Coastal Carolina University From the SelectedWorks of Ronald Green 2006 Buddhist Explorations of Peace and Justice Ronald S Green, Coastal Carolina University Chanju Mun Available at: https://works.bepress.com/ronald-green/50/ Buddhist Exploration of Peace and Justice Edited by Chanju Mun & Ronald S. Green Buddhist Exploration of Peace and Justice Edited by Chanju Mun & Ronald S. Green Blue Pine Honolulu, USA Copyright © 2006 by Jung Bup Sa Buddhist Temple of Hawaii 1303 Rycroft Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 Blue Pine Books (213) 675-0336 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Control Number: 2006921286 ISBN: 0-9777553-0-4 ISBN: 978-0-9777553-0-1 We wish to dedicate this humble book to Ven. Daewon Ki, with whose deep insight and ideas it originated. It is also being published to commemorate the 30th anniversary (since 1975) of his propagation of Buddhism in his newly adopted nation, the United States of America. Contents CONTENTS i NOTES vi ABBREVIATIONS vii PREFACE ix ACKNOWLEGEMENTS xiii INTRODUCTION 1 Part 1. Special Speeches 1. Welcoming Address 7 Byong-chun Min 2. Buddhism’s Role in Modern Society 9 Daewon Ki 3. What is Buddhism to Peace? 13 Eun Koh 4. World Peace, Korean Unification and Democracy 17 Eul-byong Chang 5. Social Function of Buddhism 21 Wan-il Park 1. Real Happiness in the Dharma 21 2. Law of Dependent Origination 21 3. Man Who Falls to the Ground 22 4. Practice of Six Pāramitās 23 Part 2. Buddhist Explorations of Peace and Justice 6. Exploration of Right Livelihood as One Path to Peace and Justice 27 Jean Sadako King 7. So Many Different Worlds 35 J. C. Cleary Buddhist Exploration of Peace and Justice 8. For Contribution to the Cause of Peace and Justice 47 G. Lubsantseren 9. The Ring of World and Buddhism 51 Yeremei Parnov 10. Bodhisattva’s Social Ethics 55 David W. Chappell 1. Fangdeng Bodhisattva Precepts 56 2. Fanwang jing Bodhisattva Precepts 58 3. Theory and Practice 63 4. Appendix 67 11. What the Modern World Should Search for in Buddhism 71 In-hwan Chae 12. The Theravāda Buddhist Experience of Social Practice for Peace and 75 Justice Medagoda Sumanatissa 13. Reading Buddhist Texts with New Light 89 Chatsumarn Kabilsingh 14. Bodhisattva Action in the New World Order 97 Graeme MacQueen 1. Introduction 97 2. The New World Order 99 3. The Bodhisattva Metanarrative 106 4. Bodhisattvic Action in the First World 110 5. Choosing Our Stories 113 15. Toward the Establishment of a Fundamental Doctrine of Human 115 Rights Tadashige Takamura 1. Introduction 115 2. Human Rights as the Key Concept 115 2.1. Human Rights as a Purpose 116 2.2. Peace and Development for Human Rights 117 3. Third Generation of Human Rights 117 4. Evaluation of the Doctrine “Third Generation of Human 119 Rights” Contents 5. The Buddhist View on Human Rights 121 5.1. The Dignity of Life 121 5.2. Equality 121 5.3. Nonviolence 122 5.4. Self-Restraint 122 5.5. Self-fulfillment 122 6. For the Spiritual Uplifting of the Respect for Human Right 123 16. Language and Peace: The Early Buddhist Perspective 125 David J. Kalupahana 17. The Approaches of the Buddha and Gandhi towards Religious 137 Tolerance K.S. Vimala Devi 18. Buddhism: The Messenger of Peace, Contact and Understanding 145 Jiwen Du & Baoxu Zhao 19. Putting Buddhist Ideas into Social Practice for Peace and Justice: 151 The Truth of the Conventional Jamie Hubbard 1. Introduction 151 2. The Impulse to Practice: Breaking with the Social 153 2.1. Renunciation 153 2.2. The Mahāyāna and the Bodhisattva Ideal 156 3. Doctrinal Considerations 157 3.1. Buddhism and History 157 3.2. Disjunction of the Ultimate 159 3.3. Relativism 160 3.4. Upāya as Social and Cultural Relativism 161 4. A Conventional Basis for Buddhist Social Involvement 163 4.1. Future Gain (vipāka) 163 4.2. Merit 165 5. Conclusions 168 20. Buddhism for Social Justice in Thai Society: An Analysis of 173 Buddhadassa’s Teachings Suwanna Satha-Anand 1. Introduction 173 2. Graphic Image of Buddhist Social Hierarchy 174 3. Buddhism as a Cultural Basis for Social Justice 177 4. A Concluding Note 181 Buddhist Exploration of Peace and Justice 21. The Sermon of the Buddha to Spread the Dharma and Its Relevance 183 for Peace Padmanabh S. Jaini 22. Buddhism and Peace 191 Jae-ryong Shim 1. Preliminary Remarks 191 2. Buddhism and Peace 193 2.1. The Traditional Indian Concept of Righteous War 193 2.2. Buddhist Idea of Peace 195 2.2.1. The Buddhist Concept of Peace 197 2.2.1.1. A Peaceful Society 197 2.2.1.2. Peaceful Human Relationships 198 2.2.1.3. A Peaceful Heart 198 2.2.2. A Buddhist Analysis of the Factors Inhibiting 199 Peace 2.3. Why do Buddhist Societies have Wars? 201 2.4. The Buddhist Way to Peace: the Complete 203 Achievement of Non-violence and Non-killing 23. The Imperative of the Practice of Ahi!sā Today: A Gandhian 207 Perspective N. Radhakrishnan 24. Buddhist Ethics and a New Moral Order 215 Thich Minh Chau 25. Wonhyo’s Ideal on Peace and Union 225 Ki-young Rhi 1. Time of Dispute 225 2. Religion as the Way of Life to Dispel the Dispute 226 3. Ilseung (Ekayāna) as the Ultimate Reality 227 4. How to Arrive at This Ultimate Reality, Ilseung? 