13 Punjab & Sindh PakisTAN 20/14 RABI CROP MASK WHEAT AND AUTUMN POTATO 13 Punjab & Sindh PakisTAN 20/14 RABI CROP MASK WHEAT AND AUTUMN POTATO FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS - Rome 2017 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109183-8 ©FAO 2017 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. PREFACE The agriculture sector contributes 21.4 percent to events. The availability of advanced information on crop mask activities for the Punjab Province. Third party national GDP of Pakistan. According to Economic Survey crop phenology and climate changes integrated with validation of the developed crop mask was carried out of Pakistan 2013-14, the main contributing subsectors crop masks information are also beneficial to plan by Mr. Muhammad Iftikhar Bhatti, Dr. Muhammad to agriculture GDP are livestock (11.9 percent), crops infra-structural development programs for rural roads, Hanif and Mr. Muhammad Ibrahim. Contributions of Mr. (8.7 percent), forestry (0.4 percent) and fisheries (0.4 cold storages, agro-industries and agro-markets. Antonio Martucci and Mr. Faisal Saeed of FAO are also percent). Land and crop statistics are fundamental Moreover, these masks contribute to further improving acknowledged with thanks. to effective development planning in agriculture. the efficiency of mitigation, rehabilitation and resilience Traditionally, these datasets have been collected programs. The present study is Phase-I of “Crop Mask The development of crop masks for both Rabi & Kharif through manual field techniques. More recently, with the Development for Major Seasonal Crops in Punjab and seasons for the provinces of Punjab & Sindh are part of significant improvement in the resolution of space borne Sindh Provinces of Pakistan” designed to develop the the project “Agriculture Information System – Building remote sensing platforms and enhanced GIS analysis, crop masks for Rabi 2013-14 (Wheat and Potato crops). Provincial Capacity in Pakistan for Crop Estimation, it is becoming increasingly popular to support these The masks for Kharif 2014-15 (Sugarcane, Rice and Forecasting, and Reporting based on the integral use of conventional techniques with the integral use of remotely Cotton crops) will be developed during June-December Remotely Sensed Data” which has been made possible sensed data improving the efficiency and efficacy of the 2014. This will complete the annual cycle of monitoring by the contribution (financial and in-kind) of the partner data collection. and developing masks for seasonal crops in Punjab and organizations - the Government of Pakistan, the Food Sindh. The development of crop masks is the result of and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Experience has shown that instead of taking a fresh start the outstanding efforts of different entities and people (FAO), the United States Department of Agriculture each time, it is appropriate to develop supplementary working in close collaboration. The following paragraph (USDA) – all are acknowledged with appreciation. The basic spatial information on the distribution of various acknowledges the core staff and experts who supported contribution of all the above, as well as the support from crops in digital form, hereafter referred to “Crop Masks”. and contributed to the project. the partners and donors involved in this activity has been These masks minimize manpower, investments and fundamental for the success of the project. information delivery time appreciably. The information Syed Zuhair Bokhari, Deputy Director General, Mr. of crop masks play an important role in studying various Abdul Ghafoor, Director RS&GIS Applications and Mr. facets of agriculture such as the areas sown under Ijaz Ahmad, Director Agriculture led the project. The different crops / changes in seasonal response and activities were supervised by Mr. Ijaz Ahmad, Mr. Siraj indicative productivity. The masks also facilitate the Munir and Mr. Ibrar ul Hassan Akhtar. Team comprising John S. Latham understanding of seasonality pattern, crop size and of Mr. Majid Masood Lodhi, Mr. Muhammad Zafar and Senior