Town The copyright of this thesis rests with the University of Cape Town. No quotation from it or information derivedCape from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of theof source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non-commercial research purposes only. University Interventionist Foreign Policy: Uganda's Security Challenges A Study Town Sumie i uime o e awa o e egee o OCO O IOSOY Cape eame ofo oiica Suies UIESIY O CAE OW y UniversityCaoe Kaugi Maumo .A. As. (Makeee Uiesiy, M. IS. (Uiesiy o Syey Supervised by oesso Aee Seeges Associae oesso ames Maa ue 2008 agiaism ecaaio I, Charlotte Karungi declare that the work that gave rise to this thesis, is my own original work, and that, where work from other scholars is used, it has been clearly referenced. This work has neither been nor is being submitted concurrently in any university or institution for any degree. Signed: Charlotte Karungi Date: Supervisor. Professor Annette Seegers Town Date: Cape Co-Supervisor: of Associate Professor James Mulira Date: University Dedication My moe osemay K. wemamu My usa uius a my cie Cais, Micee a Mak o USEiA e ogam as mae a woe wo o ieece o my caee Town Cape of University Acknowledgements o wos ae suicie o eess ow gaeu I am o eeyoe wo iecy a iiecy assise me i my suies. e gaiue I owe my esis aise a meo o Aee Seeges is eyo esimaio. e suo, guiace a sic equiemes wee o immese aue o is wok Se ouiey egage me i iese sessios o eoeica aaysis a mae my eceio o issues muc ceae. Se oie me wi iumeae eeeces a oee e ey we socke iay o me. ose wo ae ee o UC kow o e umeous acieemes as a scoa a a eace u ose wo wi ea is wi oe e gea iuece se as a i iecig e successu comeio o is ocoae. I am gaeu o Assoc o Muia ames (Makeee Uiesiy, ay cosueiso o is commes a isigs io my wok. is om eu o a as a cosa ema o moe wok o ea ke me o my oes. I eaise a muc o waTown I aciee was ecause e ogee wi o Seeges esue a I i o ose e momeum o e wok. I am eey iee o USEiA o e scoasi.Cape I ak a e suo sa o e USEiA ogam wo woke ieessy ofo make sue a a e iacia a ogisica equiemes o e ogam wee me i ime. e USEiA u oice cease o e a oice u asome io my esig ace. I am aku o e oe a cae om "mama a Wae", uaia aas, Cao Owag, Masego, uama giu a oma ey, ogee wi wo ae secia eoe, o Mai Wes a esey Sackeo wo oe wace om a isace eey se I mae. As a eow, I eaise a i was o eaig, iay wok a casses a maee,University u a aig ies wo cae eoug o ask ae you ea a amiy, wo se iay geeigs a gae you a swee eac ime you isie coiue geay o my emoioa a sycoogica weeig, aiues a ae eemey ia o ay acaemic ocess. My gaiue aso ees o o Mai egassick a Magae Sues ("my aes" i Cae ow o e oe a suo ey gae me wie i Cae ow. I ee my aeciaio o e osgauae uig oice o e Uiesiy o Cae ow, e Makeee Uiesiy Sa eeome Commiee a e Makeee Uiesiy Gauae Scoo o e susiiay iacia suo, wic came i ay o cae o my ees as a osgauae sue. I cao is a e ames o e sa a assise i is ueakig o ea o omiig ay, so kiy acces my aks. I ak o Seuwuuu o, M goi, e iii ae M Agaa, Ms Kaema, Ms Mugamwa, Cisie Maai a e Uiesiy usa wo iiiae e iacia ocess a is oug me o UC. My wok eeie om ciiques, iscussios a coiuios om o Kei Kause (Isiue o Gauae Suies: Geea, o im ee (UC: aw Scoo, o Caksaw (UC: Socioogy, Assoc o Aoy ue (UC: oiica Suies a . ey Cis. I am gaeu o e ea acuy o As (Makeee Uiesiy, Assoc o . Segeo, aukua ogoo, a my coeagues G. Asiimwe, . Muagui, M. Ciia, S. uaauka, Mwamusya eesa, . Kaoo, . Kamukama, Ocaya akii, a Muiwauaga, as we as o my meos o 0. oeie, o Gigyea iycwa a Okeo Ogwaga. ei isiaio a suo i is ueakig wee immese. ee ae oe usug eoes a eoies i suc acaemic ocesses, ye ei coiuio is iauae. My sicee aks go o . oi, osai Maee a uma Msuu (Amiisaos o e eame o oiica Suies a UC a . Sayu, . akaa,Town C. agawa (Seceaies o e acuy o As a Makeee Uiesiy. My eay aks o sa a e IS (UC eame,Cape e iaies o UC, aicuay e e Aica Suies iay, a o e Kowegeof Commos uoo Ismai, iae See a sue suo sa wo ee me o seac o a e ocumes a I equie. Secia meio mus e mae o e sa a