Poster Print Size: Phonetic and Phonological Aspects of Pre-aspiration in Aberystwyth English Change Color This poster template is 21” Theme: high by 45” wide and is printed at 200% for a 42” high Michaela Hejná This template is designed to use by 90” wide poster. It can be Department of Linguistics and English Language, University of Manchester [email protected]; misprdlina.wordpress.com the built-in color themes in the used to print any poster with newer versions of PowerPoint. a 7:15 aspect ratio. To change the color theme, select Introduction Vowel height Place of articulation of the plosive Optional application the Design tab, then select the Placeholders: Colors drop-down list. Analyses of Aberystwyth English (AE) show that pre-aspiration has both Is pre-aspiration dependent on phonological height or phonetic (acoustic) - pre-aspiration is conditioned by place of articulation - distributions show a categorical distinction between presence and absence The various elements included in gradient and categorical aspects. I argue that the categorical aspects must height? - shortest before /p/; longest variable with /t/ or /k/ (observed in [2], [7]) be represented discretely in the phonology. this poster are ones we often see - intra-phonemic correlations between F1 and pre-aspiration duration were In Icelandic, pre-aspiration is a phonological phenomenon and its obligatory, examined in medical, research, and scientific categorical presence in specific environments is not questioned [1]. Other - in general, no correlations were found (Figure 3), direction sometimes languages have more variable (‘non-normative’, e.g. [2-5]) pre-aspiration. posters. Feel free to edit, move, inconsistent However, optional presence of a phenomenon can still be phonological (e.g. add, and delete items, or change [6] for variation in phonology). - /ɪ/, /e/, and /æ/; /ʊ/ and /ɒ/ were contrasted (Figure 2) the layout to suit your needs. - the higher the vowel category, the shorter the pre-aspiration (2 speakers My findings concerning the interplay of categorical and gradient effects in AE Always check with your conference pre-aspiration raise questions about the phonological representation of for [+front]) - no difference between /e/ and /æ/, or /ʊ/ and /ɒ/, for some respondents organizer for specific laryngeal contrasts in general, and pre-aspiration in particular. requirements. Methodology Image Quality: RESPONDENTS On the left, figure 7: pre-aspiration and place of articulation illustrated on ABE14(90yrs) in -8 women born and raised in Aberystwyth monosyllables in isolation. On the right, figure 8: distribution of pre-aspiration duration depending on the place of articulation of the following plosive, illustrated on ABE31(72ys); the vast majority of -most with parents also from mid-Wales The default color theme for this You can place digital photos or conditions (isolation, carrier sentence, monosyllabic, disyllabic) gave significant values; p < 0.0001. -L1 Welsh speakers, proficient in English (Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum Test, t-test, Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient) logo art in your poster file by Figure 10: distribution of the duration of pre-aspiration for ABE33(32yrs), representative of all template is “Office”, so you can -three age groups - consonantal place is a discrete variable speakers except the youngest one. selecting the Insert, Picture always return to that after trying - both phonologically (different feature specifications) - 24, 28, 32 years - Is this because impossible environments have been included? No, some of the alternatives. command, or by using standard - and phonetically (different articulators) - 48, 54, 58 years - only 2 speakers show some impossible environments in the first place copy & paste. For best results, all - 72, 90 years */ɪp/ and /ep/ for 90yrs - Does its effect on pre-aspiration take place in phonetics, in the graphic elements should be at */ɪp/ in disyllables for 54yrs Printing Your phonology, or both? least 150-200 pixels per inch in - Is it phonetics which is responsible for the duration cline in Figure 7? On the left, Figure 2: vowel height analysed phonologically shown for [+front] vowels; p < 0.0001 – - contexts for obligatory presence vary across the speakers - Is it phonology which is responsible for the bimodal pattern in Figures 8 Poster: their final printed size. For DEFINING PRE-ASPIRATION 0.04968. On the right, Figure 3: correlations of F1 and pre-aspiration duration within /ɪ/ in monosyllabic - each speaker shows contexts where pre-aspiration is optional items; Nearey normalisation method was used, speakers subsequently merged for more robust results; and 10? Narrow sense of the term used here: a period of voiceless friction following a - the youngest speaker (24yrs) has almost reached obligatory presence instance, a 1600 x 1200 pixel p = 0.002 – 0.035; rho = -0.19 - +0.34. (Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum Test, t-test, Spearman’s Correlation Once your poster file is ready, visit vowel and preceding a voiceless plosive: Coefficient) photo will usually look fine up to www.genigraphics.com to order 8“-10” wide on your