September 1957 Journ. .J ap. Bo t. Vo l. 32 No. 9 275 Tuguo TATEOKA*: MisceUaneous papers on the phylogeny of Poaceae (10). Proposition of a new phylogenetic system of Poaceae 料 館岡亜緒ホイネ科の系統分類に関する雑記(1 0) イネ科新分類系の提案林 Based on the considerations described in the previous papers of this series ， the classification classification and genealogical tree of Poaceae are presented in Table 1 and Fig. l. The relationships among tribes according to my conjecture are more clearly shown in in Table 2. Table 3 is the list of ]apanese grasses classified according to this view. The importance of chromosome con 白guration in the systematics of grass groups was for the first time revealed by Avdulov (1931) ，who gave an impulse to syste- matic investigations of grasses bγintroducing the characteristics of chromosomes as a systematic criterion. While Avdulov's work is monumental ， in the light of our present present knowledge his belief in stability of chromosomes as to number and size should make place to a more flexible view. Variation of the karyotype among individuals individuals of the same species ，spontaneous chromosome breakage ， variation of chromosomes within the same individual ， the presence of B-chromosomes ，etc. ，in- dicate dicate the flexibility of the chromosome numbers and sizes. This makes it neces- sary sary to revise Avdulov's views in several instances. For example ，Avdulov (1. c.) includes includes tbe genus Brachypodium in Poatae-Phragmitiformes which is clearly dif- ferent ferent from Festuceae-Bromeae ，on the ground that this genus possesses small chromosomes and the basic number is not 7. According to my grouping ， this systematic systematic treatment is inadequate. The nuclear plates of Poa annua Linn. (2n= 28) ，a member of Festuceae ， include several small chromosomes similar to Brachy- podium chromosomes ，and such small chromosomes are also found in the chromo- somes sets of. P. .n 争ponica Koidz. (2n=42 ， 56) which is closely allied to P. annua Linn. Linn. Most plants belonging to Festuceae have large- to medium-sized chromo- somes ，and it is quite possible that the small chromosomes in Brachypodium have developed from the chromosomes of the former type. If the chromosomes number and size we 閃 so stable as maintained by Avdulov ，Brachypodium)hould be included in in Phragmitiformes. However ， in view of various other features possessed by ホ National Institute of Genetics. Mishima. Shizuoka Pre f. 国立遺伝学研挺所. 林 Contτibutions from the National Institute of Genetics. No. 215. - 19- 276 植物研究雑譜第32 巻第9 号 昭和 32 年 9 月 Brachypodium ， this genus should be most naturally referred to Festuceae ，and it~ chromosome configuration should have been derived from some ancestral chromo- some type which resembled that of the typical festucoid genera. Subsequently ， karyological karyological investigations of grasses have been carried out by many cytologists ， although no noteworthy study ot ・karyosystematics of Poaceae have been published. These data should be reexamined from a more recent view point. The characteristics in leaf structure are another valuable criterion in the syste- matics of Poaceae. Avdulov (1931) has reviewed the studies of leaf structure in grasses ，and divided it into two tγpes ，1 and II. Prat (1936) ，based on his OW Jl Table 1. The classification o[ Poaceae according to the present