Research Article • DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0007 • Translational Neuroscience • 10 • 2019 • 37-43 Translational Neuroscience INFLUENCE OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE ON CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Fang Ren Abstract Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China The study of contemporary philosophy of science based on cognitive neuroscience has strongly promoted the philosophy study of brain cognitive problems. It has pointed out the research direction for human to explore the relationship between the traditional mind and brain while systematically reflecting and investigating the theoretical basis and research method of cognitive neuroscience. Therefore, this study explores the influence and the significance of cognitive neuroscience on contemporary philosophy of science. Keywords Received 04 December 2018 Cognitive neuroscience • Contemporary philosophy of science • Implications accepted 28 January 2019 1. Introduction for scientific philosophers to solve the problem namely, how the human brain mobilizes its of philosophy of science. components at all levels, including molecules, Cognitive science is an emerging In the 1980s, cognitive scientists realized cells, brain regions and the whole brain, to interdisciplinary subject including cognitive that neuroscience was the foundation of achieve various cognitive activities” [1]. The psychology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, cognitive science. Because the brain’s thinking traditional ability of solving epistemological linguistics, anthropology and cognitive process was not clarified, artificial brain problems is not enough to reveal the riddle neuroscience. Its birth and development have simulation of the brain was fundamentally of human cognition, so it is necessary to had a profound impact on contemporary impossible. Functionalism’s view of studying discuss and construct the mechanism, philosophy of science. Cognitive science is an the mind without relying on the brain is model and reason of human cognition in an emerging interdisciplinary subject involving increasingly in trouble, and cognitive scientists empirical way and a naturalistic way from the cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, are paying more attention to the research inside of cognitive science. Thus, the derived philosophy, linguistics, anthropology, of neuroscience. After the emergence of contemporary philosophy of science based and cognitive neuroscience. Its birth and cognitive neuroscience in the 1990s, cognitive on cognitive neuroscience has become the development have had a profound impact neuroscience is a new-born that combines the hottest research field of philosophy of science on contemporary philosophy of science. The compelling cognitive science and neuroscience at present [2]. Therefore, this study explores study of the formation of scientific theory in scientific development. It is not only loved the influence and the significance of cognitive from the perspective of cognitive psychology by both parents, but also by computers. The neuroscience on contemporary philosophy of has become a new trend in contemporary concern of the scientific community, because science. philosophy of science. Cognitive psychologists the thorny problems encountered in intelligent 1.1 Introduction to cognitive generally oppose the practice of logical computer research are all related to cognitive positivism and behaviourism against neuroscience. The research task of cognitive neuroscience psychology, emphasizing the study of human neuroscience is to clarify the brain mechanism The study of the formation of scientific psychological processes, and treating cognitive of cognitive activity. In other words, how does theory from the perspective of cognitive processes as a series of information processing the human brain call it? The various levels psychology has become a new trend in that can symbolize external environmental of components, including molecules, cells, contemporary philosophy of science. Cognitive events and themselves. Knowledge brain tissue regions, and brains to achieve psychologists generally oppose the practice of representation, problem solving and reasoning, their own cognitive activities are fundamental logical positivism and behaviourism against pattern recognition, memory learning, and propositions that cognitive neuroscience psychology, emphasizing the study of human language problems are not only important needs to answer.” psychological processes, and treating cognitive research topics in psychology, but also issues The integration of various disciplines processes as a series of information processing in the study of philosophy of science. The provides support for the study of contemporary that can symbolize external environmental knowledge, concepts, and thinking of cognitive philosophy of science which aims at “clarifying events and themselves process. Knowledge psychology research provide a new perspective the brain mechanism of cognitive activities, representation, problem solving and reasoning, * E-mail: [email protected] © 2019 Fang Ren, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License. 37 Translational Neuroscience pattern recognition, memory learning, and science, which is highly interdisciplinary and the role of the individual’s internal cognitive language problems are not only important trans-disciplinary. Cognitive neuroscience factors in forming scientific theories. Scientific research topics in psychology, but also attaches great importance to rigorous philosophers must not only analyse linguistic, issues in the study of philosophy of science. experimental research and the application of logical, historical, and cultural sciences, but also The knowledge, concepts, and thinking of scientific research methods and technologies. conduct cognitive analysis. The combination cognitive psychology research provide a new The emergence of various brain function image of cognitive analysis and linguistic analysis, perspective for scientific philosophers to solve technology has laid a solid methodological logical analysis, historical analysis and cultural the problem of philosophy of science. Scientific foundation for the rapid development of analysis reinforces the cognitive function of philosophers began to draw on the research cognitive neuroscience [4]. The main research scientific philosophy. For example, Sagad results of cognitive psychology. For example, methods and technologies are shown in combines cognitive and social factors to Kuhn used psychology’s Gestalt to transform Table 1. study new models of science, and illustrates the paradigm shift of analogical science theory. its effectiveness through case studies of the Gonick applied the results of human individual 1.2 Current status and development chemical revolution. cognitive development of cognitive psychology trend of contemporary philosophy Nowadays, philosophy of science is in a “non- to scientific theory. The evolution of Nassian of science breakthrough” period as a whole, that is, there explains the development of physics theory Cognitive science makes cognitive problems is no major breakthrough theory. However, no from the perspective of cognitive psychology. the focus of scientific philosophy research. matter how the philosophy of science develops, Jill studies the cognitive structure of scientific Logical empiricism and falsifications focus on the core of its scientific methodology can’t be theory from the perspective of psychology. As the logical structure of scientific knowledge. changed for the reasons shown in Table 2. Sagard said that at present, the philosophy of Historicism pays attention to the social and At present, pluralism is standing on the science has undergone a cognitive shift, and it historical investigation of scientific knowledge, standpoint of cultural analysis to appeal to the attempts to study the development of science while ignoring the essence of science and cultural explanation of scientific development. from the perspective of cognitive psychology the cognitive phenomenon of the core. The Although this explanation expands the and artificial intelligence. philosopher of science always pays attention perspective and scope of contemporary Cognitive neuroscience is a discipline to to the objective content reflected by scientific philosophy of science on a certain level, it study cognition from the level of cranial nerve, theory and ignores the relationship between has the tendency of pan-culturalism and the and is an important field of learning science. this content and the cognitive subject. tendency of dispelling scientific rationality. It mainly focuses on the neural mechanisms Cognitive science requires studying the The philosophy of technology itself is of perception, selective attention, memory, cognitive ability of the examiner to study inherently endowed with more cultural traits language, emotion and consciousness. Cognitive neuroscience has a history of nearly Table 1. Main methods and techniques of cognitive neuroscience 20 years. It began to come into people’s view in Event-related brain A series of brain waves formed by a brain reaction that has a fixed time potential (ERP) relationship with actual or expected stimuli (sound, light, and electricity). the 1980s and became a new branch of science recognized by international academic circles in Positron Emission Using a large number of radioactive isotopes present in the natural elements Tomography (PET) of the human body, multi-level cross-sectional imaging is performed