WESTERN PROVINCIAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, SRI LANKA & RUAF FOUNDATOIN OF THE NETHERLANDS Report of the food flow mapping Kesbewa Urban Area Jayantha Gunasekera for Janathakshan Guarantee Ltd 10/18/2012 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Objectives of the study ................................................................................................................... 6 3. Research Questions: ....................................................................................................................... 7 4. Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Identifying the daily food basket ............................................................................................ 8 4.2 Prioritizing crops ................................................................................................................... 10 4.3 Mapping the food flow ......................................................................................................... 16 5. Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 21 5.1 Sample characteristics .......................................................................................................... 21 5.2 Daily food basket .................................................................................................................. 22 5.3 Food purchasing and food miles ........................................................................................... 24 5.4 The food flow maps .............................................................................................................. 28 .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 5.5 Food miles ............................................................................................................................. 33 5.6 Local food production ........................................................................................................... 33 6. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 36 1 | P a g e List of Tables Table 1: Sample stratums............................................................................................................................ 10 Table 2: List of main crops already grown or that can be grown in Kesbewa ............................................ 10 Table 3: Product Selection Score Sheet ...................................................................................................... 11 Table 4: Product Selection justification ...................................................................................................... 12 Table 5: Sources of information on wholesalers ........................................................................................ 17 Table 6: Market centers in Kesbewa ........................................................................................................... 17 Table 7: Main market places deals with above prioritized fruits and vegetables in Kesbewa ................... 17 Table 8: Details of traders interviewed ....................................................................................................... 20 Table 9: Types of rice consumed................................................................................................................. 22 Table 10: types of vegetables in the daily food basket ............................................................................... 23 Table 11: types of fruits in the daily food basket........................................................................................ 24 Table 12: Types of leafy vegetables (Mallum) in the daily food basket ..................................................... 24 Table 13: Respondents who cultivate vegetables/fruits in their home gardens ........................................ 25 Table 14: Locations where local production takes place at present ......................................................... 28 Table 15: Means of Transport ..................................................................................................................... 33 2 | P a g e List of Figures Figure 1: Sample and the population ............................................................................................................ 9 Figure 2: The map of main markets ............................................................................................................ 19 Figure 3: A whole sale/retail markets ......................................................................................................... 20 Figure 4: Professional categories of the sample ........................................................................................ 21 Figure 5: Professional categories of Kesbewa UC area in 2001 .................................................................. 22 Figure 6: Frequency of food purchase ........................................................................................................ 24 Figure 7: Home garden on a concrete roof of a ground floor of an incomelete two storied house .......... 26 Figure 8: Source of purchase of food items ................................................................................................ 27 Figure 9: Distance travelled to purchase food .................................................................................... 28 Figure 10: Modes of consumer transport of food .................................................................................... 27 Figure 11: Transporting bananas in a three-wheeler ................................................................................. 28 Figure 12: Flow of beans ............................................................................................................................. 29 Figure 13: Flow of low country vegetables; long beans, brinjals, and ladies’ fingers ................................. 30 Figure 14: Flow of chilies ............................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 15: Flow of Fruits; Banana & Papaya ............................................................................................... 32 Figure 16: Leafy vegetable cultivation in a paddy land ............................................................................... 34 3 | P a g e Acknowledgements Contribution made by the stakeholders to this study is highly appreciated. In particular Janathakshan would like to thank the following individuals; the study team and those who played an active role in gathering data, made contributions during discussions and provided advice. 1. S.T. Kodikara 2. Oshadee Pothuhera 3. Edouard Massonneau 4. Bhathiya Kekulandala 5. Vajira Hettige 6. Ajith Nandana 7. Nilantha Atapattu 8. Keerthisri Wijesinghe 9. Buddi Diwakara Lanka 10. Nilani Madalagama 11. Tharanga Dilruk 4 | P a g e 1. Introduction The Agriculture Ministry of Western provincial council of Sri Lanka in collaboration with the RUAF Foundation of The Netherlands and UN Habitat, Kenya is in the process of designing their intervention to establish Urban and Peri-Urban Agroforestry (UPAF) in Kesbewa Urban Council (Colombo District) to contribute to mitigation of climate change effects, and as a basis for generating knowledge with an objective of wider replicating the concept. As an entry to the project, RUAF and the Ministry initiated a diagnosis and assessment study; to identify appropriate UPAF models that fit well within the present and future land use patterns in Kesbewa and to identify the wider context within which UPAF can be replicated and guided by relevant policies and vulnerabilities. The diagnosis and assessment includes five interrelated studies to identify feasible UPAF models: Vulnerability mapping, Land use mapping, Food flow mapping. Policy scan and quick scan feasibility. This report is on the food flow analysis carried out by Janathakshan; an organisation formed by Practical Action with the participation of partners; Western provincial ministry of Agriculture and Kesbewa Urban Council and other relevant stakeholders. These include the Department Agrarian Development, Kesbewa Divisional secretariat (including Divineguma and Grama Niladhari), Urban Development Authority, Climate Change Secretariat, Disaster Management Centre, farmers and traders. 5 | P a g e 2. Objectives of the study Transport, packaging, cooling and storage of food contribute to urban pollution and noise, energy use and GHG emissions. Large amounts of food are brought into the city from distant production centres and sold in bulk on whole-sale markets. Larger transporting distances and storage require refrigeration and air conditioning, which involve higher energy expenditures. In addition, refrigeration equipment contributes to emissions of hydrochloro- fluoro-carbons (HCFCs). Replacing food imports by local production can thus contribute to reduction in energy use