JOURNALJOURNAL OF OF Journal ofJournal Engineering of Engineering Science andScience Technology and Technology Review 1Review (2008) 153-57 (2008) 53-57 EngineeringEngineering Science Science and and TechnologyTechnology Review Review estrestr Lecture Note JJ Lecture Note www.jestr.or www.gjestr.org PerpetualPerpetual Motion Motion Machine Machine D. TsaousisD. Tsaousis** School AdviserSchool Adviser of Natural of Natural Science Science Teachers Teachers of Ioannina8 of Ioannina8 Seferi street, Seferi Eleoussa,street, Eleoussa, 455 00,Ioannina 455 00,Ioannina Hellas .Hellas . ReceivedReceived 30 April 30 2008; April Accepted 2008; Accepted 17 September 17 September 2008 2008 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractAbstract Ever sinceEver the since first the century first century A.D. there A.D. have there been have relative been relative descriptions descriptions of known of known devices devices as well as as well manufactures as manufactures for the for the creationcreation of perpetual of perpetual motion motion machines. machines. Although Although physics physics has led, has with led, two with thermodynamic two thermodynamic laws, tolaws, the toopinion the opinion that a that a perpetualperpetual motion motion machine machine is impossible is impossible to be manufactured, to be manufactured, inventors inventors of every of ageevery and age educational and educational level appear level appear to claim to claim that theythat have they inventedhave invented something something «entirely «entirely new» ornew» they or havethey improvedhave improved somebody somebody else’s else’sinvention, invention, which which«will «will functionfunction henceforth henceforth perpetually»! perpetually»! However However the fact the of factthe failureof the failurein manufacturing in manufacturing a perpetual a perpetual motion motion machine machine till now, till now, it doesit not does mean not thatmean countless that countless historical historical elements elements for these for fictionalthese fictional machines machines become become indifferent. indifferent. The discussion The discussion on on every versionevery version of a perpetual of a perpetual motion motion machine machine on the onone the hand one gives hand thegives chance the chance to comprehend to comprehend the inventor’s the inventor’s of each of each period periodlevel oflevel knowledge of knowledge and his and way his of way thinking, of thinking, and on and the onother the hand,other tohand, locate to locatethe points the pointswhere wherethis «perpetual this «perpetual motionmotion machine» machine» clashes clashes with the with laws the of laws nature of natureand that’s and whythat’s it why is impossible it is impossible to have to been have manufactured been manufactured or have or have functioned.functioned. The presentation The presentation of a new of a«perpetual new «perpetual motion motion machine» machine» has excited has excited our interest our interest to locate to locateits weak its points.weak points. AccordingAccording to the designerto the designer of it the of machine it the machine functions functions with the with work the produced work produced by the bybuoyant the buoyant force force Keywords:Keywords: Perpetual Perpetual motion motionmachine, machine, heat engine, heat engine,efficiency. efficiency. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction1. Introduction websitewebsite of Hans-Peterof Hans-Peter Gramatke Gramatke there thereis a isdetailed a detailed presentationpresentation of the ofmost the knownmost known devices devices for the for designing the designing of of PerpetualPerpetual motion motion machine: machine: A machine A machine which, which, since setsince in set ina perpetuala perpetual motion motion machine machine with pictures,with pictures, assimilated assimilated function,function, continues continues to functionto function perpetually perpetually without without movements movements e.t.c. e.t.c. supplyingsupplying any energy. any energy. As an Asexampl an example, heree, is here a plumbing is a plumbing – mechanic – mechanic system system The questionThe question about aboutthe perpetual the perpetual motion motion machine machine is one is onewit h communicatingwith communicating tubes tubesof different of different length lengthas Fig.1, as Fig.1, of theof issues, the issues, which whichattracts attracts people people who tendwho totend believe to believe which whichcontains contains two liquids two liquids with anwith important an important difference difference in in strangestrange things thingsand occultism. and occultism. That’s That’s why