printed Vowel length Pre- and post-aspiration Discussion a high-quality, affordable poster poster. Is pre-aspiration dependent on phonological length or phonetic duration? Does pre-aspiration correlate with post-aspiration, which is a cue to fortis- - clearly bimodal distribution = optional application; represented in the print. Every order receives a free - /ɑː/ - /æ/, and /oː/ - /ɒ/ contrasted in monosyllables lenis contrast in plosives in AE? output of the phonology design review and we can deliver To preview the print quality of - both short and long Vs followed by pre-aspiration - youngest respondent = nearly obligatory application; still in the output of images, select a magnification of - pre-aspiration is shorter following long vowel: - post- and pre-aspiration durations correlate positively the phonology because as fast as next business day within *no difference for 1 respondent (90yrs) - speakers however vary in the strength of the correlation the US and Canada. 100% when previewing your *both pairs different for 2 respondents (54, 48yrs, in isolation - 24yrs) - phonologically conditioned by poster. This will give you a good *only /æ/ - /ɑː/ different for 1 respondent (58yrs) - vowel height */æ/ - /ɑː/ different only in a carrier sentence (72, 32yrs) Figure 9: correlations between Genigraphics® has been idea of what it will look like in post- and pre-aspiration - has a phonological representation On the left, Figure 4: phonological length, illustrated on ABE12(54yrs). - vowel length (for some speakers) producing output from p = 0.0001 – 0.04, for ABE24(48yrs) print. If you are laying out a large 90yrs, 54yrs: rho = 0.27-0.65, - has a phonological representation PowerPoint® longer than anyone representative for most of the respondents. p < 0.0001 – 0.02; 72yrs, 32yrs: On the bottom left, Figure 5: phonologically poster and using half-scale rho = 0.21-0.46, p < 0.0001 – - pre-aspiration should be specified in AE phonology in the industry; dating back to short vowels; p < 0.0001 – 0.035; rho = 0.19 0.004; 24yrs, disyllables; rho = dimensions, be sure to preview Figure 1: segmentation procedure showing the voiceless pre-aspiration and the voiced breathy transition. - 0.61, for ABE33(32yrs) – other respondents 0.21-0.3, p = 0.01; 58yrs, when we helped Microsoft® less strong but still positive correlations. On 1 significant condition: Questions: your graphics at 200% to see them Breathy transition was excluded as the duration of breathy periods before the right, Figure 6: phonologically long monosyllables, carrier sentence; - Do 1 or 2 features cover both pre- and post-aspiration in pre-aspirating design the PowerPoint® software. plosives was found to be conditioned by different factors than the duration vowels for all speakers merged reflecting a rho = 0.23, p = 0.01; 48yrs, 28yrs at their final printed size. tendency for all respondents; carrier no significant results. languages? of voiceless pre-aspiration. sentence, p < 0.0001; rho = -0.32. (Kruskal- (Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum Test) - If pre- and post-aspiration correlate, are both represented by [+spread US and Canada: 1-800-790-4001 Wallis Rank Sum Test, t-test, Spearman’s glottis]? Please note that graphics from Correlation Coefficient) Email: [email protected] DATA - How strong should the correlation be to suggest this is the case? websites (such as the logo on your - all short vowels and two long vowels in stressed syllables [This sidebar area does not print.] hospital's or university's home - combined with a following /p/, /t/, /k/ - both pre- and post-aspiration represented by the same feature? - Which of the numerous phonetic cues to (fortis-lenis) contrast are in the page) will only be 72dpi and not - monosyllabic & disyllabic items: bap, bat, back; lapper, latter, lacquer - But how strong should the correlation be? output of the phonology? - Would R2 suggest which the most important cue is, and would this mean suitable for printing. - 550-615 tokens per speaker in isolation and a carrier sentence there is just one cue in the output of the phonology? Say ___ once. [This sidebar area does not print.] - 1 speaker (28yrs) glottalises obligatorily in monosyllables (monosyllables References excluded) - for 1 speaker (24yrs) glottalised items included as they were pre-aspirated 1. Thráinsson, H. (1978) “On the Phonology of Icelandic Preaspiration”. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 1. 3-54. as well 2. Morris, J. (2010) “Phonetic variation in Northern Wales: preaspiration”. Proceedings of the Second Summer School of Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh. 3. Helgason, P. (2003) “Faroese Preaspiration”. Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences. 2517-20. - otherwise glottalised items or items with ambiguous glottal activity were 4. McRobbie-Utasi, Z. (2003) “Normative preaspiration in Skolt Sami in relation to the distribution of duration in the disyllabic stress group”. Honti-Festschrift. Budapest: Hungarian excluded - the longer the short vowel phonetically, the longer the pre-aspiration Academy of Sciences, Institute of Linguistics. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences.