Classificalion, reconstructed phylogeny and geographic history of the Ner+ I,torId nembers of Plateumaris Thomson 1859, and phylogeny and recLassificaLion of the genera of Donaciinae (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). by I ngol f S. Àskevold A thes i s presented to the University of Manitoba in ful f illment of the thesis requirement for lhe degree of Ðoctor of Phi losophy in Dèpartmen! of EntomoLogy, University of Maniloba. I,li nn i peg , Man i toba IngoLf S. Askevold, 1990 NationaldLib(ary Bibliothèque nationate *E du Canada Cånadian Theses Service Service des thèses cánadiennes O((awa. 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ISBN ø-315-633ø4-e Canadä CLASSIFICATION, RECONSTRUCTED PHYLOGENY AND GEOGRAPHIC HISToRY OF lHE NEkì1,¡ORLD MEMBERS 0F Plateumaris THoMSoN 1859, AND pHyLocENy ¿rn n¡ cles s r r-lõITr o-Ñ-õi- ru¡ GENERA 0F DoNACIINAE (Coleopterar Chrysornelidae) BY INGOTF S. ASKEVOLD A thesis subnrined to thc Faculty of CÌaduate Studies of thc Univcrsity of Manitoba in partial fullìllment of the requircntents of the degr€e of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPEY o 1990 Permission has bcen granted to the LIBRARY OF THE UNIVER- SiTY OF MANITOBA to lend or sell copies of rhis rhesis. to the NATIONAL LIBR,ARY OF CANADA to ¡nic¡ofilm this thesis and to lcnd or æll copies oí thc lìlm, and UNIVERSITY M¡CROFILMS to publish an abstracr of ¡his thesis. The author ¡escrvcs othcr publicalion righfs, and ne¡thcr thc thesis nor extcnsivc cxtracts from it may be pnnteC or other. wise rcproduccd w¡lhout the author's vrrifien permission. 435 5, SYSTEI'IÀTiCS OF THE NEI{ I{ORLD GENUS POECITOCERÀ SCHÀEFFER. As a result of reconstruction of relationships of genera of Donaciinae, I found that Poecilocera would have to be resurrected from synonymy with Sominella. Therefore, I redescribe Poecilocera and its single included member, beJ.ow. The name Poecilocera r¡as first proposed for a subgenus of Donacia (sensu Iato) by Schaeffer (1919) to accommodate a single Nearctic species, Ðonacia harrisii teConte. As Schaeffer observed, this species possesses character states similar !o Plateumaris, bul also to Donacia. The name Plateumaris had not yet achieved common use as a genus name among North Ànerican coleopterists by the time Schaeffer revised lhe Nearctic Donaciinae ('1919, 1925). Thus, PoeciLocera !ras not recognized as a genus either. Goecke (1931) was the first and last author to examine the generic assignment of Ðqgg-¿ê b.I¡!-E ij-, and transferred it to the genus SomineIIa on the basis of gross similarity and anlennomere proportion. Marx (1957) followed Schaeffer (1925) and considered Poecilocera a subgenus of Donãcia, while Monrós (1959) considered SoninelLa (including Q, harrisii) a subgenus of Plateumaris. Recent authors (g.g. Jolivet 1970, Borowiec 1984), reLained genus status of SominelLa, !¡ith q, harrisii placed in it. 5.,l, ELEvÀrroN 0F E9EC!_L9SEBÀ T0 GENUS STÀrUS. Àdult specimens of Poecilocera are characterized primarily by plesiomorphic character statesi smaÌ1 eyes, undeveloped vertexal calli, lack of pubescence on pronotal hypomeron, rounded elytral apices (or apex depressed, and therefore appearing emarginate), robust, tapering tegmen, lack of subbasal angulation of median lobe, teeth of mandibles approximate, and mesosternal process narroli. 436 Àdul! specimens of Somínella also share most of these plesiomorphic states, but shape of elytral apex and hypomeral pubescence vary; the tegmen is slender, and mandible with apical leeth a littIe divergent, These charac!er states are derived in relation to the states possessed by Poecilocera (and Plateumaris), and are shared with other genera of Donaciini and the Haemoniini. Àddi!ionaIly, specimens of P. harrisii have a slightly developed hyporneral pubescent area, which I consider tentaLively a s!ate intermediate beLween tha! shorln by Plateumaris and mosl of the Donaciini and Haemoniini. Ànong lhe species placed in Sominella, a variety of states occur; specimens of !. Ionqicornis lack hypomeral pubescence; those of S. reticulata have only a very few inconspicuous selae and could be equally considered as lacking, or having poorly deveJ.oped, hyponeral pubescence; specimens of !. macrocnenia are much like those of !. harrisii in this character, while those of !. kraatzi have hypomeral pubescence f ulJ.y developed, as