The Civil War Differences Between the North and South Geography of The

The Civil War Differences Between the North and South Geography of The

Differences Between the North and The Civil War South Geography of the North Geography of the South • Climate – frozen winters; hot/humid summers • Climate – mild winters; long, hot, humid summers • Natural features: • Natural features: − coastline: bays and harbors – fishermen, − coastline: swamps and shipbuilding (i.e. Boston) marshes (rice & sugarcane, − inland: rocky soil – farming hard; turned fishing) to trade and crafts (timber for − inland: indigo, tobacco, & shipbuilding) corn − Towns follow rivers inland! Economy of the North Economy of the South • MORE Cities & Factories • Agriculture: Plantations and Slaves • Industrial Revolution: Introduction of the Machine − White Southerners made − products were made cheaper and faster living off the land − shift from skilled crafts people to less skilled − Cotton Kingdom – Eli laborers Whitney − Economy BOOST!!! •cotton made slavery more important •cotton spread west, so slavery increases 1 Transportation of the North Transportation of the South • National Road – better roads; inexpensive way • WATER! Southern rivers made water travel to deliver products easy and cheap (i.e. Mississippi) • Ships & Canals – river travels fast; steamboat • Southern town sprang up along waterways (i.e. Erie Canal) • Railroad – steam-powered machine (fastest transportation and travels across land ) Society of the North – industrial, urban Society of the South – life agrarian, rural life • Maine to Iowa • Black Northerners − free but not equal (i.e. segregation) • Maryland to Florida & west to Texas − worked as laborers & servants • Black Southerners • − small minority free (live separate, wear special White Northerners badges) – skilled crafts people or servants − most lived on farms − slaves – cooks, carpenters, blacksmiths, nurse − children expected to help with maids/nannies, MOST field hands harvesting • White Southerners − measured wealth in terms of land & slaves − cities next to factories or RR tracks Abolitionist Movement HOWEVER… Female abolitionists: • Abolitionists – wanted to end • tried to convince lawmakers to make slavery slavery illegal • both blacks & whites worked in • raised money for suffrage movement Abolition Movement − William Lloyd Garrison – • spoke out against slave beatings “Liberator ” (white) − Frederick Douglass –“North Star ” (black) 2 The Underground Railroad Women’s Suffrage • a series of escape routes running • Fighting Slavery: Women get involved from South to North • Inspired by Second Great Awakening – • traveled by night; hid/rested in religious reform movement; good works stations get you to heaven • conductors – people who led runaways to freedom • Anti – slavery fight helped pave way for women ’s suffrage (right to vote) − Harriet Tubman Seneca Falls: The Declaration of Sentiments The Legacy of Seneca Falls • 1848 – almost 300 people, including 40 men, • created organization among women arrived for the Convention • established awareness of women • People there: Abolitionists, Quakers, suffrage Housewives, etc. • Sojourner Truth –“Aint I a woman? ”– • Dec. of Sent. – proposal for women ’s rights – modeled after Dec. of Ind. awareness of black women − it listed acts of tyranny by men over women The Legacy of Seneca Falls (cont.) Women (at this time) • Elizabeth Cady Stanton – organized • Could not hold office; only white men Seneca Falls Convention, concerned • Could not practice professions (i.e. with voting rights medicine or law) • Susan B. Anthony – built movement into • Could not control their own money or national organization, concerned with property (fathers or husbands women getting equal treatment in work controlled it) place. • Would be disciplined by males 3 Intro to the Civil War: Immediate Causes SIDES • Election of Lincoln as President • NORTH: Union • Secession of southern states • SOUTH: Confederacy Issues Leading to the Civil War Northwest Ordinance 1787 • Southerners threaten secession to get what they want!!! • All states North of Ohio River = FREE • Balance of Power in Congress: 1840’s Southerners want to • All states South of Ohio River = SLAVE extend slavery into new territories Add a picture here. Missouri Compromise: attempt to keep equal number of slave & free states Compromise of 1850 •Southern states threatened to break (secede) • California = free state; New Mexico & Utah = slave state from Union if Missouri became a “free ” state • Passed a stricter Fugitive Slave Law – returning slaves to their owners when they would run away •So … Missouri = slave; Maine = free • Southerners threaten secession if Fugitive Slave Law not enforced •36 ’30 parallel – North of it free, South of it − wasn ’t enforced slave •kept Union together; but no one happy # of slave and free states EQUAL! 