CORNWALL COUNCIL AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AREA ACTION PLAN DETAILED PLAN TO IMPROVE AIR QUALITY IN CORNWALL FOLLOWING THE DECLARATION OF AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AREAS IN CORNWALL January 2013 CORNWALL COUNCIL Community Safety and Protection PUBLIC HEALTH AND PROTECTION SERVICE Cornwall Council AQMA Action Plan January 2013 Foreword Lance Kennedy Portfolio Holder for Public Health & Protection Cornwall Council The health of the population of Cornwall is of paramount importance to Cornwall Council; consequently the improvement of local air quality is a priority. It is a key part of both the emerging Local Plan and Health & Well-being strategies which aim to reduce risks to health and advance the well-being of the people of Cornwall. As part of its statutory duties Cornwall Council (and its predecessors) has declared Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) in: Tideford August 2011 Bodmin July 2008 Camborne-Pool-Redruth December 2005 These declarations were provoked by excessive levels of traffic-related nitrogen dioxide monitored in those areas. Following declaration an Action Plan has to be prepared setting out how this pollution will be addressed. Annual reports detailing Action Plan progress must also be published. For the first time, this document brings together all the Action Plans into a single coherent Cornwall-wide Action Plan and update, where previously each AQMA has been treated on its own. This helps identify common problems and solutions across Cornwall and assists the delivery of countywide policies in a local context. This is an essential document for Cornwall Council, our community and our partners. It gives a range of interventions which will contribute towards tackling poor air quality and ensure that future activities, such as the regeneration of Camborne/Pool/Redruth and Bodmin contribute to continually improving the quality of the air in our county, and well-being and sustainability for our residents and visitors. In order to ensure that all stakeholders have a degree of ownership of this document which in turn improves the likelihood of the plan succeeding in reducing pollution levels, and to ensure that no reasonable options for improvement has been missed, I encourage comments from any interested party. Lance Kennedy Portfolio Holder for Public Health & Protection Cornwall Council Cornwall Council AQMA Action Plan i January 2013 Contents 1.0 Executive Summary .............................................................................. 1 2.0 Policy context ....................................................................................... 3 2.1 Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) ........................................................... 3 Table 1. NAQS objective values ........................................................................ 4 3.0 The air quality review and assessment process in Cornwall .................. 5 3.1 Review and Assessment ............................................................................... 5 4.0 The Cornwall AQMA Steering Group ...................................................... 6 4.1 Steering Group Overview ............................................................................. 6 5.0 Consultation Process ............................................................................ 7 5.1 Consultation Overview ................................................................................. 7 5.2 Consultation Process.................................................................................... 7 5.3 Tideford Consultation ................................................................................... 8 6.0 Cornwall Baseline Information ............................................................. 9 6.1 Cornwall Population ..................................................................................... 9 6.2 Cornwall Traffic ........................................................................................... 9 Table 2. Percentage increase in AADT summer traffic ...................................... 9 Table 3. Percentage traffic growth for Cornwall as a whole............................ 10 6.3 Sources of air pollution in Cornwall .............................................................. 11 6.4 Development in Cornwall ........................................................................... 11 Table 4. Cumulative requirement to 2026 ....................................................... 12 Table 5. Current Supply ................................................................................. 12 6.5 Projected NO2 concentrations ...................................................................... 13 7.0 Health Effects of Air Pollution ............................................................. 15 7.1 Health-related aims ................................................................................... 15 8.0 Social Equity ....................................................................................... 17 8.1 Social Equity Related to Air Quality .............................................................. 17 9.0 Local policies, programmes and strategies ......................................... 19 9.1 Local Policies Overview .............................................................................. 19 10.0 Air Quality Monitoring in Cornwall .................................................... 20 10.1 Local Air Quality Monitoring ..................................................................... 20 11.0 Emission Reduction ........................................................................... 23 11.1 Nitrogen Oxides/Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx/NO2) ............................................ 23 Table 6. Maximum annual average NO2 reduction required (2011) ................ 25 Cornwall Council AQMA Action Plan ii January 2013 Table 7. Roadside NOx reduction required to achieve NAQS objective............ 26 12.0 Conclusion ........................................................................................ 28 Appendix 1: Cornwall Council generic actions .............................................. 29 A1.1 Overview .............................................................................................. 29 A1.2 Assessment of air quality actions ............................................................. 30 Table 8. Cornwall Council generic actions ....................................................... 31 Appendix 2. Emission reduction for actions ................................................. 38 Table 9. EU emission standards for heavy duty vehicles in g/kWh ................ 38 Table 10. Percentage change in projected emissions ..................................... 47 Appendix 3. Camborne/Pool/Redruth (CPR) AQMA ..................................... 49 Table 11. CPR AQMA – Action Progress: Current Actions ................................ 50 Appendix 4. Bodmin AQMA .......................................................................... 51 Table 12. Bodmin AQMA – Current Actions ..................................................... 53 Appendix 5. New AQMAs in Cornwall .......................................................... 54 Appendix 6. Tideford AQMA-AP .................................................................... 55 A6:1 Tideford Background .............................................................................. 55 A6:2 Tideford Detailed/Further Assessment ...................................................... 58 A6:3 Tideford Source apportionment ................................................................ 58 A6:4 Tideford AQMA-Action Plan ...................................................................... 62 A6:5 Tideford AQMA Consultation Process ......................................................... 62 A6:6 Consultation Response ............................................................................ 62 A6:7 Highways Agency – A38 .......................................................................... 63 A6:8 Tideford air quality monitoring ................................................................. 63 Table 13. Defra national bias adjustment factors for 2008 - 2011 .................. 63 A6:9 NO2 Background Concentrations .............................................................. 64 Table 14. Defra estimated background ........................................................... 64 A6:10 Tideford Diffusion Tube Monitoring Results ............................................. 65 Table 15. Tideford diffusion tube results table 2008 –2011 ............................ 66 3 Table 16. Required NO2 reduction g m‐ and % - 2011 ................................. 67 A6:11 Improvements required to achieve the objective ..................................... 67 Table 17. Suggested options for Tideford, feasibility assessment ................... 68 A6:12 Suggested Options for Tideford ............................................................. 70 A6:13 Proposed Options for Tideford ............................................................... 70 Table 18. Shortlisted options to be taken forward .......................................... 73 Cornwall Council AQMA Action Plan iii January 2013 Annex 1. Cornwall Review and Assessment Timetables ............................... 75 Table 19. Cornwall Council Area East 1 Review and Assessment .................... 75 Table 20. Cornwall Council Area East 2 Review and Assessment .................... 75 Table 21. Cornwall Council Area Central 1 R&A .............................................. 76 Table 22. Cornwall