ol, and ιhen frecd ιο crea.tc ιhe crowd thaι had gaιhered.. Had it done ιο , imprcssion ιhattheregίmeiιnoιarbitrary andoppresιiνebuιcapablcofcompu­ ~e::~~~Ion:~~<ιt ha;~uι':u~νefu= sion and even juιticc. These aπesu are lιard ιο put down. Βuι when ιome newι­ μapers ιriedalitιlecriticismofιhertgime ~~~er~~e b~~~~C:~~~: ι::~a7::ί~~~ afιer direcι cen50nhip was l ifιed recenιly, m uπisu. I nmanyofιhcsameνillagcsdur­ thc coloncls made sure the papen ne,·er ing the Greck. ciνil war of Ι !Μδ-<jg, Com­ reachedthecounιryside. munist gucrτillaι exκuted aι many aι a Thecolonelshaνcgonetogreaιlengthι dozen people forσitίώing them or their ιomakeiιclcarthaι ιheywill not ιoleraιe meιhoώ . (ΑΙ! ιold 57·383 Greelι civilians ~nopposiιio n ιoιheirrule,butιhey wcrckilled by ιheguerrilluand 68-ι.&η haνebecncarefulnotιomalιesuchleιιons driven from their homes.) ln ιhe villagc ιopainfulorιodn.matic ιhat ιheyincίte wherc ιhc merdιanι waι arτesιed, thc even greaιer opposition. l n a number of Communistιin Ι!)48publidyexecu ιedfi~ areasintheproνinceι,peoplehaνebecπ penonι, including ιwο womcn, and pilcd ιheirbodiesinagully . Jncomρarison,the Ο NICHOLAS GAGE ίι a journaliιt whoιe junta's treaιmenιolthe mcrchant did not work. haι appeared in ύlc Nf:W Yor.\ Timtι s«m oppressiνe tohis fe:Jiowvillagers, but Magαtin c ,ιbeιltlαnιicandιheNf:WLtadcr. He raιherrestrained . Oncnid,"Jwouldr.ιther :,• aι:"~: ~=~b~:~~ ~eai: ~%:r~~Yn ;r;· havethcjιιnιa forahundrcdyeanthanto haνeιhosebastardsbac:k.foroneday" ing a bοοΙι on Greeι:e. EUAS KULUKUNDIS. Knowing ιhc depιh of ιuch feelings., ιlιc an American cίιί~η. cuπcnι 1 yreιidl!'l in J..on. mainιain νillagcs ιhat don. Ηiι faιhN- in - law, George Mylon ι ι, wa ι rolonelsstill in the ιheir inιervenιion on Apήl ι ι, ι96'7, k.ept :~~~: . o:,~~~~~~~n~~ . ';~e ;a:::oo~ rιιν; Greccc from falling to thc Communiιι.. Fcαιu of Mtmory alιhoughinιheciιiestheyfi.ndithardto 475 justify ιuch a line, and now ιay ιhaι they tiny(populationι54)Cretanνίllageof saνedthecounιryfrompolίιicalchaos A~hia Parask.eνi, and Nikolaos Makar· lt is in ιhe νillages of Gr«ce that the ezos, the minister of coordinaιion, comes junιa enjoyι iu sιrongesι public ιupporι, fromaνillagein tlιePeloponnemscalled and for good reasons. The goνernm enu Graνia, which has a romparatiνely large ιh:ιι ran Greece before the coup concen­ populationof6ιspeople.lnsuchνil· ιraιedondeνeloping:ιndexpandingιhe lages women do not ιmoke, wear makeup cίιies,neglecιi ngιheνillagesontheιheory or speak to a man who is ηοι a close ιh:ιι mosι Greelι.ι were le:ινing them for relaιiνe except ιο .ι-ay good morning or meυopoliι:ιn area.s :ιnyw:ιy. Th e junt:ι has good evening. The colonels sιill hold gone ιο ιome pains ιο redreu this im­ tightly ιο many of ιhe νa lu es ιhey knew b:ιl:ιnce.lιincre:ιsedpensίonsforagri­ in such νillages, and Greelι.ι stillliνing in cultur:ιl workers, which were ιhe lowest ιhecountry.5ίdeadmireιhemforit in Grcccc. lt c:ιncelled ιhe ouuι:ιnding Deιpite attitudes in ιhe rural areas, lo:ιns of :ι.