Summary of the National Reports of NATO Member and Partner Nations to the NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives 2016 1400-17 NATO Graphics & Printing TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 5 Executive Summary . 7. 1 Representation of Men and Women in the Armed Forces in 2016 . 9 2 Applications and Successful Recruitments in 2016 . .13 . 3 Retention Statistics in 2016 . 15 3 .1 . Reserves . 19 3 .2 . Work-Life Balance - Parental, Maternity and Paternity Leave . 20 . 4 Services and Ranks in 2016 . .23 . 5 Integration of Gender Perspectives in 2016 . 29 5 .1 . Gender in Operations in 2016 . 33 6 2015 and 2016 NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives (NCGP) Recommendations to the Military Committee (MC) . 37 . 7 Conclusion . 43 8 2016 National Reports from NATO Member Nations . 45 Albania . .47 . Belgium . 53 . Bulgaria . 59 . Canada . .65 . Croatia . 77. Czech Republic . .85 . Denmark . 91 Estonia . 97. France . 101 Germany . 107 Greece . 115 . Hungary . .121 . Iceland . 125 . 2016 NATO Summary of the National Reports 3 Italy . 127 Latvia . 137. Lithuania . 141 Luxembourg . 147 Netherlands . .151 . Norway . 157 Poland . 163 Portugal . 167 Romania . .173 . Slovakia . 179. Slovenia . 183. Spain . 189 Turkey . 195 United Kingdom . 201 . United States . 207 . 9 2016 National Reports from NATO Partner Nations . 213 Australia . .205 . Austria . 221 Finland . 227. Georgia . 233 Ireland . 237 Japan . 241 Moldova . .245 . Montenegro . .249 . New Zealand . 253. Serbia . 259. Sweden . 261 Switzerland . 267. Ukraine . 269 Acronyms . .271 . 4 2016 NATO Summary of the National Reports INTRODUCTION The 2016 Summary of the National Reports of NATO member and partner nations to the NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives (NCGP) on the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 on Women, Peace and Security is the third edition of the NATO’s comparative study on the integration of gender perspectives in the armed forces . For NATO as an Alliance, UNSCR 1325, gender mainstreaming and the integration of the gender perspectives into all our efforts and tasks remains a top priority . There can be no lasting peace without inclusion and gender equality which relate back to the fundamental values on which the Alliance was built – democracy, individual liberty, human rights and the rule of law . This extensive review of national statistics and policies demonstrates the effects and added value of integrating the gender perspective in recruitment, retention, work-life balance and in military operations . However, the purpose of the Summary is not only to provide transparent reporting on the improvements made on the gender domain, but also to share best practices, experiences and comparison of different approaches . This work, therefore, becomes an exemplar for NATO member and partner nations determined to fulfil NATO’s and their commitments. I would like to thank all the contributing nations and subject matter experts who contributed to this body of work . Jan Broeks, NLD Lieutenant General Director General of NATO International Military Staff 2016 NATO Summary of the National Reports 5 6 2016 NATO Summary of the National Reports EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 2016 Summary of the National Reports of NATO member and partner nations (hereafter referred as ‘Summary’) to the NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives (NCGP) is a comprehensive compendium of the statistics, policies and programmes related to the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 on Women, Peace and Security and related resolutions in the armed forces . The origins of this work date back to 1998, when the NCGP began to request annual National Reports from all NATO member nations. In 2015, the Office of the Gender Advisor of the International Military Staff at NATO HQ (IMS GENAD), as the secretariat to the NCGP, began to forward a standardised online questionnaire to all NATO member and partner nations . The result was a conclusive report with an analysis of the implementation and mainstreaming of gender perspectives in the armed forces . The 2016 Summary is the third edition of the report and shows significant progress and commitment of NATO member and partner nations . As the questionnaire has been standardized, the final report provides comparisons with last year’s data and shares a review of gender policies and programmes adopted by the Nations . The 2016 Summary collects data from all NATO member and 13 partner nations - Australia, Austria, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Japan, Moldova, Montenegro, New Zealand, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine . The first part of the 2016 Summary comprises the Executive Summary, which is organised in seven Chapters . These are: Representation of Men and Women in the Armed Forces, Applications and Successful Recruitment, Retention Statistics (including Reserves and Work- Life Balance), Services and Ranks, Integration of Gender Perspectives (including Gender in Operations), the 2015 and 2016 NCGP Recommendations to the Military Committee (MC) and Conclusion . The second part of the 2016 Summary introduces the profiles of all NATO member and partner nations separately and offers a detailed overview of national legislation, programmes and policies related to the advancement of the implementation of UNSCR 1325 and related resolutions in the armed forces. 28 NATO member nations are introduced first, followed by 13 NATO partner nations . Although Montenegro is since 2017 a member nation, for the purpose of this Summary reflecting year 2016, the Montenegrin national report is presented at the second part designated for the partner nations . The 2016 Summary also builds up on the work and analysis conducted in previous years . The Chapters on the Representation of Men and Women in the Armed Forces, Applications and Successful Recruitment, Retention Statistics, Services and Ranks and Integration of Gender Perspectives in the Armed Forces have been maintained as well as the deliberate use of the same graphs, with updated statistics, which allows comparison between years . However, several innovations were introduced; such as additional graph to further review the statistical data provided on the main areas of employment of men and women in the armed forces and column graphs on the distribution of men and women in the armed forces . Furthermore, new graphs have been added to the Chapter 4 – Ranks and Services to provide detailed overview of the distribution of ranks among men and women and in Chapter 6 - the 2015 and 2016 NCGP Recommendations to the MC is provided overview of actions taken by nations on the implementation of the 2015 and 2016 NCGP Recommendations to MC . Each graph is further described and provided with significant results of 5 member nations and 1 partner nation. All innovations serve to better present the data . Ultimately, apart from the statistical overview, the 2016 Summary should also serve as a practical guide to NATO nations on how to gender mainstream and how to integrate gender perspectives in their armed forces by best practices provided in tables with selections of national approaches . 2016 NATO Summary of the National Reports 7 All NATO member and partner nations are highly encouraged to continue to submit their reports in the years to come, so that the Summary can become a continuous record that is increasingly effective and useful for all . Whilst there is commonality in much of the data and its presentation, the written narratives can vary quite considerably . As such, the IMS GENAD has purposely chosen not to amend the content . Nations are encouraged to consider what works best for them in subsequent reports . All Nations are responsible for the information they submitted . 8 2016 NATO Summary of the National Reports Representation of Men and Women in the Armed Forces in 2016 1 This chapter presents an analysis of the representation of men and women in the armed forces, all active duty military personnel, based on statistical information provided by NATO member and partner nations. The first section provides averages based on the National Reports submitted by NATO member nations . The second section looks at the averages based on the reports from NATO member and partner nations combined . Representation of Men and Women in the Armed Forces of NATO Member Nations Figure 1 shows that the average percentage of women in the armed forces of NATO member nations was 10 .9% in 2016 . This includes all active duty military personnel . In 2015, the average percentage of women in the armed forces was 10 .8% and in 2014 it was 10 .3% . Figure 2 shows the average percentage of female military personnel over the course of the last 18 years . This average has increased by 3 .8% since 1999 when women represented 7 .1% of the armed forces of NATO member nations . Figure 1: Average of men and women Active Duty military personnel in the armed forces of NATO member states in 2016 10.9% 89.1% Women Men Figure 2: Percentage of women in the armed forces of NATO member states from 1999 to 2016 10.5% 10.5%.