4 Harriet Beecher Stowe • Uncle Tom ’s Cabin • book that turned many Northerners against slavery • author scorned by South Kansas-Nebraska ACT Dred Scott Case • cancelled Missouri Compromise • slave from Missouri who was taken to Wisconsin (a free state) • allow settlers to decide issue of slavery state) − popular sovereignty – rule by the people • sued to gain freedom when returning to Missouri − North = upset, South = happy • said he was made free in Wisconsin • struggle over slavery turned violent • Decision of case: − “ ”– Bleeding Kansas violence between pro and anti slavery − 1. Slaves are PROPERTY not citizens! (no right to forces sue..) − 2. Fugitive Slave law must be enforced − 3. Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional 5th Amendment Republican Party • slaves are property – Scott was a slave • new party formed • • Property cannot be taken away without due process believed no man can own another • South = happy; North = mad • nominated Abraham Lincoln for Illinois Senator he lost 5 Abraham Lincoln John Brown • did not want Union • Abolitionist (Radical) divided over slavery divided over slavery • Raided Harpers Ferry in Virginia, plan to seize guns • slavery is a moral issue, • wanted weapons to arm slaves for rebellion not a legal one • all men caught, tried, hanged • not an abolitionist but wanted to stop slavery • Northerners outraged from spreading into new • Southerners alarmed territories • increase tension between North & South Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858 Senate Campaign) Presidential Election of 1860 • Lincoln’s views on slavery: It • Stephen Douglas: believed • Lincoln won should not be allowed to each state should decide spread! for itself whether or not to • Election results made it clear: the nation no longer wanted allow slavery compromise • Now 18 free states, 15 slave states • South is upset! Secession Fort Sumter • South saw Lincoln as an abolitionist • 1861 • South Carolina – first state to break away from Union • Southerners captured federal fort for weapons • no one killed, but surrendered to South 6 Confederacy Established… Intro to the Civil War: Long Term Causes • 1861 • Conflict over slavery in territories • seceding states formed a new nation, the Confederate • Compromise failure in Congress (i.e. Missouri States of America, with its president = Jefferson Davis Compromise) • Economic differences − South – needed slaves − North – want to end slavery Emancipation Proclamation • During the Civil War, Lincoln freed all the slaves in states that were rebelling • exception: slaves in South Carolina remained slaves − political move Effects of the Civil War Amendments from the Civil War • Abolition of slavery • 13 th – outlawed slavery • Devastation to the South • 14 th – made slaves (freedmen) citizens • Reconstruction of the South • 15 th – gave all citizens (freedmen) the right to vote • Nation reunited • Boom of Industry • Federal Authority dominant 7 CIVIL WAR: the bloodiest war in American History NORTH • NORTH: UNION • STRENGTHS • WEAKNESSES • President – Abraham • More people than South • Military Leaders Lincoln • 90% of nation’s − 1/3 of nation’s military manufacturing in North officers returned to the • Soldiers –“Yankees ” South • more RR tracks (will • Commanding General – become nation’s biggest − Many remaining officers too old for combat Ulysses S. Grant business post-civil war) • Must invade South South: Confederacy SOUTH • President – Jefferson Davis • STRENGTHS • WEAKNESSES • Soldiers – Rebels • Fighting a defensive battle • Economy: − wealth in land & slaves • – • Great Military Leaders Commanding General Robert E. Lee − Few factories to produce guns and military supplies • Transportation Problem = − lacked RR network & transportation Anaconda Plan • Capture Richmond, VA - capital of Confederacy; destroy rebel government • Gain control of Mississippi River = separates the Confederacy (can ’t travel or trade) • Union blockade of Southern coastal ports − Northern strategy that prevented cotton & other products from being exported to Britain and France − Weakened Southern economy 8 BATTLES of the Civil War BULL RUN (VA) • 1st major battle of the Civil War • Stonewall Jackson stopped Union troops • Southern Victory • Rose Greenhow – spy for South − Union plan to capture Richmond Fort Wagner (SC) Antietam (MD) • (Union) • Bloodiest day Massachusetts 54 th • 6000 died, Regiment – 1st 17000 injured black regiment • No one won (“Glory”) (but South will claim they did) • heavy losses • Southern Victory Battle of Shiloh (TN) Vicksburg (MS) • Ulysses S. Grant led advance in south; he refused • Fought for control of Mississippi River to retreat & WON • Union Victory: captured the Mississippi River and • U.S. army = 13,000 losses managed to divide the Confederate states • C.S. army = 10,000 losses • Gave the Union access

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    13 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us