ΙΙ f:ιnners, :ι moνe highly cήti· howeνer, the regime is sυongly opposed cizedbyeconomisubuιroundly:ιppl:ιuded 0 inιhecounιryside.Jι :ιccelerated pro­ ~~d~:~ι~eu:ι~:~s. ~t ~:7nkΊ;; ~~i~s c~~:ι gr:ιmsofelecιrification:ιndroadconstruc · ιion . Pianιareunderway,forinstance,to ~η ~:~~~~~~~~yin· ι~~heC:~:~~Όι~:: build ιhe longest highway in Grcccc citiesweremoνingrapidly ιoward a Euro- acr0$5 ιht""rural northem section οί ιh e country. The highway will stretch from ~:n c~l~~;~le haa~: s:~~~e:ιrd ~~: ~~~~~~~~~ down and ίη some cases stopped it al­ ~~~ni:r:e~ ~~e iι:::~:~ . ~o~:U~~~ togeιher. The slowdown ο( the economy haνearguedthatthereisnotenough and ιhe drop in ιourism that followed moνement in this area tojustify the $150 their arήνal has lowered ιhe incomes of million thaι will be spent on ιhe road, manyGreekιbyasm uch as thirtyperc e nt. but ιhe junta seems deιennined ιο go Inaddition,thou.ι-andιofpeoplehaνebeen aheadwiththeproject. dismissed from ιh e ir jobs becauιe they There is another, perhaps equally sig­ were considered unfτiendly ιο the regime. nificant,rea.sonthecolonel5arestrongly supported in the νillages. They were born wJι~ ~~m~:~n~::S:ι:~~ ι:~ιisi~ ~~: andbroughtupini.solatedνillagesand countryandarousedagreaιdealofcontro­ the puήιanical me:ιsures they haνe tried νeny. Almost all ofιhe playsproduced in ιο enforce ιhroughouι Greece e pitomiκ Aιhens last season were reνίνals or im· the νalues of such νillages. The colonels poru and there haνe not been any sig· mayseemold·fashionedandfoolish ιour· nificantboolι.ιpublishedinGreecesincethe banGrecks when ιhey are expoundingon colonelι seized power. Because of the sucheνi l ιasminiskiruand beardsorsuch repuιaιionofιhejuntaabroad,therehas νirtuesaschurchattendanceeverySun­ been little c ulιural communication with day. buι ιhey .appear strong and wise to the resι of Europe. The Athens Festiνal. rural Grecks. "The closest analogy to ιhe which has feaιured some of the best per­ kind ο( people the colonels rome from is formers in ιhe world in past summen, the poor whites in λmeήca who support did not boast one major name last year. George Wall:ιce," says aπ λmeήcan edu­ Arisιoιle Onassis tήed to penuade Mar­ cator who has liνed in Greece for many got Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyeν to per· yean. Premier Papadopoulos, who grew fonnatthefestiνal,andιheirappearance upinasmall Peloponnesianνillagewhich waι widely publicized in adν a nce, but now has a populaιion of 28ο people, is considered upper-classbyιheoιherofficen who staged ιhe coup because his father was ιhe νillage schoolteacher. Stylianos P:ιtakos, the deputy premier, is from the ~~~3~~2~~k~~\~:τ.s UPOR.T FΙLOM GRUcr;: UNDEJι ΤΗΕ JUNYλ :~~~~~~~~~~?:~Ξη~ :~~1:~:~~~~~:~::~1;=:~~; Circulaιion of G~k newιpapen ίι at ιheaιιadatourairpon ." ιiιι:ιy peπ:enι of ιhe level ~~~ ιhe coup "There muιt bt ιome misιakc ," ιhc Sixpa~ιtoppedpubliιhίngafterιhc