PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF RUN: A CORPUS STUDY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ALEXANDRA IRA INDIRA SARI Student Number: 154214049 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF RUN: A CORPUS STUDY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ALEXANDRA IRA INDIRA SARI Student Number: 154214049 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Be kind to one another (Ellen DeGeneres) vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI I dedicate my thesis To my loving parents, dearest brother, and wonderful best friends. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is a genuine pleasure to express my gratitude to Jesus Christ for always gives me His countless blessing of making this research. I owe a deep sense of gratitude to Fransisca Kristanti S.Pd., M.Hum. who is willing to be my thesis adviser. Her guidance, timely advice, meticulous scrutiny, and assistance have helped me to accomplish this research. Additionally, I would like to express my thanks to my co-adviser, Simon Arsa Manggala S.S., M.Hum. His timely suggestions and additional knowledge have enabled me to complete my research. I thank profusely all the English Letters lecturers and staffs of Universitas Sanata Dharma for their help and guidance throughout my study period. Without them, I would not be able to finish my study completely. I am extremely thankful to my loving parents, who always support me in everything I do, to my dearest brother, Emmanuel Ivan, who is always be an admirable brother, to Rm. Mahar, Rm. Sani, and Rm. Tomi, who support me, and to all my wonderful best friends, Deni, Juan, Nes, Nova, Bagas (Tayo), Aan, Anggrid, Abeng, and Garda for helping me survive all the stress from the first year in campus to now and for never letting me give up. Alexandra Ira Indira Sari ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................. ii APPROVAL PAGE ....................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE .................................................................................. iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .............................................................. v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ....................................................................... vi MOTTO PAGE .............................................................................................. vii DEDICATION PAGE .................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ x ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study .......................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ................................................................................ 3 C. Objectives of the Study ............................................................................ 4 D. Definition of Terms ................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................. 6 A. Review of Related Studies ....................................................................... 6 B. Review of Related Theories ................................................................... 10 1. Corpus Study ....................................................................................... 10 2. Semantics ............................................................................................ 11 3. Semantic Features ................................................................................. 12 4. Componential Analysis ......................................................................... 13 5. Linguistic Context ................................................................................. 14 C. Theoretical Framework ............................................................................ 15 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY .............................................................. 16 A. Object of the Study ................................................................................... 16 B. Approach of the Study .............................................................................. 16 C. Method of the Study ................................................................................. 17 1. Data Collection...................................................................................... 17 2. Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 18 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ................... 20 A. The Possible Meaning of “Run” .............................................................. 20 1. Possible Meaning of “Run” as Verb ..................................................... 23 2. Possible Meaning of “Run” as Noun .................................................... 33 B. The Linguistic Context of Dominant Meanings of “Run” ....................... 38 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...................................................................... 50 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 52 APPENDICES ................................................................................................. 54 Appendix 1 : ................................................................................................. 54 Appendix 2 : ................................................................................................. 59 Appendix 3 : ................................................................................................. 60 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT SARI, ALEXANDRA IRA INDIRA. (2019). A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF RUN: A CORPUS STUDY. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. The word “run” is commonly used in society within daily conversation. Most English learners understand “run” as a quick movement of two legs and faster than a walk. However, in practice, “run” has other meanings and the meanings change depending on the context. The fact that “run” carries various meanings applied in different context makes it interesting in this research focus. This research has two objectives: (1) to analyze the possible meaning of “run” from clauses in British National Corpus and (2) to identify the linguistic context of the dominant meaning of “run”. To accomplish the aim, theories of corpus study, semantics, semantic features, componential analysis, and linguistic context are applied in this research. Semantics approach was utilized in this research to analyze the meanings and linguistic contexts. The methodology used in this research was qualitative method to identify and elaborate “run” through some test of semantic features. Then, this research grouped the results of the analysis to show the frequency of the meaning. Later, the linguistic contexts were analyzed through the explanation of each lexicon. All analysis was described with some examples of clauses. The finding of this research presents several possible meanings of “run” as verbs and nouns. Nevertheless, this research finds three dominant meanings of “run” as verbs, and no dominant meanings of “run” as nouns. Those three dominant meanings are “to control or manage something”, “to move with two legs more quickly”, and “to operate a computer or program”. These three dominant meanings reveal the linguistic context of “business”, “education”, “charity”, “politics”, “sport”, and “technology”. “Politics” is the only linguistic context that appears more than one times. Keywords: semantics, run, linguistic context, corpus xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK SARI, ALEXANDRA IRA INDIRA. (2019). A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF RUN: A CORPUS STUDY. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Masyarakat sering menggunakan kata “run” dalam berkomunikasi. Mayoritas, masyarakat yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua memahami “run” sebagai sebuah perpindahan yang lebih cepat daripada berjalan menggunakan kedua kaki. Realitanya, kata “run” memiliki lebih dari satu arti dan kata tersebut dapat berubah arti berdasarkan konteksnya. Mengacu pada fakta tersebut, fenomena ini menarik untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan: (1) untuk menganalisis kemungkinan arti dari