Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki CONTRASTIVE NEGATION CONSTRUCTIONAL VARIATION WITHIN AND ACROSS LANGUAGES Olli O. Silvennoinen DOCTORAL DISSERTATION To be presented for public discussion with the permission of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Helsinki, in Room 107, Athena, on the 18th of October, 2019 at 12 o’clock. Helsinki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–#IBGDNC–<I?>MJNN GDIBPDNOD><GGT .M@QDJPN M@N@<M>C JI >JIOM<NODQ@ I@B<ODJI C<N HJNOGT M@NJMO@? OJ DIOMJNK@>ODQ@GT >JINOMP>O@? @S<HKG@N <I? 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