suchwhy ideassuch ideasare aredensity density e.g. water e.g. waterand mercury. and mercury. The globules The globules that will that be will be adoptedadopted from various from various non-recognized non-recognized religious religious circles circles which whichmoving moving perpetually perpetually in the intwo the tubes, two tubes,float infloat both in liquids.both liquids. often describeoften describe in their in bookstheir booksor in theiror in speechestheir speeches perpetual perpetual Each globuleEach globule that goes that upwards goes upwards because because of the ofbuoyant the buoyant force force motionmotion machines, machines, which whichhowever however have haveneither neither been beenin the inleft the tube left falls tube onto falls the onto wheel, the wheel, which whichrotates rotates because because of of manufacturedmanufactured nor have nor functioned.have functioned. Usually Usually the members the members of ofeach globule’seach globule’s momentum, momentum, while whileafterwards afterwards drops dropsinto the into the these organizationsthese organizations ignore ignore the fundamental the fundamental laws oflaws physics of physics right tube.right Theretube. Therethe increased the increased total weighttotal weight of the ofglobules the globules and surelyand surelythey arethey not are the not researchers the researchers who possesswho possess the thepushes pushes the formed the formed column column and in and this in way this another way another globule globule knowledgeknowledge to improve to improve or generalize or generalize the laws. the Onlaws. the On other the otherreaches reaches the bottom the bottom and then and itthen rises it torises the tosurface the surface of the of the side it sidemust it bemust stated be statedthat it thatis not it isalways not always easy to easy be provedto be proved liquid liquidin the inleft the tube, left andtube, so and on. soEven on. ifEven this ifdevice this device is not is not theoreticallytheoretically that itthat is impossibleit is impossible for a formanufacture a manufacture to topossible possible to function to function as a perpetualas a perpetual motion motion machine, machine, the the functionfunction because because in each in moreeach complicatedmore complicated system system a great a greatfactual factual cause seemscause seemsnot easy not to easy be located. to be located. numbernumber of secondaryof secondary or inconspicuousor inconspicuous activities activities are are involved,involved, which whichin energy in energy issues issuesshould should be taken be takeninto into consideration.consideration. There Thereis also is a alsogreat a numbergreat number of ideas of aboutideas aboutperpetual perpetual motionmotion machines, machines, which which(don’t) (don’t) function function with magnets,with magnets, chemicalchemical substances substances or flame. or flame. The «eternal The «eternal light» light»without without the additionthe addition of fuel of seems fuel seemsto have to beenhave cultivatedbeen cultivated through through the centuriesthe centuries mainly mainly in religious in religious circles. circles. Since Sincethe first the first centurycentury A.D. thereA.D. havethere beenhave relativebeen relative descriptions descriptions of the of the Roman military officer, politician, natural philosopher and Roman military officer, politician, natural philosopher and historianhistorian Gaius GaiusPlinius Plinius Secundus Secundus (23 – (2379 –A.D.). 79 A.D.). In the In the ______________ Fig..1. PerpetualFig..1. Perpetual motion motionmachine machine consisting consis of tinga plumbing of a plumbing – mechanic – mechanic ______________ system * E-mail address: * E-mail [email protected] address: [email protected] system ISSN: 1791-2377ISSN: 1791-2377 © 2008 Kavala © 2008 Institute Kavala of Institute Technology. of Technology. All rights reserved.All rights reserved. 53 D. Tsaousis/Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 1 (2008) 53- 57 D.D. Tsaousis/Journal Tsaousis/Journal of ofEngineering Engineering Scie Sciencence and and Technology Technology Review Review 1 (2008) 1 (2008) 53- 53- 57 57 astonished audience a perpetual motion machine, which was functioning for a several period of time, but information 2 . Historical elements statesastonished that audienceit proved a perpetualto be a motiongreat machine,deceit and which Bessler was disappeared.functioning forThere a severalaren’t any period other of details time, knownbut information about this T2.he Historical idea of theelements perpetual motion machine appears for the subject.states that it proved to be a great deceit and Bessler