1 SANRAL ROAD NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM By Dumi Nkabinde 30 August 2019 2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE • RSA Roads, Why care for the asset • SANRAL Network Condition • Road Asset Management System by SANRAL • SANRAL Budget / Projects • Future Transport 3 4 SA ROAD NETWORK - 2018 Authority Paved Gravel Total SANRAL 22 214 0 22 214 Provinces - 9 46 548 226 273 272 821 Metros - 8 51 682 14 461 66 143 Municipalities 37 680 219 223 256 903 Total 158 124 459 957 618 081 Un-Proclaimed (Estimate) 131 919 131 919 Estimated Total 158 124 591 876 750 000 Un-Proclaimed Roads = Public roads not formally gazetted by any Authority 5 SOUTH AFRICAN ROAD USE Freight flow on road and rail (10th State of Logistics Survey 2014) Also important to note that of the person trips recorded in National Household Travel Survey, 2013, by transport modes are as follow: Mode Choice Factor Percentage Minibus taxi’s (41.6%) Private Vehicles (23.4%) Travel time 32.6 Walking (18.5%) – Along road corridors Travel Cost 26.1 busses (10.2%) Flexibility 9.2 Trains (4.4%) Other (1.9%) Other 32.1 2017 figures indicated similar trend. Roads account for 87.9% of Freight and 93.7% of Person Trips 6 SA ROAD CONGESTION - 2017 Cape Town Most Congested – Congestion Increasing in All Cities SA ROAD CONDITION - PAVED (2013) Type Year V-Good Good Fair Poor V-Poor Length (km) 2013 8,104 18,016 25,064 13,946 4,355 % 2013 11.66% 25.93% 36.07% 20.07% 6.27% International norm is 10% to be in poor to very poor condition for well-maintained paved road network 8 Paved Network VCI Summary 2013 WESTERN CAPE NORTH WEST NORTHERN CAPE Very Poor (km) MPUMALANGA Poor (km) LIMPOPO Fair (km) KWAZULU NATAL Good (km) Authority GAUTENG Very Good (km) FREESTATE EASTERN CAPE SANRAL 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percentage of Network SOUTH AFRICAN PAVEMENT DESIGN Road Deterioration due to Traffic Loading & Environment 100 Very Good Preventative Maintenance Actions 80 Good Fair 60 Moisture Ingress 40 Poor No Maintenance Road Road Condition 20 Very Poor (Typically Designed for Traffic Expected over 20-30 Years) 0 2008 2013 2018 2023 2028 Year SA Pavement Design Requires Performance of Preventative Maintenance to achieve design life – Not Zero Maintenance Design 10 SOUTH AFRICAN PAVEMENT DESIGN South Africa Northern Hemisphere Increased Number of Heavy Axles Repetitions over 20-30 year Design Life Waterproof Layer (10 to 40 mm) (100 to 400 mm) G1 Local Street R5m/km Farm To Market R13m/km National Road Interstate Road R20m to R140m/km South African Pavement Design 40-60% cheaper by using natural gravels, but these natural gravels more sensitive to moisture ingress - not zero maintenance design. Very short path for crack to propagate through thin surfacing – making preventative maintenance strategy crucial as at SANRAL. New Road CONSTRUCTON Cost per km Difference due to terrain (Flat, Rolling, Mountainous), Number of Interchanges, Number of Trucks, Climate, etc. 12 Our Pavements are seriously getting old As seen 76% of paved network older than original 20 year design life, resulting in a high risk for accelerated deterioration under poor preventative maintenance regime as with most road authorities in South Africa. 13 Why is it Happening – Axle Loads RSA designed for 8.2 ton axle load, Now its 9 ton SADC accord signed 2015 allows 10 ton. Overstressing of the weaker layers subgrades Economic Growth Just-in-time (small frequent loads) => no warehouse costs Half-axle tyre loads Wearing course Surfacing Base layer Structural layers Decreasing •High shear stress Layer Subbase layer •“Large” strains Strength Upper selected Subgrade subgrade •Low shear stress Lower selected •Small strains subgrade In situ subgrade 14 Why is it Happening – Tyre Pressure New Tyre Technology Increased Tyre Pressure to Reduce Contact Area Which results in reduce Rolling Resistance and 30% decrease in Fuel Consumption Half-axle tyre loads Modern truck tyres are 30% more fuel efficient, but results in 30% + increase in damage to pavement surface layers (especially when overloaded and under or over inflated) Wearing course Surfacing Decreasing Base layer Structural layers Layer •High shear stress Strength Subbase layer •“Large” strains Upper selected Subgrade subgrade •Low shear stress Lower selected •Small strains subgrade In situ subgrade 15 Where is it Happening – Rainfall Zones BEIRA CHIPINGE FRANCISTOWN WINDHOEK MESSINA WALVISBAY TZANEEN GABORONE PRETORIA ZEERUST JOHANNESBURG MAPUTO KLERKSDORP KEETMANSHOOP VOLKSRUST BLOEMFONTEIN LADYSMITH WEPENER DURBAN ROUXVILLE PORT SHEPSTONE SOMERSET CERES WEST Wet (>1000 mm/yr) OUDTSHOORN EAST LONDON CAPE TOWN Moderate (500 – 1000) PORT ELIZABETH MOSSEL BAY Dry (< 500 mm/yr) Wetter areas have higher moisture ingress risk if no preventative maintenance. Wetter