Yale University EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Bulletin Series 1995 Local Heritage in the Changing Tropics: Innovative Strategies for Natural Resource Management and Control Greg Dicum Follow this and additional works at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/yale_fes_bulletin Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Dicum, Greg, "Local Heritage in the Changing Tropics: Innovative Strategies for Natural Resource Management and Control" (1995). Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Bulletin Series. 102. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/yale_fes_bulletin/102 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Bulletin Series by an authorized administrator of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bulletin Series Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies ₉₈ Local Heritage in the Changing Tropics: Innovative Strategies for Natural Resource Management and Control Greg Dicum, Editor Yale University New Haven, C o n nec t ic u t • 1995 The Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Bulletin Series, begun in 1912, issues faculty and student mono­ graphs, symposia and workshop proceedings, and other reports on an occasional basis. To order copies of this or other Yale F&ES Bulletins, contact: Publications Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Sage Hall 205 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA Volume Editor Greg Dicum Bulletin Editor Joseph Miller Director of Communications Jane Coppock Design R. Richard Solaski Cover The Reconciliation Through Music, by Marina Mendez Cruz of Corazones Valientes Production Yale University MIS Publishing Paper Mohawk Superfine, Softwhite recycled, lb. writing, smooth, acid free Bulletin Number ISSN - CODEN BYSSDM © Yale University Permission is granted to reproduce this volume without prior written consent. Portions of this Bulletin are available on the Internet from the Communications for a Sustainable Future Gopher Server at: csf.colorado.edu / Environment / International Society of Tropical Foresters Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 5 PREFACE 7 FOREWORD 8 INTRODUCTION 9 KEYNOTE ADDRESS Big Conservation and Little Conservation: 13 Collaboration in Managing Global and Local Heritage Janis B. Alcorn SECTION I: LEGAL STRUCTURES AND LOCAL RECOGNITION 31 Community Resources in Borneo: Failure of the Concept of Common Property 32 and its Implications for the Conservation of Forest Resources and the Protection of Indigenous Land Rights George N. Appell George Appell Working Group 53 The Area de Protección de Fauna y Flora Yum Balam: The Initiation and Challenges of a 57 Development Program for the Communities and the Environment in the Maya Zone of Northern Quintana Roo Sebastián Poot Balam Sebastián Poot Working Group 63 The Panará: Indigenous Territory and Environmental Protection in the Amazon 66 Stephan Schwartzman Stephan Schwartzman Working Group 83 Indigenous Politics and “Local Heritage” in the 1990s: Shifting Concepts of 86 Land Use, Land Tenure, and Self Theodore Macdonald Theodore Macdonald Working Group 99 SECTION II: CONSTRUCTIVE MARKET PARTICIPATION 104 The Experience of the Alto Juruá Extractive Reserve with Vegetal Leather: 105 Engaging Forest Product Markets for the Survival of Ecosystems and Cultures Chico Ginú Chico Ginú Working Group 109 Contents Neoliberal Ecopolitics and Indigenous Peoples: The Kayapo, 113 The “Rainforest Harvest,” and The Body Shop Terence Turner Terence Turner Working Group 124 Building Markets for Non-Timber Forest Products: 128 Challenges and a Few Lessons Learned Sharon Flynn Sharon Flynn Working Group 138 Global Trade and the Rainforests: Corporate Growth vs Indigenous 143 Prosperity in Tropical Countries John W. Friede John Friede Working Group 153 SECTION III: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 155 Appropriate Geomatic Technology for Local Earth Observation 156 Peter Poole Peter Poole Working Group 164 The Role of Environmental NGOs in the Changing Tropics: 167 Networking for Community Empowerment Jose Roberto Borges Jose Borges Working Group 174 Knowledge and Information Resources for Local and Traditional Natural 176 Resource Users: Networking and Conferencing Systems, the Internet, Online Services, Libraries, and Information Centers Richard Labelle Richard Labelle Working Group 192 Indigenous Land Use Mapping in Central America 195 Mac Chapin Mac Chapin Working Group 204 Acknowledgments An undertaking of the scale of the 1995 ISTF conference is im­ possible without the dedication and commitment of numerous