e iaies o Makeee Uiesiy, e aiame o Ugaa a e Miisy o oeig Aais, e Sma Ams Suey oec (Isiue o Gauae Suies: Geea a e Isiue o Saegic Suies (UK o a ei assisace a guiace. I wou aso ike o eess my aeciaio owas e Ugaa aioa Couci o Sciece a ecoogyUniversity o eig me wi my iewok eaaios. uig my iewok, I a ceeu a eicie e om my eseac assisas Wamwaya, Mai, See waga, agiaa ais, Muai ai a Sam wekua a my ies, a o wom aye a iauae oe ougou my ueakig. I am iee o M. Owee, E. yaia, . aea, . emuee, Seio Commaas, Oices a Me o e Ugaa eoes eece oces (Ugaa (wom o uoses o aoymiy I cao meio y ame a a my ieiewees. I am aso gaeu o e sa o e esecie miisies, aioa ueaus a agecies i Ugaa, waa, e C, uui a e sa a e ieic auma ouaio. i I ay iue o my ae uces See Mukasa a ose aie wo wee aways ou o eey sigiica se I ook i my ie. I aso ay iue o my cies ay Sea Kaoia, wo ooke ae my cie uig e is wo yeas a I sae is couse. May e o es ei sous i eea eace. I ee my aeciaie aks o e UC Sue ousig eame, aicuay o Ms oa, a o Goug a e sa a e Uiesiy ea Cee o e om meica aeio we I soug i. ougou e sages o is suy a esis, my amiy was iceie. ei aiece, oe a cae wee a I eee o comee is wok. My eees aeciaio goes o my usa uius, my cie oseye, Micee, Cais, Mak a Mai wo aiey waie o me o iis my "ome wok". uius was a woeu ae wo ueook a e esosiiiies wie I was away, e ea my as a e ke my imeae ougouTown e suy. I am aso iee o my sises om a Gace o a e suo owas my amiy. ak you ey muc. A ey secia eso o a my eeaous as ee my ie sise Helen Lwemamu, wo iiiay ooke ae my cie a me uigCape my ia yea a UC: ee is ie moe o say ecause o eessio o gaiue wouof suice o ecasuae e e o my gaiue owas e o e eos. asy, I am eey iee o my moe osemay, a sic isciiaia wo aways o me "a wok kis o woma, i is aiess a oes": e ecouageme a suo wee iauae. University ak you a. Asac This study set out to answer one critical question, namely, what is the most parsimonious theory that explains Uganda's interventionist foreign policy behaviour in three of its neighbouring states of Burundi, Rwanda and the DRC during 1986-2006. Drawing on four theoretical approaches, viz. Constructivism, Poliheurism, Liberalism and the Security Dilemma theory, which is a variant of Realism, this study examines how the interventions manifested in each state. It is argued that, the Security Dilemma theory is the most parsimonious theoretical perspective because it explains multiple exercises of Uganda's interventions in its western neighbouring states. Where the Security Dilemma is unable to explain Uganda's interventionist foreign policy, it requires other theories to complement it to explain all the interventions conclusively. The alternative theories drawn upon to complement the Security Dilemma are Constructivism, Poliheurism and the Utilitarian Liberal position. The study argues that although the use of a single theoretical approach may indeed be able to explain a specific intervention Townat a given time, it may not be sufficiently comprehensive to encapsulate Uganda's interventionist foreign policy in all three states thus the application of multiple theories. The rationale of using multiple theories lies in their ability to interpret different types of interventionsCape and to complement each other in explaining interventions. of Using a theoretical comparison, the study consisted of two phases. The first phase covered the desktop research, which provided background information on the case as well as historical documentary sources. In the second phase, qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used to study the different ways in which Uganda's interventions manifested in the region.University More specifically, interviews were conducted with relevant political actors in the region, and quantitative analysis of the censuses were carried out to obtain people's opinions on respective foreign policy actions, thus providing the study with an in-depth perspective on the processes that led up to the different interventions in each state.