26/12/2016 Overview of Singapore Land Transport System and Engineering Procedures in Developing Rail Transit Networks THIRI SU LAND TRANSPORT AUTHORITY Outline • History of Singapore’s Land Transport • Overview of Land Transport System in Singapore • Overview of Development Process • Engineering Procedure for RTS network • A Way to Forward • Conclusion 1 26/12/2016 Transport in Colonial • Public Works Department • building road transport infrastructures – roads, bridges, pedestrian walkways (PWD) • public facilities – schools, hospitals, libraries • In-charge of only 340km of public road from 1960s 1819 to 1920 1970s 1980s • Poor regulation & lack of 1990s enforcement • Hampered to bring order to the 1995s transport system 1950s 2 26/12/2016 Early Public Transport System 1950s • Rapid population • No systematic transport planning • Lack of integration • Public Bus System • Frequent breakdowns 1970s • Pirate Taxis • 5000 illegal taxis • Negotiate fares 1980s • Service quality and safety • Traffic congestion 1990s • Serious flooding • No longer suitable to use 1958 land use 1995s & master plan by colonial government 1950s Long-term Integrated Planning 1950s • United Nations Development • 4 years State & City Planning Project Program (UNDP) • 1st Concept Plan in 1971 1960s 1980s 1990s 1995s 1950s 20 yrs planning… 3 26/12/2016 Long-term Integrated Planning 1950s • 1st Concept Plan in 1971 Strategic Transport Plan New towns • Island-wide expressway networks • Arterial roads Transport 1960s • MRT system Infrastructures Recreation access 1980s • Lack of policy • Lack of continuity in vehicle 1990s registration • Insufficient financial & 1995s manpower 1950s 20 yrs planning… Reorganization of Public Transport Industry • Bus Reforms • Merge all bus companies 3 1950s • Formation of single private entry “SBS” • Integration of all bus routes 1960s • Taxis Reforms • Standardization of bus fares • Implementation of world’s first Congestion Pricing 1980s Scheme 1990s • Parking Policy 1995s 1950s 4 26/12/2016 Reorganization of Public Transport Industry • Bus Reforms • Eliminate illegal pirate taxi industry 1950s • Formation of National Trade Union Congress “NTUC” 1960s • Taxis Reforms • Implementation of world’s first Congestion Pricing 1980s Scheme 1990s • Parking Policy 1995s 1950s Reorganization of Public Transport Industry 1950s • Bus Reforms 1960s • Taxis Reforms • Implementation of world’s first Congestion Pricing 1980s Scheme 1990s • Parking Policy • Formation Road Transport Action 1995s Committee (RTAC) • Implement Area Licensing Scheme 1950s 5 26/12/2016 Reorganization of Public Transport Industry 1950s • Bus Reforms 1960s • Taxis Reforms • Implementation of world’s first Congestion Pricing 1980s Scheme 1990s • Parking Policy • Rising parking charges (CBD vs Non CBD) 1995s • Impose charge on each lot own by private car park operators 1950s Reorganization of Public Transport Industry • The Great MRT Debate • Bus-Rail Vs All-Bus System ??? 1950s • Long term investment ??? 1960s • Government decision to proceed MRT (1982) 1970s • Development of Integrated Transport 1990s 1995s 1950s 6 26/12/2016 Reorganization of Public Transport Industry 1950s • The Great MRT Debate 1960s • Government decision to proceed MRT (1982) 1970s • Development of Integrated Transport 1990s 2000s 2030s Reorganization of Public Transport Industry • The Great MRT Debate • Formation of “Mass Rapid Transit 1950s Corporation” operate MRT System • Formation of “Transit Link” (1989) to integrate bus and train service 1960s • Government decision to proceed MRT (1982) 1970s • Development of Integrated Transport 1990s 2000s 2030s 7 26/12/2016 Formation of Single Integrated Land Transport Agency • Formation of “Land • To integrate all aspect of land transport from 1950s planning to regulations Transport Authority (LTA)” Build Roads + Train Networks + Infrastructure 1960s in 1995 Act as regulator for Performance Standard Spearhead Public Transport Related Needs 1970s • Implementation of “Electronic Road Pricing 1980s System (ERP)” in 1998, after 9 years of study, trials and re-tenders…. 2000s 2030s Implementing Electronic Road Pricing system • Formation of “Land • •ShortcomingsAutomated version of of Manual Area Licensing System Scheme (ALS) 1950s • Transport Authority (LTA)” Improvements Labour intensive Flexibility to vary charges (time, place, traffic in 1995 Numerouscondition) type of license over years 1960s Difficult Better manage to smoothen road congestion out the peaks Minimize traffic volume 1970s • Implementation of No more monthly / daily license “Electronic Road Pricing No human errors 1980s System (ERP)” in 1998, after 9 years of study, trials and re-tenders…. 