editorιaid."Wccan'ιrunasιoryabout ιakeoνcr; thc crypto-Communisι ones an aιιadandnotgiνc ιhcrcason fO!'it. were banned and ιhc publiιherι of ιhc He musι mean ιhey don't wanι uι ιο othen refused ιο publiιh under cenιor· ιmph;uize ιhc shooιing aι our airpon. ιh i p. Qιll him baclι ιnd ask him to repeat ιhc n~:ccdOc:': i;aι 1 ~·f:cιhjι~0 ~ ;~~ ~~:ι:oι:~~=-~~:.w::i5~~:~1 Ja~~~ lifιing ρrαι cenιonhip. Αι ιhc same ιime , ''I had ίι right ιhc finι ιimc, and hc w:un't r=~n i:u~~~edιh~::sdl~:~!ptli~n: ~= ~~:" ~~ ~~~\~~ :~d-;~ control almoιt aι tighι aι beforc. Thc re- been an atιack of any \:.ind at our air­ gimehaιpublishcdarodeolιoι aτticleι port. For ιonight ~ should juιt forgct designed to "cleanse'' th~ presι. Sιories w~ have an airport." that th~ junta feels undermine public We asked ιhe editor how he felι work­ confidence in ιheeconomycould bringsix ing undtt such condiιions. ''Whaι can monthι impriιonment undtt ιhe code you do?"' he said. "The only option you Ediιors coηvicιed of inciting sedition, as haνe isnot ιowork aι all.Jι is ηοι much ~~/:~: ::o~~.ldJ:t ~~~k~:~ of ::r:~on~: mosι desιructive inιerνen- ιh~ junιa'ι philoιophic.al reuoning for ιion of ιhe regime has becn in educaιion making ίι so hanh. "Severiιy," he said, The Greek educaιional ιyιt~ waι anach­ "is the moιhtt of justice and lreedom." roniιtic and in ad~ua ιe ιο lxgin wiιh, Wh~n ccnsonhip was in forc~. ~ven buι ιh~ colon~lι have puιhed iι even papttι supponing ιhe rqime had to fol- further into ιh~ ιunnel. 'Ύoung Peopl~ low th~ censor'ι commands, as w~ wit- of Greece, ιhe Rtvolution Ιι for Y-ou" nesιedonenightwhileviιitingιheofficesof proclaim s ignι on highwayι l~ading out Elήthnoι Koπnos. Ιι was Deccmber ιg, of Ath~n ι. Βuι in iu educaιional policy ιg68, th~ day Isra~l retaliated to an Arab ιh~ regim~ ~ms prinιarily interest~d in ι~rrorisu' attack on an ΕΙ ΑΙ jet in Athens makiπg ctttain thaι th~ young people ol airpon by launcbing a h~licoρter raid on Greece are for ιhe revolution. Hundred.s an airport in Beirut. w~ w~re ιίιιίng wiιh of ι~achen and profes$0rs considered un­ on~ of the papeτ'ι editors wh~n his assisιanι frieπdly ιο ιhe regim~ have becn diι­ came inιo ιhe office carry:ing a piett of pa- miιsal. All ιhc othen have ~n reQuίred per wiιh a ΙίJι οι ιhorιhand mesuμs οιι ίι. ιο ιubmit dcιailed hiιιories, cφ~cially on ''"Thc Ccnsor's officc juιt calltd," hc said. whaι ιhey wcre doing during the pcriod "You want to go through it now~" of thc civil war, and a ιtat~mt of ooliι- "Yes, all righι , " said ιhc editor. "\Vhat ical belicfs. ln publi~ ιchoolι thc indocιri- iιitιonighι?" nationofιιudenui ιa p;ιrtolιhccuπicιι- The aιsiιιanι said ιhc papcr wtι in- lum. In ιhe lowtt grades, for cxample, ιιructed not ιο prinι in any form thc ιιudenu are asktd ιο rise and repcat slo- • New Year'ι meιsage King Constanιinc gans such as, "My moιhcr is Greece. My had iιsued from cxile in Rome, buι ιο . father is ιhe n aιiona l p;ovcmment.