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University M icrofilm s Internationai 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8510655 Yamamoto, Vasumasa INTERORGANIZATIONAL COORDINATION IN CRISES: A STUDY OF DISASTERS IN JAPAN The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1985 University Microfilms internetionei300 N. zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1985 by Yamamoto, Vasumasa Aii Rights Reserved INTERORGANIZATIONAL COORDINATION IN CRISES A STUDY OF DISASTERS IN JAPAN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Vasumasa Yamamoto, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1985 Reading Committee: Approved By Professor Enrico L. Quarantelli Professor Ronald G. Corwin ^ Adviser Professor John Seidler Department of Sociology Copyright by Yasumasa Yamamoto 1985 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would have never come out without several financial supports. The research at Nagasaki was undertaken with the grant from Ministry of Education, Japan, which was administered through Disaster Study Group led by Professor Keizo Okabe at the University of Tokyo where I have been a member for three years, and the grant from Japan Economic Research Center. The research at Umegashima and Misugi was carried out with the grant from Ministry of Education, which was administered through a temporary group led by Professor Hiroshi Takahashi at the University of Tokyo, and the grant from Japan Economic Research Center. The opportunity to carry out the studies of the Izu Ohshima Kinkai Earthquake and the Miyagi Ken Oki Earthquake was furnished by Institute for Future Technology. Both Institute for Future Technology and the University of Tokyo not only provided me with the opportunity, but also induced me to continue studying disasters in Japan, for which I am most grateful. To Dr. E.L.Quarantelli, I shall remain foreever appreciative. As a person and as a scholar, he has given me great and deep influences throughout my graduate career at ii the Ohio State University. I learned much from him not only about sociology or disaster but also about a sincere attitude toward research and life. Without him, my success at the Ohio State University would have never been attained. Drs. Ronald Corwin and John Seidler served on my committee and gave valuable advices and suggestions for this dissertation as well as for my graduate studies. The late Dr.Margaret L. Helfrich also made many and unique contributions to my graduate experiences at the Ohio State University. I am indebted to a large number of persons. Among them two should be singled out. Professor Tsutomu Shiobara, of Osaka University, first introduced me to the discipline of sociology. Professor Susumu Kurasawa, of Tokyo Metropolitan University, introduced me to sociological research and taught me the importance of practical contribution of sociological research to a society as well as theoretical one to the field. I could have never continued my studies of sociology without the emotional and economic supports my wife, Kazuko Yamamoto, provided. For eleven years since I resigned Tour Conductor at Kinki Nippon Tourist Co Ltd., she has accepted many sacrifices and endured any kind of trials, for which I will remain foreever grateful. ill VITA February 25, 1944............................ Born - Yamaguchi, Japan 1968 ............................................................ B.A., Chiba University, Chiba, Japan 1968-1973.... ...................................... Tout Conductor, Kinki Nippon Tourist Co.Ltd. 1974 ............................................................ Graduated from Thé Non Degree Post Undergraduate Program,Chiba University, Chiba, Japan 1977 ............................................................ M.A., Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan 1979-1981 ................................................ Graduate Research Associate, Disaster Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1982-1984 ................................................ Senior Lecturer, Tokyo Zokei University 1984-Present ........................................ Associate Professor, Tokyo Zokei University PUBLICATIONS "A Conceptual Framework for Analysis of Organizational Responses to Earthquake” (in Japanese) Institute for Future Technology ed.. Reliability and Effectiveness of Actions for Earthquake Disaster Prevention (Tokyo :Institute for Future Technology, 1979) pp.10-16 "Disaster and Organizations" (in Japanese) Hirotada iv Hirose éd., Social Scientific Approach to Disaster (Tokyo; Shinyosha, 1981) pp.49-81 . "Disaster Studies in the United States in the Late 1970s" (in Japanese) Japanese Sociological Review Vol.31, No.4 1981 "Interorganizationa1 Coordination in the Recovery Period" (in Japanese) Institute of Journalism and Communication ed. Disaster and Human Behavior (Tokyo: The University of Tokyo Press, 1982) pp.170-193 "Responses to the False Warning in Hiratsuka City" (in Japanese) Institute of Journalism and Communication ed.. The False Warning and the Citizens in Hiratsuka (Tokyol Institute of Journalism and Communication, the University of Tokyo, 1982) pp.109-134 "Organizational Responses to Nagasaki Flood Disaster" (in Japanese) Institute of Journalism and Communication ed.. Organizational Responses to the 1982 Nagasaki Disaster (Tokyo: Institute oT Journalism and Communication, the University of Tokyo, 1983) pp.80-98, pp.112-120 "A Typhoon Disaster and An Isolated Community" (in Japanese) Hiroshi Takahashi ed.. Flood Disasters Caused by the Typhoon 8210 and their Impacts on the Socio-Economic Activities (Tokyo: The University of Tokyo, 1983) pp.74-82 "Disaster and Social Change" (in Japanese) Comprehensive Urban Studies No.17, December 1982, pp.117-129 "Evacuation Behavior in Okuyama Area" (in Japanese) In stitu te of Journalism and Communication ed.. People's Responses to the 1982 Nagasaki Disaster (Tokyo: In stitu te of Journalism and Communication, the University of Tokyo, 1984) pp.Ill-- 136 "Japan and America - Some Comparisons between Chonaikai and Community" (in Japanese) News Letter of English and American Literature Society. Chiba University No.4, October 1983, pp2-3 "Interorganizational Analysis of An Emergency Social System" (in Japanese) Ritsuo Akimoto ed.. Disaster and Social System (Tokyo: Institute of Social Sciences, Waseda University Press, 1984) pp.77-113 "The Present State of Jishubo and a Means of Its Activation" (in Japanese) Gekkan Shobo Vol.6, No.9, September 1984, pp.34-38 "Disaster and Stress" (in Japanese) Waro Yamamoto ed., Living Environment and Stress (Tokyo: Kakiuchi Shuppan, in print) "A Multi-Regression Analysis of Jishubo" (in Japanese) Institute of Journalism and Communication ed., Disaster and Communication (a p ro v isio n a l t i t l e ) (Tokyo: Institute of Journalism and Communication, The University of Tokyo, in print) FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Sociology Studies in Social Organization. Professor Ronald G. Corwin Studies in Collective Behavior. Professor Enrico L. Quarantelli Studies in Industrial Sociology. Professor Margaret L. Helfrich V i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................... ii VITA............. iv LIST OF TABLES............ ix LIST OF FIGURES............................... xiv CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION..................................... 1 1. What is a Disaster ? ................................................................1 2. Why is Interorganizational Coordination in the Energency and Restoration Periods Focused on ?..................................................................................5