2000s 2030s 8 26/12/2016 Long-term Integrated Planning 1950s 1960s Long range plan Review every 10 years Key Strategies ? • Plan for “Land Use + Transport Network” together • Reduce need for people to travel • Maximize accessibility to public transport services • Emphasis on public transport 9 26/12/2016 Integrated Land Use, Town & Transport Planning • Balance between different demands for land usage Housing Business Transport Health andWhole safety -of-government Exercise.. Sustainability & Recreation • Factor in changes ( Local & Global trends) • Ensure to address future possible challenges and needs What “LTA” do? • Macro Level (Concept Plan) Land-use planning Major transport infrastructures Safeguard transport corridors • Micro Level High density commercial & residential development Vs Major transport modes Facilitate seamless travel by commuters Encourage public transport usage 10 26/12/2016 LTA Organization Structure The Quality Service Manager Offive (QSMO) and Internal Audit Division report directly to CE 11 26/12/2016 Evolution of the Rail Network Depot for MRT Lines Name Line served 1987 Bishan Depot NSL, EWL 1988 Ulu Padan Depot NSL, EWL 1989 Changi Depot EWL Mandai Depot 2003 Senkang Depot NEL Gali Batu Depot 2009 Kim Chuan Depot CCL, DTL Sengkang Depot Ten Mile Junction 2013 Gali Batu Depot DTL LRT Depot 2016 Tuas Depot EWL Tuas Depot Bishan Depot Ulu Pandan Depot Changi Depot Kim Chuan Depot 12 26/12/2016 Depot for MRT Lines • Services Stabling of the trains Maintenance Operational control • Components Stabling yard Test track Control room Rail administration building 66kV substation Training centre Maintenance facility Depot for MRT Lines 13 26/12/2016 Developing a Comprehensive Road Network Expressway Network Integrated Transit with Developments • Integrated Transport Hubs Train station Bus interchange Commercials (shopping malls) Choices of public transport Good connectivity Convenience 14 26/12/2016 Automobile Dependent Cities vs Cities with “Balanced” Transport Adjust cities to cars Develop integrated transport systems: • Extensive construction of freeways → • Improve public transport services parallel with highway/ street growth fast travel by car • • Transit services neglected → Develop coordinated modes auto dependency: traffic congestion • Pedestrians encouraged • Pedestrians neglected • Enhance cities’ livability → sustainability • Retail & many other activities relocated from central cities to suburban malls Challenges in Land Use for Travel Needs • Higher demand from 23km economic growth • Higher public expectation • Growing population 43km • Scarcity of Land 15 26/12/2016 Land Use Plan for Singapore’s Future Population Land Requirement 14 14 Housing Industry & Commerce Parks & Nature Reserves 13 Community, Institution & Recreation Facilities 19 LandUtilities Transport (e.g. power, Infrastructure water treatment plants) Reservoirs 8 Land Transport Infrastructure 3 Ports & Airports 8 Defence Requirements 12 12 5 3 New Transport Strategy • Land Transport Master Plan 2013 Make public transport as 1st choice Areas to be addressed Reduce dependency on driving Manage road usage Meets diverse needs of people “ People-centred Land Transport System” Source: Land Transport Master Plan 2013 Report, Land Transport Authority 16 26/12/2016 Development Process of Transport System Long Term Plans Medium Term Plans Short Term Plans (40 – 50 years) (10 – 15 years) (5 – 10 years) Planning & Transport Project Design & Concept Master Plan Feasibility Study Construction Multiple Agencies Land Transport Authority Road Development Programme Rail Lines Implementation Plan Bus Routes & Infrastructure Development 17 26/12/2016 Different Stages in Developing Rail Project Planning Feasibility Engineering Design Construction Study Engineering Planning Engineering Corporate Corporate Corporate Safety & Safety & Safety & Developme Developme Developme Contracts Contracts Contracts nt Research nt Research nt Research Transport Engineering Rail Planning Traffic Traffic Vehicle & Manageme Rail Manageme Rail Transit Planning nt nt Licensing Vehicle & Vehicle & Traffic Transit Transit Manageme Licensing Licensing nt Different Stages in Developing Rail Project Planning Feasibility 1. Developing RTS route options and scheme Study 2. Consultation with agencies and authorities 3. Consultation with internal LTA divisions Engineering 4. Engineering Investigation works Corporate 5. Obtain approval Safety & Developme Contracts nt Research 6. Handover stage Transport Planning Traffic Manageme Rail nt Vehicle & Transit Licensing 18 26/12/2016 Planning / Feasibility Study 1. Developing RTS route options and scheme Identify & develop Considerations Investigation Works • Railway corridor • Future developments • Topographical Survey • Station locations • Potential sites for •