Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 5, 2020 Review Article PROBLEMS OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN TRANSLATION PROCESS 1Tukhtasinov Ilkhomjon Madaminovich 1Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. E-mail address: [email protected] Received: 21.01.2020 Revised: 15.02.2020 Accepted: 17.03.2020 Abstract The present article is devoted to investigation of culture-related words / expressions and ways of their translation from Uzbek into English. Such words are often met in the process of cross-cultural communication, so the translator should be ready to render their meaning by effective methods. The most popular method is descriptive method which is used in case when Uzbek words / expressions with national-cultural specifics don’t have English equivalents or analogues. Key words: translation process, national specifics, cross-cultural communication, word, expression, culture, descriptive method, calque. © 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.05.178 INTRODUCTION important definitions by prominent scholars about the The necessity for this work is to investigate and to create new translation. and easy ways of translation of words denoting culture. As we know, in today`s globalization process we cannot imagine any If we take a close glance to translation, there are two country separate from the countries of it lie in neighborhood competing theories of translation. In one, the predominant and even countries that are exist in remote distance. Indeed, purpose is to express as exactly as possible the full force and they have close relationship with each other in any case, such meaning of every word and turn the phrase in the original, and as cultural, political, economical and etc. The successful in the other predominant purpose is to produce a result that completion of the making good relation with other countries does not read like a translation at all, but rather moves in its depends on the correct organization cultural interrelation new dress with the same ease as in its native rendering. Faced between each other. The demand for this investigation is to with such task, a good translator neither of these two analyze the proper ways rendering Uzbek works into English. approaches can ever be entirely ignored. Conventionally, it is The more Uzbek literature will be translated into English the suggested that in order to perform their job successfully, more the world community will be acquainted with our translators should meet three important requirements; they culture. There is a growing need for specialists who bear the should be familiar with. The first one is the source language, the expierence of understanding our culture deeply and bear the second one is the target language and the third one is the talent convey in target language reader. All in all, taking the subject matter. facts stated above into consideration, this is one of the topical Based on this premise, the translator discovers the meaning issues of making the world’s population close to each other between the forms in the source language and does his best to and making obstacle before the tendencies of any produce the same meaning in the target language using the misunderstanding between globe countries. Actuality of the forms and the structures of the target language. Consequently, present work is explained by the deep interest to the problem what is supposed to change is the form and the code and what of translation of lexica-semantic and lingual-cultural should remain unchanged is the meaning and the message [1]. peculiarity of words denoting culture and by the absence of literature based on the translation of Uzbek national colored In practice, there is also considerable variation in the types of words into English or vice versa. translations produced by translators. Some translators work only in two languages and arecompetent in both. Others work MATERIAL AND METHODS from their first language to their second language, and still We used descriptive, comparative-contrastive and others from their second language to their first language. observational methods in order to reveal particular features of Observation of many years in translation proved that two translation of cultural words. translators may be translating from the same source text and Translation theory is the study of the proper principles of into the same target language; however the results may be translation. Based on a solid foundation of understanding of very different. There is not one correct translation of a given how languages work, translation theory recognizes that text. Reasons for this variation include in the primary step different languages encode meaning in different forms, yet purpose of the translation, and the next is the translation guides translators to find appropriate ways of preserving teams itself and the last the target language audience for meaning, while using the most appropriate forms of each whom the translation is intended. language. Translation theory includes principles for translating figurative language, dealing with lexical RESULTS AND DISCUSSION mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion The Uzbek language is one of the languages that have great markers, and many other topics crucial to good translation. history, many words that borrowed from Arab, Persian, Tajik, Russian and other languages. Its culture also differs The academic discipline of translation study became a concept throughout the region to region, village to village. Yet, there is in the 1950s, however translation activity is rather an old term such diversity in culture that the problem of rendering its text and its history dates back from antiquity centuries. Up to now to target text will be somehow arduous. As either literal there are given hundreds of distinctive definitions by many translation or cultural translation is associated with two scholars concerning this discipline. Before analyzing cultural contexts in which their cultural content is conveyed in systematically this matter we should cast an eye over some two different languages. Undoubtedly, one of the basic principles of translation is to be faithful to the original. Journal of critical reviews 861 PROBLEMS OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN TRANSLATION PROCESS According to this principle, translation should first of all be – Darbozadan ichkariga kirilgach, saroy kabi bir havli, faithful to the content of the original, with literal translation on ayvonda o‘n beshka yaqin yarog‘liq yigitlar to‘nkalardan how to convey in a precise way the original cultural gulxan solib, isinib o‘lturmakda edilar. connotation and how to interpret it on the basis of the native – Inside there was a yard like a palace, about fifteen young cultural perspective. men were sitting on the veranda making fire and getting warmed around it. While we come across with the problem of rendering colored – In this example the word palace is translated into Uzbek words we solve these problems in this way. The first way is by calque. transliteration (translate on the level of graphemes). Basically – O‘zbek oyim hasharchi xotindan biriga tandirga o‘t names of people and placed will be rendered in this way. qo‘yishni buyurdi-da, o‘zi Zaynabning oldig‘a keldi: The second way is transcription (transference on the level of – Dasturxoning bitdimi, bolam? – deb so‘radi. Uzbek-oyim phonemes) this way in translation of colored word is not as told one of the coming to hashar women to set fire in the important. tandir (earthenware stove for baking flat cake or bread), came up to Zaynab asking: The third method is calque (word for word translation). This – “Is the dasturhon ready, dear?” method is the most important method that we use while – In this example the word tandir is translated into Uzbek rendering Uzbek colored words. by borrowing. – Finally, in the middle of that night he was found stained The descriptive or explanatory translation method of with his blood in the manger of the barn next to hall for translation of colored words is also one of effective method ablutions of the bathhouse… When the poor man had used in foreground level. entered the barn in order to wash himself for a prayer, at One of the other important way is approximate translation that time somebody pulled a knife on him and put him in (with the help of “analogue”) the manger. – Nihoyat, yarim kechada hammomning tahoratxonasi The last way of rendering colored word is transformative yonidag‘i bir og‘ilning oxiridan qonig‘a belashib yotqani (contextual) translation. holda topqanlar. Bechora tahorat uchun og‘ilg‘a kirganda tovush chiqarmasliq eriga xanjar urib, oxirg‘a tiqib Now taking into consideration the basic importance of these ketkan ekanlar. methods we try to observe some of them. Transcription – Putting on his chopon (national robe or coat) over his (transliteration) is often used in the cases, when the question shirt, Hasanali got out of his sleeping place, left his room is about proper names, the names of governmental and sat down in front of Otabek’s room. institutions, educational establishments and so on. The serious drawback of this method leads to the appearance of unusual Ko‘ynakchan egniga choponini yopinib o‘rnidan turdi, and loss clear words in translation. hujradan chiqib Otabek darichasi ostig‘a yana kelib o‘lturdi. • Qandog‘dir bir hayol ichida o‘lturg‘uchi bu yigit Toshkandning mashhur a’yonlaridan bo‘lg‘an Yusufbek In this example the word chopon is translated into Uzbek by hojining o‘g‘li – Otabek. calque. • This young man who sat thinking about something – was This rumor took a different view on the second day, Otabek, a son of Yusufbek Khoji, a famous aristocrat in "Musulmonqul sent troops of five thousand people to Tashkent.