Vol1.Book Page i Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM The Peter Martyr Library Volume One Early Writings i Vol1.Book Page ii Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM The Peter Martyr Library Series One General Editors JOHN PATRICK DONNELLY, S. J., and JOSEPH C. McLelland Managing Editor ROBERT V. SCHNUCKER Editorial Committee Marvin W. Anderson Rita Belladonna Edward J. Furcha Frank A. James III William J. Klempa Editorial Board Irena Backus Alister E. McGrath Institut d’histoire de la Réformation Wycliffe Hall Université de Génève Oxford University Peter S. Bietenholz John McIntyre University of Saskatchewan University of Edinburgh Rita Belladonna H. Wayne Pipkin York University Associated Mennonite Biblical Downsview, Ontario Seminaries, Elkhart, Indiana Fritz Büsser Jill Raitt Institut für Schweizer University of Missouri Reformationsgeschichte, Zurich Columbia, Missouri Antonio D’Andrea Donna R. Runnalls McGill University, Montreal McGill University, Montreal Richard C. Gamble Luigi Santini Calvin College and Seminary Chiesa Evangelica Valdese Grand Rapids, Michigan Firenze Robert M. Kingdon Pamela D. Stewart Institute for Research in the Humanities McGill University University of Wisconsin-Madison Montreal William Klempa John Tedeschi The Presbyterian College, Montreal University of Wisconsin-Madison John H. Leith Thomas F. Torrance Union Theological Seminary of Virginia University of Edinburgh Michael Percival-Maxwell Cesare Vasoli McGill University, Montreal Facoltà della Storia, Firenze Vol1.prelims Page iii Friday, April 16, 2010 9:15 AM iii Vol1.Book Page iv Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM This book has been brought to publication with the generous support of Northeast Missouri State University and is published jointly by The Thomas Jefferson University Press and Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, Inc. Kirksville, Missouri, U.S.A. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Vermigli, Pietro Martire, 1499–1562. [Works. English. 1994] The Peter Martyr library. Series one / general editors, John Patrick Donnelly and Joseph C. McLelland p. c.m. — (Sixteenth century essays & studies : v. 30–31) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: v. 1. Early writings, creed, scripture, church / translated by Mariano Di Gangi and Joseph C. McLelland ; edited, with an introduction and notes, by Joseph C. McLelland — v. 2. Dialogue on the two natures of Christ / translated and edited with an introduction and notes by John Patrick Donnelly. ISBN 0-940474-32-8 (v. 1 : alk. paper) 1. Theology, Doctrinal—History‚ 16th century. 2. Bible—Criticism, interpretation, etc.—History—16th century. 3. Reformation. I. Donnelly, John Patrick, 1934– . II. McLelland, Joseph C. III. Title. IV. Series. BR350.V37 1994 270.6—dc29 94-18802 CIP Composed at Northeast Missouri State University Kirksville, Missouri 63501 Cover Art and Title Page by Teresa Wheeler, NMSU Designer Manufactured by Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, Michigan Text is set in Carter & Cone Galliard 10/13 Copyright ©1994 by Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, Inc., Kirksville, Missouri 63501 U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or trans- mitted in any format by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ∞ The paper in this publication meets or exceeds the minimum requirements of the American National Standard—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48 (1984). Vol1.Book Page v Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM Contents List of Illustrations vi Abbreviations used in this Volume viii General Editors’ Preface ix Biographical Introduction: Peter Martyr Vermigli, by Philip M. J. McNair 3 Part One The Apostles’ Creed Introduction, by Joseph C. McLelland 17 The Apostles’ Creed: A Plain Exposition of the Twelve Articles of the Chrisian Faith, translated by Mariano Di Gangi 27 I believe in God the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth 28 I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pointius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended to Hell. On the third day he rose from the dead. He as- cended into heaven and sits at the right side of the Father Almighty. From there he will come at last to judge the living and the dead 32 Conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary 36 He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and buried; he descended into hell 39 He was buried, and descended into hell. 43 The third day he rose again from the dead. He ascended into heaven, and sits on the right hand of God the Father Almighty 44 He shall come to judge the living and the dead 50 I believe in the Holy Spirit 55 I believe in the holy catholic church, the communion of saints 59 The forgiveness of sins 69 The resurrection of the flesh 73 And the life everlasting 75 Part Two Theses for Debate, Strasbourg, 1543–1545 Introduction, by Joseph C. McLelland 83 The Propositions 85 Education through Debate 86 The Necessary