A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON HILLARY CLINTON’S CAMPAIGN SPEECH A THESIS BY MERLIN DAMANIK REG.NO.140705011 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Wednesday, December 19th, 2018 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001 Board of Examiners Prof. T.Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. ___________________________ Dr. Deliana, M. Hum. ____________________________ Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum. _____________________________ UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, MERLIN DAMANIK, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : December 19th, 2018 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : MERLIN DAMANIK TITLLE OF THESIS : A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON HILLARY CLINTON’S CAMPAIGN SPEECH QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : December 19th, 2018. vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to the only Savior of mine, Jesus Christ, for He always bless me abundantly. Even, blessings in disguise an unpredictable strength for me during the time of doing and finishing this thesis of mine. Naturally, I can do nothing without Him. My very special gratitude is for my beloved parents, my Father Efendi Damanik, the greatest man who always cares for me and give extract support in writing this thesis and my mother Rina Purba, the best woman I ever had who always prays for me, always listens to my sad yet happy story in writing and finishing this thesis. Thank you for always support me, and taught for me to always patient and remind me about healthy body is very important first. Moreover, I do thank you to my beloved brother and sisters, who always give me support to do the best in my college life. I always have a lot of love for you guys. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum. as my supervisor for her knowledge, patience, and support for me to write and finish this thesis. Also, I would like to thank to Dian Marisha Putri, S.S, M.Si as my co-supervisor for her kindness, knowledge to help me in writing this thesis. My gratitude also goes to the Head and the Secretary of English Department, Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph.D., and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D., and all of the lectures and the staff of English Department for the facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this faculty. My special thanks goes to Medio Purba as my everyday partner for being another best person who gives me support, love and share so many happiness. I hope you can graduated, from your college and find your ambition and I hope we can always make our parents proud and we can build our dream together in the future. vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA I want thank to my organization, HIMAPSI, GMNI, as my organization with all the great people in there, always build my knowledge and my mind set, thanks for everything You have done guys And then I want thank to my cray friend in my classmate, who always support, listening and accompany me for 4 years, we always together in happing and sadness, Desy Purba, Entina Manalu and Widia Panjaitan, thanks guys. And also special thanks to my beloved friend in Siantar, Frida Pahla Sitanggang, Thanks for your advice, support and helping me, so you can get your success too. Moreover, I want to thank to all my friends in English Literature 2014 A. Thank you for a memorable 4 years spent with you guys. I am really grateful to have everyone supporting me in the process of writing this thesis. Thank you so much for being my power and motivator. Finally, May this thesis be advantageous for the readers, May the grace and love of God be with us all forever. Amin. Medan, December 19th 2018 Merlin Damanik Reg. No. 140705011 viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This research discusses about Hillary Clinton‘s speech entitled ―A Critical Discourse Analysis on Hillary Clinton‘s Campaign Speech‖. The objectives of this research are finding the text structure, social cognition and social analysis on Hillary Clinton‘s campaign speech. The analysis focused on the critical discourse analysis on Hillary Clinton‘s campaign speech text. This research conducted Van Djik Critical Discourse Analysis theory and qualitative method. This research not only discusses text structure of the speech, but also social cognition and social context of Hillary Clinton‘s campaign speech. In the conclusion, this research shows that each campaign speech has different styles in presenting the text. Hillary Clinton campaign speech focuses on, her experience and vison to build America. The result shows that CDA can explore the relationships between language and ideology. Through the language used, it can be known the strength of power and purpose of the speaker, which the power is strongly felt and the ideology is clearly seen as well as understandable. Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), text structure, social cognition, social context. ix UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas tentang pidato kampanye Hillary Clinton, dengan judul ―A Critical Discourse Analysis on Hillary Clinton‘s Campaign Speech‖. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan struktur kalimat, sosial kognisi dan sosial konteks pada pidato kampanye Hillary Clinton. Analisis ini fokus pada analisis wacana kritis ada teks pidato kampanye Hillary Clinton. Penelitian ini menggunakan Analysis Wacana Kritis teori Van Djik dan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini tidak hanya membahas tentang struktur teks pada pidato tetapi juga pada sosial kognisi dan sosial konteks pidato kampanye Hillary Clinton. Kesimpulanya, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap pidato kampanye memiliki gaya yang berbeda dalam menyajikan teks. Pidato kampanye Hillary Clinton, fokus pada pengalamanya dan visinya untuk membangun Amerika. Hasilnya, menunjukkan bahwa AWK dapat menyelidiki hubungan antara bahasa dan ideologi. Melalui bahasa yang digunakan, dapat diketahui kekuasaan dan tujuan daripada sipembicara, yang mana kekuasaan adalah perasaan yang kuat dan ideologi dapat dengan jelas dilihat sebagaimana dimengerti. Kata kunci: Analisis Wacana Kritis (AWK), Struktur Teks, Sosial Kognisi, Sosial Konteks x UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENT AUTHORS DECLARATION.........................................................................................v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION..................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................vii ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................ix ABSTRAK.........................................................................................................................x TABLE OF CONTENT..............................................................................................xi LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................xiii LIST OF PICTURES...................................................................................................xiv LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................xv LIST OF APPENDIX...................................................................................................xvii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ..................................................................... 1 1.2 Problems of the Study .......................................................................... 5 1.3. Objectives of the Study ....................................................................... 5 1.4. Scope of the Study .............................................................................. 6 1.5. Significance of the Study .................................................................... 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Discourse Analysis ............................................................................... 7 2.2 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) ..................................................... 8 2.3 Van Dijk‘s Discourse Analysis Concept ............................................ 11 2.3.1 Text Analysis .................................................................................