Lars Bo Jensen Fagligt Selvstudie – Selvstændig Studenteraktivitet Course ID: ETK-ISA-U1 Supervisors: Marianne Wesnæs and Morten Birkved Date: 21/12 2018 ODENSE LETBANE A Life Cycle Assessment of Odense’s Light Rail Project 1 Indhold 2 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. 5 3. List of Figures, Tables and Equations ......................................................................................................... 6 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 8 4 Goal Definition ........................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1 Study Commissioner and Audience ................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Study Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 9 4.3 Study Goal and application ................................................................................................................ 9 5 Scope Definition ...................................................................................................................................... 11 5.1 Deliverables ..................................................................................................................................... 11 5.2 Functional Unit ................................................................................................................................ 11 5.3 Temporal, spatial and technical scope ............................................................................................ 11 5.4 System Boundaries .......................................................................................................................... 12 5.5 Process Flow Diagrams .................................................................................................................... 13 5.5.1 Reference Scenario – busses ................................................................................................... 13 5.5.2 Alternative Scenario – Odense Letbane ................................................................................... 14 6 Life Cycle Inventory Assessment ............................................................................................................. 16 6.1 Data Collection ................................................................................................................................ 16 6.2 Basis for Impact Assessment ........................................................................................................... 16 6.3 Critical Review Needs ...................................................................................................................... 17 6.4 System Modelling per Life Cycle Stage ............................................................................................ 17 6.4.1 Manufacturing Phase ............................................................................................................... 17 6.4.2 Use Phase ................................................................................................................................ 17 6.4.3 End of Life Phase...................................................................................................................... 17 6.5 Calculated LCI Results ...................................................................................................................... 18 6.6 Basis for Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis ................................................................................. 22 7 Life Cycle Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................. 23 7.1 Interpretation .................................................................................................................................. 23 7.2 Significant Issues .............................................................................................................................. 25 7.3 Sensitivity and Uncertainty Checks ................................................................................................. 25 7.3.1 Electricity mix .......................................................................................................................... 25 7.3.2 Train Electricity Usage ............................................................................................................. 26 1 7.3.3 Expected Transport Effects ...................................................................................................... 26 7.3.4 Number of Passengers ............................................................................................................. 27 7.4 Completeness and Consistency Checks ........................................................................................... 28 8 Conclusion, Limitations and Recommendations ..................................................................................... 28 9 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................. 30 10 Appendix .............................................................................................................................................. 32 10.1 Odense Light Rail scenario ............................................................................................................... 32 10.1.1 Construction of Rails ................................................................................................................ 32 10.1.2 Construction of Stations and civil works ................................................................................. 32 10.1.3 Train Production ...................................................................................................................... 33 10.1.4 Garbage generated during construction ................................................................................. 33 10.1.5 Forest Removal ........................................................................................................................ 34 10.1.6 Rail Maintenance ..................................................................................................................... 35 10.1.7 Maintenance of Civil Works ..................................................................................................... 35 10.1.8 Maintenance of stations .......................................................................................................... 37 10.1.9 Train Maintenance................................................................................................................... 38 10.1.10 Energy Usage ....................................................................................................................... 39 10.1.11 Person Kilometers ................................................................................................................ 39 10.1.12 Expected Traffic Effects ....................................................................................................... 41 10.1.13 Construction End-of-Life ...................................................................................................... 42 10.1.14 Train End-of-Life .................................................................................................................. 43 10.2 Bus Scenario .................................................................................................................................... 43 10.2.1 Bus Maintenance ..................................................................................................................... 43 10.2.2 Bus fuel .................................................................................................................................... 44 10.2.3 Bus replacement ...................................................................................................................... 45 10.3 LCI Results ........................................................................................................................................ 46 10.4 Biomass consumption – Hard Coal case .......................................................................................... 50 2 2 Foreword This paper was written as part of an Individual Student Activity. The Activity was conducted during a third semester of a master’s course in Energy Technology, at SDU Odense. Thanks are owed to the supervisor Mariannes Wesnæs and Morten Birkved, who provided valuable input and instruction during the process 3 1. Executive Summary This paper presents the results of a Life Cycle analysis of the Odense Letbane Project, expected to be completed in late 2020. The light rail is expected replace part of the service currently provided by busses in the Danish city of Odense. The LCA considers the project