in other Donaciini. t argued (Àskevotd 1988) that this character may have been important in donaciine evo).ution, its presence being apomorphic (but Iosl independently in the ancestor !o Macroplea). (1931) Goecke's observation lhat Sominella species Ii.g.. , S.. macrocnemia (F. von $laldheim) and !. l.onqicornis (Jacoby)J are convincingly similar to !. harrisii is true. General simiJ.arity in body form and appearance would lead to the conclusion that they are congeneric: smaIl eyes, antennomere 3 equal to or Longer than 4, coarse but sparse transverse rugae on elytra, and apical teeth of mandibles approximate in ESÊ_çj_l_99ge., only a little divergenl in Sominella, Specimens of f,. Ionqicornis have the apical sutural interval somewhat 43'1 narrowed, similar to that of E, hg¡iSj¿ and members of PLateumaris, but this is not shared by specinens of !. macrocnemia or the trvo other species I tenLatively place in the genus. Character staLes possessed by members of Sominelìa therefore constitute a mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived states. Derived shates suggest placement in Donaciini + HaeÍìoniini, while !he plesiomorphic states shorl affinity to lhe Plateumarini. Plesiomorphies cannot be used to reconstruct relationships (ttennig 1966, Kavanaugh 1972), so despite subs!antial similarity of !. harrisii to members of Sominella, I cannot consider them contribal or congeneric. Retention of P, harrisii in Sominella would render the Latter paraphyleLic, Therefore, I remove B. harrisii from !cm:!nglle and place it in a monobasic Aenus, for which the name !99q!.!9çg¡g was made available by Schaeffer (1919). 5.2, TREÀTHENT OF POECITOCERÀ. PoecÍlocera Schaeffer (1919). NEI{ STÀTUS Donacia (Poecilocera) Schaeffer (1919:308, 1925:120). Sominella, ex parte: Goecke (1931, 1960a:10), Jolivet (1970:61), Wilcox (1975:3), Borowiec ( 1984:454 ) , SominaelLa: Monrós and Bechyné (1956:1121), ITNiIUSTI FI ED EI.{ENDÂTI 0N Plateumaris (Soninaella), ex parte: t'tonrós (1959194,107). T'N']USTIFIED E}ÍENDÀTION TÏPE SPECIES. Donacia harrisii Leconte, 1851, by monotypy. ETYI.{oEoGy. Not stated by Schaeffer. The name could be based on the Greek poecil, meaning variegated or coLoured, and keras, neaning horns 438 (or antennae) (Jaeger 1955). This rnay be the meaning Schaeffer intended, but such characlers are not at aLL distinctive among donaciines. DIÀGNoSIS. Elytral apex emarginate or truncate, sutural interval narroçed before apex, Lower margin explanalel pronotum with pubescence of anterior Iateral parts of prosternum extending slightly and sparsely onto hypomeron r+hich is otherI,¡ise entirely glabrous; apical teeth of mandibles approximate; mesosternal process narrow between mesocoxae; eyes small., ver!ex not raised; median lobe !¡ithout basal angulation, tegmen robust and tapering; ovipositor 14ith ventral and dorsal valves of equal lenglh, and with subapical surface finely seLose. INCLT'DED TÀXON. Poecilocera harrisii (teconLe 1851:316) NEW COMBINÀTION Figures 7, 10, 14,2'71,272, Donac ia harrisii LeConte (1851:315). Donacia harrisii: Crotch (1873:20), Leng (1891 :172\, Donacia harrisi: Jacoby and Clavareau (190a:8), Clavareau (1913:21 ), I,iitcox (1954l.372), Donacia (Poecilocera) harrisi: Schaeffer (1919:308, 1925:120), Marx (1957:195 ) SominelLa harrisi: Goecke ('1 931:159), Jolive! (1970:61), }ii lcox (1975:3), Borowiec (1984:454). Plateumaris (Soninaella) harrisi: t¡onrós (1959:107). TYPE SPECIMEN. HOLOTyPE ?, MCz Type #4244. The holotype female bears the Iabels: " lpink disc] 9, type #4244 lreð1, D. Harrisi i. " 439 Infornation about typei The single specimen of Donacia harrisii in the Leconte Collection is the holofype. TYPE LoCÀLITY. The LeConte pink disc indicates "Middle States, N.Y.", although LeConte s!ales "Penn. rarissime". ETYI'!oLoGY. Evidently named after ?.I.l. Harris, fron whom Leconte states he oblained the specimen under the manuscript name !. inermis Harris. TÀXONO!íI C HISTORY. Poecilocera harrisii has been long recognized by authors, there being no taxon with which to confuse it, although the Donacia harrisi Isic] that Blatchley (1910) recognized was subsequently described by Schaeffer (1925) as q. (Plateumaris) diversa. Ðonacia harrisii became emended to D, harrisi, it seems first by Jacoby and Cìavareau (1904), and has been spelted as such since. Schaeffer recognized thaf Ð. harrisii