M I D L O T H I A N A . " M L U M M . L A L . B . ALE . c C , , L W ith Dia x a m s s Maps, g and Illustration C a m b ridge a t th e Un i vers i ty Press $ 8 0 9” M ia /W um CONTENTS M o County a n d Shire . idl thian o o General Characteristics . P siti n ditio n s S . S o ize hape . B undaries Surface and General Features . Watershed . Rivers . Lakes Geo logy and So il Natural History Peregrinati o n of th e Coast Cli m ate and Rainfall — o o o n Pe ple Races , P pulati Agriculture Industries and Manufactures Mines and Minerals Fisheries Shipping and Trade fl CONTENTS A ntiquities — Architecture (a ) Ecclesiastical — Architecture (b) Military Municipal — Architecture (d) Dom estic — Com m unicatio ns Past and Present Adm inistrati on Th e Ro ll o f H onour Th e Chief Towns and Villages o f Midlothian ILLU STRATI ON S Edinburgh fro m th e Castl e Th re ipm u i r Reservo ir Arth ur ’ s Seat Hawth o rnde n o River Esk , R slin Glen Duddi ng sto n Loch Fault Fo rm ati o n o f Rift valley Crag and Tail m o Cra nd Brig . Po rto bell o Prom enade Wind Ro se Curves sh o wing th e co m parative gro wth o f th e po pulati o ns o f Lanarkshire and Midl othian Newbattle Abbey New h aven o Four Generati ns , Newhaven Fishwives Lei th Piers o th e of 1 Edinburg h Castle , as it was bef re sieg e 5 7 3 R o slin Castle Th e B o re Sto ne Musselburgh Bridg es ' Mary Og een o f Scots viii ILLUSTRATIONS Sw o n anst . Edinburgh Castle Weapo ns of th e Sto ne and Bro nze Ag es o o Urn f und at Mag dalen Bridge , J ppa St Margaret ’ s Chapel H o lyroo d Chapel St ’ Giles , Edinburgh o R slin Chapel . R o slin Chapel and Prentice Pillar Corsto rp h ine Church Crichto n Church Th e o Du ddi n ston J ug s , g Church Dal h ousie Castle Merchisto n Castle Scottis h Regalia M o ns M eg B o rthwick Castle and Church Crichto n Castle Town Hall , Musselburg h m o Old Parlia ent H use, Edinburg h ’ Geo rge Heri ot s H o spital ’ D o nalds o n s H o spital Dean Bridg e , Edinburgh . ’ Ioh n Kn o x s H ouse Ho lyrood Palace and Abbey ’ ( een oom o o b Mary s Bedr , H lyr od Dalkeith H ouse Hawtho rnden Castle o Pinkie H use, Musselburg h O x en f oo rd Castle Th e So Luggie , utra John Kn o x ’ Sto ne m arking approxi m ately th e place of Knox s grave ILLUSTRATI ONS i x ’ Scott s Statue i n th e M o num ent ’ ’ Bu rn s s Monum ent and Arthur s Seat R o bert Ferg usso n Allan Ra m say G eo rge Buc h anan Dr Joh n Bro wn Robert Lo uis Stevens o n Th e C o Svs a n sto n ttag e , f Francis , Lord Je frey Si r Ralp h Abe rcro m by Si r H e n ry Ra e b u r n Crai g m illar Castle S Princes treet , Edinburg h G ra s s m a rk et i , Ed nburg h ( a dra n le i i e i Old b g , Ed nburg h Un v rs ty Fettes C o ll eg e . o i S o o n R yal H g h c h l , Edi burg h i Greyfriars C h urc h , Ed nburg h ’ Si r S o o ta w Walter c tt s C t g e , Lass ade o m C uncil C h a bers , Leit h Po lton Penicuik C h urc h Va lley fi e ld Pape r Mills and Pen icuik Diag ra m s MAP S Orog raphical Map o f M idl oth ian Geol og ical Map o f M idl oth ia n Rainfall m a p o f Sco tland Th e o o n . 1 2 6 1 1 1 0 illustrati ns pp 9 5 , , 3 7 , 4 7 , 5 , and 1 a re o e o m o o R i i 5 4 repr duc d fr p h t g ra p h s by Messrs W . tc h e and x ILLUSTRATIONS S 2 2 o n o n . 8 8 8 ; those pp 3 , 9 , 7 , 7 , . 4 , 9 3 , 1 10 2 1 16 1 1 1 1 12 0 12 1 12 8 12 9 6 , 9 8 , 0 0 , , , 7 , 9 , , , , 9 , I I S 7 , 8 8 , 2 a r V S 0 3 e from photographs by Messrs J . alentine and ons ; those ’ 1m Knox o n . 1 16 6 a re . o m 0 pp . 