author. Subfam. Pharoideae Beet1e 持 Trib. Danthonieae C. E. Hubbard 呪ー Trib. Trib. Anomoch10eae C. E. Hubbard Trib. Garnotieae Tateoka 持持長持 Trib. Trib. Streptochaeteae C. E. Hubbard Trib. Arundinelleae Stapi ・ Trib. Trib. Bambuseae Nees Subfam. Pooideae A. Br. Trib. Trib. Olvreae Kunth Trib. Festuceae Dumor t. Trib. Trib. Oryzeae Kunth Trib. Monermcae C. E. Hubbard Trib. Trib. Phyllorachieae C. E. Hubbard Trib. Triticeae Dumort. Trib. Trib. Pariancae D. E. Hubbard Trib. Agrosteae Nees -K-時長兼 Trib. Trib. Micraireae Pi1ger Subfam. Eragrostoideae Pi1ger Subfam. Arundoideae Tateoka 長持 Trib. Spartineae C. E. Hubbard 骨 Trib. Trib. Coleantheae Ascher. & Graebn. Trib. Chlorideae Kunth Trib. Trib. Brachelytreae Ohwi Trib. Lappagineae Link Trib. Trib. Stipeae Nees Trib. Pappophoreae Kunth Trib. Trib. Aristideae Hubbard & Vaugham Subfam. Panicoideae A. B r. Trib. Trib. Meliceae Fries Trib. Lecomtelleae Pilger Trib. Trib. Glycerieae C. E. Hubbard 長 Trib. Bovinelleae A. Camus Trib. Trib. Nardeae Reichenb. Trib. Anthephoreae Pilger Trib. Trib. Lygeeae Lange Trib. Melinideae Hitchcock Trib. Trib. Centotheceae Roshcv. Trib. Trachyeae Pilger Trib. Trib. Streptogyneae C. E. Hubbard Trib. Isachneae Benth. Trib. Trib. Ehrhau:ae Tateoka" ー是非 Trib. Paniceae R. Br. Trib. Trib. Phaenospermeae Roshev. Trib. Andropogoneae PresL Trib. Trib. Arundineae Reichenb. Trib. Maydeae Mathieu Trib. Trib. Thysanolaeneae C. E. Hubbard - 20- 円、 LU lQJ 57 υeD&EL en 、a er 且 .J ourn. Jap. Bot. Vo l. 32 No. 9 277 observations ， divided the leaf structure of grasses into the Festucoid type and the /~anicoid type including the Panicoid subtype ， Chloridoid subtype and ..Bambusoid subtype. subtype. Avdulov's Type 1 and Prat's Panicoid tγpe are seemingly similar ，though rather rather dissimilar in reality. The same is true of Type II and the Festucoid type. Prat's Prat's Panicoid type includes Avdulov's Type ! and a part of Type II ，and Prat's Festucoid Festucoid type corresponds with Avdulov's Type II partly. The members whose leaf leaf structures have been referred to Type II by Avdulov and to Panicoid type by Prat Prat are Phragmites ，Arundo and Uniola. While in the typical Panicoid type the chloroplasts chloroplasts are localized in an outer bundle sheath surrounding the vascular bundles ， the bundles in Phragmites ，'Arundo and Uniola are surrounded by an 持 Sine descrip 1. la 1. Subfam. Pharoideae Beetle in Bul l. Tor r. Bo t. Club 29: 360 ， 1950. 1950. T 1' ib. Glyce 1' ieae C. E. Hubba 1' d in Grasses ， p. 401 ， 1954. Trib. Danthonieae c. c. E. Hubbard in J. Hutch.'s Brit. F l. P 1.， p. 307 ， 1948. Trib. Spartineae C. E. Hubbard in G 1' asses ， p. 401 ， 1954. 州 Subfamilia Arundoideae Tateoka ，sub f. nov. ・-Spicula uni- vel plu 1' iflo 1' a， saepe floribus floribus superio 1' ibus reductis sed in speciebus paucis eis inferioribus impe 1' fectis ， stig ll.J. atibus saepe dense et minute plumosis ， staminibus 3 vel paucio 1' ibus interdum 6. 6. Numerus chromosomatis saepe b= 12 ，11 ， vel 10. Characte 1' istics of t1' ansverse leaf leaf section are mostly festucoid or bambusoid ，a few panicoid. Epide 1' mal features are are panicoid 0 1' festucoid. 特長特 T 1' ibus Ehrharteae Tateoka ，t 1' ib. nov.