competent and hard-working individuals. The three days of the conference itself, in which 150 people came to listen to and to ex­ change ideas with 13 speakers, was the culmination of a year of hard work on the part of the Conference Committee. Together with the many people who came together to execute the conference weekend, we were able to treat participants from around the world to a very successful and very worthwhile gathering. Those primarily respon­ sible for this success are listed below — each one’s contribution was vital in its own way, and each, we hope, came away from this experi­ ence enriched. SPONSORS The Tropical Resources Institute and The Dean’s Office at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies The Weyerhaeuser Center for Forest Resource Management and Policy Studies at Yale F&ES The International Society of Tropical Foresters The Society of American Foresters, Yale Student Chapter Déjà Shoe Corazones Valientes FACULTY ADVISORS Dr. Mark S. Ashton, Assistant Professor of Silviculture, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Dr. Joseph A. Miller, Lecturer in Forest History, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Karen Beard, Rachel Byard, Ronald Cherry, Greg Dicum, Gary Dunning, Andreas Eicher, Cesar Flores, Derek Halberg, Chris Hopkins, Andrea Kivi, Lydia Olander, Richard Payne, Cathryn Poff, Walter Salazar, Robin Sears, Austin Troy, Sudha Vasan CONFERENCE ASSISTANTS Dwight Barry, David Casagrande, Andy Cooper, Bret Elderd, Ayesha Ercelawn, Bryan Foster, Patricia Garffer, Wendy Gerlitz, Kasia Grisso, Marie Gunning, Emily Harwell, James Jiler, Sharon Katz, Andi Lee, Kyle Lonergan, Elizabeth Malek-Zadeh, Paul Maykish, Megan McGroddy, Jai Mehta, Hans Overgaard, Astrid Palmieri, Susanne Pelletier, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, Paige Rausser, Karalyn Replogle, Shigeo Sakai, Jonathan Scheuer, Janet Sturgeon, Ricardo Tarifa, Matthew Udziela, Ted Wickwire, Rhonda Williams, Peter Wilshusen SUPPORT THROUGHOUT Jake Kosek, Nina Luttinger, Jim Spencer, Chris Woodward ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT Jane Coppock, Christina Cromley, Carolyn Falls, Ada Foley, Lucinda Gall Preface It was with great pleasure that I welcomed the participants to the Conference on “Local Heritage in the Changing Tropics,” as I do now the readers of these proceedings. The conference and the pro­ ceedings are products of our School, and they exemplify our mission and our commitment to pursuing it. The theme and composition of the conference are explicitly interdisciplinary, reflecting the central theme of the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Today’s natural resource chal­ lenges demand an interdisciplinary approach. A full understanding of the issues can be derived only through an exploration of the ecological, socio-economic, political and cultural dimensions of the problem. In our School, we view natural resource problems as hu­ man problems. Our students are trained that way, giving them the interdisciplinary framework for professional effectiveness. “Local Heritage in the Changing Tropics” is the most recent in a series of conferences organized by our student chapter of the ISTF. This series represents a highly valued tradition, in which our stu­ dents develop the conference’s theme, identify and engage speakers, make all arrangements, raise funds, hold the conference and help produce the proceedings. The students do everything with no more than seed funding and cheerleading from the faculty. The results underscore the quality, professionalism and enthusiasm of our excellent students. I warmly congratulate them on a job very well done. These proceedings are being published as part of the School’s renewed Bulletin series, which has recorded and disseminated projects of special interest generated by faculty or students in the School on an occasional basis for nearly a century. I am pleased to note the reactivation of the series, which is a particularly appropriate outlet for these proceedings. Jared L. Cohon, Dean Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Foreword I was directed by the President of the International Society of Tropical Foresters, Dr. Warren Doolittle, to let the ISTF Student Chapter Members know that we appreciate the work that goes into the several activities that have been accomplished by the Yale Chap­ ter. The recent conferences, including the conference on Timber Certification held last year and this conference on Local Heritage, are areas that need discussion and are fora to help industry, environ­ mental groups, and government employees