9 , and reproduced fr Cowan s 7 ’ o r f . m o n . 1 c u tes o . S 0 by y , Messrs. G P Putna s ons ; that p 7 is o b m o f th e S o f o f repr duced . y kind per ission ociety Antiquaries S o n . 1 2 1 1 6 1 1 18 1 18 2 a re cotland ; those pp . 7 , 7 3 , 7 , 7 7 , 7 9 , , and m o . r m o n 1 fro ph tograp h s by Messrs T and R . A an , and that p . 7 4 from a photog raph by Mr E m ery Walker . 1 C o a n d S h e . M l o h a . u nty i r id t i n . For purposes o f administration Scotland is divided ” into portions known as Shires o r Counties . Shi re is usually said to be cognate with “ share ” and to mean “ ” is n ow u division , but this derivation disp ted a county is the district which was at o n e time under the jurisdiction a s of a Count . The division goes back far as we have w o f ritten record , although the number Sh ires has varied in c ourse of time and the boun daries have not always o fli c ia l remained the same . Th e who represented the ’ King s a u thority in the shire wa s known a s the Shire reeve or Sh erifl ; and sheriffdoms were modi fied in number and in area from time to time as was found convenient . Thus in 13 0 5 there were at least twenty fi - ve , while at present there are thirty three . s h e rifido m o f Probably , the Edinburgh originally extended over the whole of the Lothians ; later it was “ defined a s a district extending from C olb ra n dspa th (n o w Cockburnspath) o r Edgeb u c klin Brae on the east to the ” water of Avon o n the west ; by limitations made at various times it was reduced till it coincided with the a s 18 0 county now defi ned ; and again , since 7 the Sh erifl' o f Edinburgh exercises jurisdiction over Midlothian , Linlithgow , Haddi n gton , an d Peebles . M . M . 2 MIDLOTHIAN Th e district of Lothian varied in extent from time to time, the name being vaguely applied to the low country south of the Forth as far as the Tweed . The significance of the name is uncertain . It may be derived from the G aelic word for marsh or mire or alluvial land ' or it may be c c mn ec ted with the Saxon word for the ’ léoa a léod people , , or that for a chief, , in which case the term may have been applied to distinguish the Saxon inhabitants of the region from the Celtic tribes among whom they had settled . Whatever its origin the name has had several forms ; the G aels called it Leth ea d ; the S Loth e n e n axons, ; while its Lati form was usually ia Lodon e . Colloquially it was pronounced Lowden , as ’ A ” . S S . in R L tevenson s poem , Lowden abbath Morn Th e name is n ow restricted to the counties of Linlithgow, Edinburgh , and Haddington , which are M id known respectively as West , , and East Lothian . Ecclesiastically, the Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale corresponds roughly to the three civil districts named s with the addition of Peeble shi re and part of Lanarkshire . h a e e a l C a e s . 2 . G n r r ct ristic Pos iti on n d Na a l C n a tu r o ditions . Forming part of the southern shore of the Firth of Forth , containing tracts of the most fertile land in the kingdom and extensive areas of hill country well adapted for grazing, and having within its borders a rich coal fi eld , Midlothian is at once a maritime, an agricultural 4 MIDLOTHIAN ‘ l a a as to ra . p , and an industrial region With the c pital o tgth e h ‘ country for its c ief town , it may be regarded as the metropolitan county of Scotland , having a share i n the legal , administrative , and educational functions of the metropolis .