-Spiculae pedicellatae ，lateralite 1' compressae ，t 1' iflo 1' ae ，rach i1l a supra glumas non articulata; 臼o1' es inferiores 2 steri- 1e s; eius summus tantum fe 1' tilis. Lemmata sterilia quam glumae longio 1' a. Lem- ma fertile interdum basi appendiculatum; appendice subnodifo 1' mi cum ea lemmatis supe 1' io 1' is ca 1' donem fo 1' mante. Paleae angustea ，costatae ，1・ ve12 ・nervosae. Stamina 6，4. ， 3， 2， vel 1. Genera 3 includenda: Ehrharta Thunb. (Typus) ，Jt licrolaena R. Br. Br. et Tetr αγ， rhena R. Br. 州制 Tribus Garnotieae Tateoka ， trib. nov ，-SBiculae uniflorae; pili calli basi spiculae spiculae siti recti ， breves longive ，plerumque torti; rachilla pone paleam non pro- jecta. jecta. Glumae 2，memb 1' anceae interdum rigidio 1' es 司 trinervatae ， apice acutae usque acuminatae ra 1' o obtusae. Lemmata glabra ，laevia ， raro ad apicem minute scabrida ， convexa ， tenuiter 3・nervo 叫 apice a 1' istata (sed rarissime mutica). Paleae hyalinae ， 子nervatae ，secundum nervum carinatae. Flores he 1' maphroditi ， lodiculus parvis ， antheris antheris 3， ovario glabro ， stylo distincto ， stigmatibus 2 plumosis. Caryopsides fere lineari-oblongae ， scutello ad 1/3 caryopsidis extenso. Genus unicum includendum: Garnotia Brongn. 制却制 Pilger (1954) included within Aveneae (sens. lat.) the genera which had been treated as members of Agros[eae sens. st r. as well as the gene 1' a of Aveneae sens. sens. str. But ， in 1942 Ohwi has taken the same systematic grouping as Agrosteae Nees. Nees. According to the rule of nomenclature ，Ohwi's treatment must be adopted. - 21 - 278 278 植物研究雑誌第32 巻第9 号 昭和 32 年 9 月 outer outer sheath lacking chloroplasts which are uniformly distributed throghout. the mesophy Jl. 1 (1956a) have reexamined the 'grasses in Prat's materials ， as well .as other other ]apanese and American grasses ，and obtained similar resUlts to those of the previous previous investigators except for the finding of peculiar features of leaf anatomγ in in Arundinella hirta Tanaka. While Prat's results are very interesting and impor- tant tant for the systematics of Poaceae ， the leaf structures of many species or species groups had remained unknown. Such species or species groups have been studied 〆 " ， ーー- 町.._ _- -ーーーーー' PRAROIDEAE Fig. Fig. 1. Diagram showi 白g the phylogeny of.. Poaceae according to ~the present autho t" - 22 ー September 1957 Journ. Jap. Bot. Vo l. 32 No. 9 279 bγvarious subsequent investigators ，such as Potztal (1952 ，1953) ，Hansen and Potztal Potztal (1954) ，Page (1947) ，de Wet (1954 ，1956) ，Tateoka (1956b ，k， 1， 1957c ，d ，e， f) ， etc. etc. These investigations have yielded discoveries which are valuable for the syste- matlcs matlcs of Poaceae ，and established the systematic significance of this character. The systematic importance of anatomy of embrγo in mature caryopsis which was pointed out by Van Tieghem has been verified by Reeder (1953) The features of of the first leaf in the seedlings are also useful for the systematics 0 1' Poaceae. Besides ， various other characters: the features of root-hair development ，endosperm starch.grains ， etc. are of systematic value (c f. Stebbins 1956). Some of these char- acters acters in various grasses of problematic position have remaiiled unknown. To me ， the two characters~ chromosomes and leaf structure ，seem to be especially useful for the the systematics of Poaceae at present. Thus ， the discussions are primarily based on these these two characters as well as the external morphology and distribution of the plants.