229 26. Wonhyo’s Theory of Harmonization 233 Sung-bae Park 27. Master Yongseong’s Life and Works: An Engaged Buddhism of 247 Peace and Justice Jin-wol Lee 1. Introduction 247 Contents 2. Yongseong’s Life and Works 248 2.1. Historical Environment 248 2.2. Life 250 2.3. Yongseong’s Works 253 2.3.1. Books 253 2.3.2. Books in Translation, Chinese into Korean 254 2.3.3. Articles 256 2.3.4. Editorial Work 256 2.3.5. Record of Yongseong 256 3. Yongseong’s Thoughts and Practices for Peace and Justice 256 3.1. Thought 256 3.2. Practices 259 4. Conclusions 261 28. The Republic of Korea’s Policies to Build a Peaceful Northeast Asia 263 Hak-joon Kim 1. Republic of Korea’s Northern Policy 263 2. Impact of the ROK-Soviet Rapprochement on Inter- 268 Korean Relations 271 3. Republic of Korea’s Reunification Policy 275 4. Concluding Remarks PHOTOS Photo 1: Group picture of contributors taken at the Sheraton Walker 279 Hill. Photo 2: Taken at the Office of President Min Byong-chun of Dongguk 280 University, co-organizer of the 5th International Seminar on Buddhism and Leadership for Peace together with the Korean Buddhist Dae Won Sa Temple of Hawaii. Photo 3: A dinner photo taken at the Sheraton Walker Hill with former 281 South Korean President Gim Daejung and the seminar representatives. President Gim Daejung delivered a special speech to the seminar participants. INDEX 283 CONTRIBUTORS 293 COEDITORS 295 Notes 1. The Pinyin system is used for Chinese terms, the Korean Government Romanization System revised in 2000 for Korean ones, and the Hepburn system for Japanese ones. 2. Diacritics are used on most of Sanskrit and Pali terms. 3. Foreign terms, those not included in the Webster English Dictionary, appear in italics. 4. Only where authors have romanized their names in ways contrary to East Asian Standard Romanization Systems have we adapted their spellings. 5. Where names have not previously been romanized, the editors have done so using East Asian Standard Romanization Systems. 6. Standard PTS abbreviations are used for Pali texts. 7. This book is edited based on the 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003). 8. Each contributor’s academic affiliation and title reflects their status as of the year 1991. Abbreviations H Hanguk bulgyo jeonseo JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies PTS The Pali Text Society SBE Sacred Books of the East T Taishō shinshū daizōkyō YDJ Yongseong daejongsa jeonjip YSY Yonseong seonsa yeongu Preface This book originated completely from the initiative of Venerable Daewon Ki, founder of Korean Buddhist Dae Won Sa Temple of Hawaii, the largest Korean Buddhist Temple in North America, in the end of 1995 in Honolulu. My humble position as editor was facilitated by fortune of my personal and precious encounter with him as my spiritual guide and religious advisor. The following brief explanation of my relation with him might help readers understand how this book has been published. In late 1995, I was able to come to the United States through the invitation of Ven. Daewon Ki and began to have a deep relation with him. Since then, he has remained a spiritual advisor and a major financial patron to me. In mid-1995, I was discharged from the Korean Army as a Buddhist chaplain officer after serving around three and half a years. Afterwards, I traveled to several nations with deep connections with Buddhism, such as India, Nepal, China, Thailand and so on, for half a year. While in travel, I recognized how important English was as a communication medium in the international context. In late 1995, Ven. Daewon Ki invited me to come to the United States where I naturally had the opportunity to learn English. I cannot forget how much he helped me become accustomed to the new world during my stay in Hawaii between December 1995 and August 1997. For instance, he took me to the Social Security Administration Office to let me apply for a Social Security Number, arranged for me to take the driver license exam and helped me to open a bank account.