areas have more intense agriculture activity, more traffic. KZN traffic 16X that of NCP 16 Why is it Happening – Maintenance Strategy Repair Cost = 1X /km Repair Cost = 6X /km (Ratio 1:6) 100 Very Good 80 Good Repair Cost = 18X /km 60 Fair (Ratio 1:18) 3-5 Years 40 Poor Road Road Condition 20 Very Poor 5-8 Years 0 2008 2013 2018 2023 2028 Year Preventative maintenance first strategy (SANRAL) allocates budget first or all 1X, then 6X and finally what remains to 18X. Most other authorities follow worst first strategy and allocates budget first or all 18X, then 6X and finally what remains to 1X. 17 What Is The Price We Pay – Road User Road User Cost is up to 90% of Total Life Cycle Transportation Cost Road User Cost – Fuel, Oil, Tyres, Maintenance, Depreciation, Accidents, Time, Cargo Damage Distance Travel in 1 hour: Very Good = 100km vs Very Poor = 20 to 25 km 18 What Is The Price We Pay – Road User 2.5 2 1.5 Please Note: 1 Costs exclude 6th Logistics Survey -2009 fuel, travel time, 0.5 cargo damage, SANRAL Toll Roads etc components 0 Vehicle additional repair and maintenance costs [R/km] costs maintenance and repair additional Vehicle 1 2 3 4 5 Road Roughness [m/km] 19 SANRAL NETWORK CONDITION 20 SANRAL ROAD NETWORK (km) - 2018 Description Non Toll Agency PPP Total (Fiscus) Toll Dual 817 557 519 1 893 Carriageway 4-Lane 30 302 231 562 Undivided 2-Lane 18 414 823 521 19 758 Single Total 19 262 1 681 1 271 22 214 % of SANRAL Network 87% 7% 6% The 2,952 km Toll network - 13 % of SANRAL network, 0.5 % of the total 21 SANRAL PAVEMENT CONDITION - 2018 Type Year V-Good Good Fair Poor V-Poor Length (km) 2018 3,609 10,730 7,001 887 13 % 2018 16.3% 48.3% 31.5% 4.0% 0.1% 22 SANRAL PAVEMENT CONDITION TREND Currently 900 km or 4.1% of SANRAL roads are in poor to very poor surface condition, which are well within the international norm of 10% for well-maintained network. The Average OCI of 74, is also above international norm of 70. This is largely due to the preventative maintenance first strategy followed by SANRAL, the impact of all preventative maintenance on roads incorporated since 2012 is evident in 2016 & 2017 condition results. The condition of remainder of strategic and primary roads under provincial administration is substantially worse (36.2% in poor to very poor), and needs to be addressed as matter of priority due to negative impact on South African economy. 23 SANRAL AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC More than 70 % of SANRAL network has less than 5000 vpd – “Below Toll Threshold” – Thus reliant on National Treasury allocations. 30 % Toll viable of which 13 % is already tolled. 24 SANRAL NETWORK VEHICLE KILOMETRE TRAVEL SANRAL network only 3.6% of length, but carries 34.1% of vehicle kilometres. Also carries 70% of the long distance road freight traffic (43% of total freight). 25 Road Asset Management System by SANRAL 26 Typical Life Cycle of Most Roads ! New Road - Deterioration over time due to Traffic Loading & Environment NO Preventative Maintenance - Crack Sealing /Resealing - Cleaning Drainage Structures - Cutting of Grass 27 What Is The Solution – Automatic Pothole Patching? Nooooooo…. Potholes are the symptom not the cause… 28 Typical Life Cycle of SANRAL Roads ! SANRAL Routine Maintenance Cost - Crack Sealing, Cleaning Drainage Structures, Cutting of Grass - R 8.50 m2 / year SANRAL Reseal Cost - R70 – R250 m2 / 10 year SANRAL Pothole Repair Cost -R 700 – R25 000 / m2 -SANRAL In-situ Recycle -R 250 – R500 / m2 29 Asset Management = Planning ) 2 Optimal Zone At SANRAL = RR8.50 6.50 / m2 per year Routine Maintenance Costs Per Year (R/m Year Per Costs Maintenance Routine Degree of Planning Preventative Maintenance Reactive Maintenance Total Maintenance 30 Asset Management System Building Blocks/Puzzle Pieces of AMS Funding Policy/ People Procedures Data Hardware Software • Policy/Procedures – Principles/Rules to Guide Decisions and achieve rational outcomes – what, where, when, how. • Funding – Financial resources for operation and results implementation. • People - People make decisions, the rest are just to support the process. • Hardware – Road Survey Equipment + IT Infrastructure. • Software – Computer based data Analysis and Storage Tools. • Data – Knowing what you have, its condition and performance Trend. 31 Road Asset Management System - Success Funding Policy/ People Procedures Hardware Data Software • For asset management to be successful all the “pieces of the puzzle” need to be in place in a “balanced equilibrium” • It does not help you have the most advance survey vehicle but no means to effectively store and analyse the data, or • Have the most sophisticate software, but the quality of your data is suspect ! • Without Funding and People – Nothing will happen !!! 32 AMS Hardware/Condition Data: SANRAL Various condition parameters