Land and Water Officer, FAO market dynamics of various agricultural commodities. Mr. Ghulam Abbass carried out crop mask activities for As such, crop masks in combination with other the Sindh Province. Team comprising of Mr. Muhammad monitoring methods and information can be valuable Khan, Mr. Kamran Lodhi, Mr. Rana Ahmad Faraz, Mr. in studying the impact of climate changes particularly Syed Roshaan Ali, Mr. Yasir Shabbir, Mr. Khalid Latif, Imran Iqbal floods, droughts, natural hazards and other extreme Mr. Muhammad Javid and Ms. Sofia Iqbal carried out Member SAR, SUPARCO iii CONTENTS Preface iii 5.14 Supplementary Quality Control of Vectorized Data 40 5.15 Merging of Polygons for Final Crop Mask 40 1. INTRODUCTION 1 5.16 Rabi Crop Mask - Sindh Province 41 2. OBJECTIVE 1 5.16.1 Rabi Crop Mask - Sindh Left Zone 43 3. BASIC GUIDELINES 1 5.16.2 Rabi Crop Mask - Sindh Right Zone 59 4. QUALITY CONTROL 1 5. DEVELOPMENT OF CROP MASK FOR RABI CROPS (2013-14) 1 5.17 Rabi Crop Mask - Punjab Province 69 5.1 Study Area 1 5.17.1 Rabi Crop Mask-Punjab Southern Zone 71 5.2 Work Flow 3 5.17.2 Rabi Crop Mask-Punjab Central Zone 85 5.3 First Acquisition of Satellite Data 4 5.17.3 Rabi Crop Mask-Punjab North East Zone 101 5.4 Ground Truth Surveys 4 5.17.4 Rabi Crop Mask-Punjab Potohar Zone 109 5.5 Digitization of Segments 4 5.6 Masking of Sugarcane Crop 4 6. DEVELOPMENT OF CROP MASK FOR AUTUMN POTATO CROP (2013-14) 115 5.7 Second Acquisition of Satellite Data 4 6.1 Study Area 115 5.8 Classification of Satellite Images 4 6.2 Satellite Data Acquisition 115 5.9 Ground Truth / Validation Surveys 5 6.3 Field Survey Prior to Classification 115 5.9.1 Ground Truth / Validation Surveys in Sindh Province 5 6.4 Classification of Satellite Images 115 5.9.2 Ground Truth / Validation Surveys in Punjab Province 18 6.5 Ground Validatin Surveys’ Sampling 115 6.6 Post Classification Accuracy Assessment 115 5.10 Accuracy Assessment of Satellite Image Classification 38 6.7 Extraction of Potato Class 115 5.10.1 Accuracy Assessment of Satellite Image Classification-Sindh Province 38 6.8 Vectorization of Potato Class 115 5.10.2 Accuracy Assessment of Satellite Image Classification-Punjab Province 39 6.9 Cross Checking of Vectorized Data 117 5.11 Extraction of Target Crop Classes 39 6.10 Additional Quality Control of Vectorized Data 117 5.12 Vectorization of Target Crop Classes 39 6.11 Merging of Polygons for Final Potato Crop Mask 117 5.13 Cross Checking of Vectorized Data 40 iv CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Rabi, 2013-2014 7. STATISTICS OF CROP MASK DATA FOR RABI (2013-14) 122 Figure 8a Thatta Classified image 40 7.1 Rabi Crop Mask (2013-14) - Sindh Province 122 Figure 8b Extracted Sugarcane Crop Class of Thatta 40 7.1.1 Rabi Crop Mask (2013-14) - Sindh Left Zone 122 Figure 9 Rabi Crop Mask Area-Sindh Left Zone 122 7.1.2 Rabi Crop Mask (2013-14) - Sindh Right Zone 122 Figure 10 Rabi Crop Mask Area-Sindh Right Zone 122 Figure 11 Rabi Crop Mask Area-Punjab Southern Zone 124 7.2 Rabi Crop Mask (2013-14) - Punjab Province 124 Figure 12 Rabi Crop Mask Area-Punjab Central Zone 124 7.2.1 Rabi Crop Mask (2013-14) - Punjab Southern Zone 124 Figure 13 Rabi Crop Mask Area-Punjab North East Zone 126 7.2.2 Rabi Crop Mask (2013-14) - Punjab Central Zone 124 7.2.3 Rabi Crop Mask (2013-14) - Punjab North East Zone 124 Figure 14 Rabi Crop Mask Area-Punjab Potohar Zone 126 7.2.4 Rabi Crop Mask (2013-14) - Punjab Potohar Zone 126 8.O C NCLUSION 126 TABLES Table 1 Accuracy Assessment Mechanism 38 FIGURES Table 2 Accuracy Assessment-Sindh Left Zone 38 Table 3 Accuracy Assessment-Sindh Right Zone 38 Figure 1 Work Flow Chart 3 Table 4 Accuracy Assessment-Punjab South Zone 39 Figure 2a-2b Digitized Segment 4-5 Table 5 Accuracy Assessment-Punjab Central Zone 39 Figure 3 Original Image before masking 5 Table 6 Accuracy Assessment-Punjab North East Zone 39 Figure 4 Satellite Image after masking 5 Table 7 Accuracy Assessment-Punjab Potohar East Zone 39 Figure 5 Training Samples for Spectral Signatures 8 Table 8 Accuracy Assessment-Punjab Potato Crop Area 115 Figure 6 Classified Image 8 Figure 7 Field observation 8 v 1.