and the Probable 88 Text and Translation 89 v Vol1.Book Page vi Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM vi Contents Theses for Debate: The Propositions of Dr. Peter Martyr for Public Disputation in the School of Strasbourg translated by Joseph C. McLelland 91 Propositions from Genesis 91–125 Propositions from Exodus 126–151 Prospoitions from Leviticus 152–157 Judges 158 Prolemata 158 Part Three Schism and the True Church Introduction, by Joseph C. McLelland 163 Apologia pro ecclesia reformata 163 Peter Martyr and John Jewel 166 Della Vera Chiesa 167 Text and Translation 168 Schism and the True Church: Whether Evangelicals Are Schismatics for Having Separated from the Papists translated by Mariano Di Gangi 171 Of Schism 171 Our Separation was for Just Causes 173 Our Separation Was Absolutely Necessary 206 We Have Not Rejected the Church but Re- turned to It 212 Chief Works of Peter Martyr Vermigli 225 Recent Works on Peter Martyr Vermigli 226 About the Translators 227 Acknowledgments 228 Scripture References 229 Index 233 Vol1.Book Page vii Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM Illustrations Peter Martyr Vermigli, from painting by H. Asper 2 Title page from first edition of Vermigli’s Credo (1544) 16 Title page from English edition of Vermigli’s Credo (1578) 80 Title page from Vermigli’s Opuscula Theologica (1532) 82 Peter Martyr Vermigli’s likeness from Beza’s Icones 160 Title Page from Vermigli’s commentary on Kings (1566) 162 Title page from Vermigli’s Tratto della Vera Chiesa (1573) 170 vii vii Vol1.Book Page viii Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM Abbreviations used in this Volum‰ ACW Ancient Christian Writers Series. J. Quasten, W. J. Burghardt, and T. C. Lawler, General Editors. Westminster, Md.: Newman Press. BIB A Bibliography of the Writings of Peter Martyr Vermigli. John Patrick Donnelly and Robert M. Kingdon, with Marvin W. Anderson. Kirksville, Mo.: Six- teenth Century Journal Publishers, 1990. BSSV Bollettino Della Società Di Studi Valdesi. CHRP The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy. Edited by C. Schmitt and Q. Skinner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. CL Clavis Patrum Latinorum. CP Common Places of P. M. V. Anthony Marten. London, 1583. CR Corpus Reformatorum. Edited by C. G. Bretschneider and H. E. Bindseil. Halle, 1834–. CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. DM The Life, Early Letters and Eucharistic Writings of Peter Martyr. Translated by G. E. Duffield and J. C. McLelland. Oxford: Sutton Courtenay Press, 1989. KS Die Theologie Peter Martyr Vermiglis während seines ersten Aufenthalts in Strass- burg 1542-1547: Ein Reformkatholik unter den Vätern der reformierten Kirche. Beiträge zur Geschichte und Lehre der Reformierten Kirche, 31. Klaus Sturm. Neukirchen-Vluyne: Neukirchener Verlag, 1971. LC Loci Communes of Peter Martyr Vermigli, London: R. Masson, 1576; Basle: P. Perna, 1580–82 (3 vols.). McN Peter Martyr in Italy: An Anatomy of Apostasy. Philip M. J. McNair. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967. MWA Peter Martyr: A Reformer in Exile (1542-1562), Marvin W. Anderson. Nieuwk- oop: B. De Graaf, 1975. PG Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca. Edited by J. P. Migne. Paris, 1857. PL Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Latina. Edited by J. P. Migne. Paris, 1844– VWG The Visible Words of God: An Exposition of The Sacramental Theology of Peter Martyr Vermigli, J. C. McLelland. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1957. viii viii Vol1.Book Page ix Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM General Editors’ Preface HE PETER MARTYR LIBRARY is a series of English translations of the Tchief works of Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499–1562). This first volume is a composite, drawing together the work of three scholars and presenting biography, theology, ecclesiology, and biblical interpretation. These Early Writings afford a view of the making of a Reformer, his formation in “Italian Evangelism,” his advancement in a monastic and theological career, and his choice of exile on behalf of his new orientation. Philip M. J. McNair, leading modern biographer of Peter Martyr, offers a summary account of the life and work of this influential reformer. He traces the thorough grounding in philosophy and theology, the outstanding career in the Augustinian Order, and the subsequent events of an exile spent in three centers of Reform—Strasbourg, Oxford, and Zurich. The first two works translated here belong to the first Strasbourg period, 1543–47. The third is included because it represents Martyr's consid- ered reasons for leaving the Church of Rome. Together they provide insight into his early life and thought. All three display the heart of Martyr’s theology, which reflects Aristotle as well as Paul: theologia practica, both pastoral and moral. Although forty-three years old when he left Italy, Martyr’s monastic vocation occupied him too closely for systematic writing.