Standardized Analytical Methods for Use During Homeland Security Events Revision 2.0 September 29, 2005 OUDATED OUDATED EPA/600/R-04/126B September 2005 Standardized Analytical Methods for Use During Homeland Security Events Revision 2.0 September 29, 2005 Prepared by Computer Sciences Corporation Alexandria, VA 22304-3540 Prepared under EPA Contract No. 68-W-01-034 Prepared for Oba Vincent W ork Assignment Manager OUDATEDNational Homeland Security Research Center United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Cincinnati, OH 45268 Disclaimer The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract 68-W-01-034 to Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). This document has been subjected to the Agency’s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this document or in the methods referenced in this document does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Questions concerning this document or its application should be addressed to: Oba Vincent National Homeland Security Research Center Office of Research and Development (163) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 26 West Martin Luther King Drive Cincinnati, OH 45268 (513) 569-7456 [email protected] OUDATED ii Use of This Document The information contained in this document represents the latest step in an ongoing National Homeland Security Research Center effort to provide standardized analytical methods for use by laboratories tasked with performing analyses in response to a homeland security event. Although at this time, many of the methods listed have not been tested for a particular analyte (e.g., analytes not explicitly identified in the method) or matrix, the methods are considered to contain the most appropriate currently available techniques. Unless a published method that is listed in this document states specific applicability to the analyte/matrix pair for which it has been selected, it should be assumed that method testing is needed. In these cases, adjustment may be required to accurately account for variations in environmental matrices, analyte characteristics, and target risk levels. Many of the target analytes listed in this document have only recently become an environmental concern, and EPA is actively pursuing development and validation of Standard Analytical Protocols (SAPs) based on the methods listed, including optimization of procedures for measuring target compounds. In those cases where method procedures are determined to be insufficient for a particular situation, EPA will provide guidance regarding appropriate actions. This will be an ongoing process as EPA will strive to establish a consistent level of validation for all listed analytes. OUDATED SAM Revision 2.0 iii September 29, 2005 Foreword The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with protecting the Nation’s land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA’s research program is providing data and technical support for solving environmental problems today and building a scientific base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health, and prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future. The National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) is the Agency’s center for conducting research to facilitate protection and decontamination of structures and water infrastructure subject to chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) terror attacks. NHSRC’s research is designed to provide appropriate, effective, and validated technologies, methods, and guidance to understand the risk posed by CBR agents to enhance our ability to detect, contain, and clean up in the event of such attacks. NHSRC will also provide direct technical assistance to response personnel in the event of a CBR attack, as well as provide related interagency liaisons. This publication has been produced as part of the Center’s long-term research plan. It is published and made available by EPA’s Office of Research and Development to assist the user community and to link researchers with their clients. Andrew P. Avel, Acting Director National Homeland Security Research Center OUDATED SAM Revision 2.0 iv September 29, 2005 Abbreviations and Acronyms AEM Applied and Environmental Microbiology AGI sampler All Glass Impinger Sampler AOAC AOAC International (formerly the Association of Official Analytical Chemists) ASTM ASTM International (formerly the American Society for Testing and Materials) BSL Biosafety Level °C Degrees Celsius Campy-BAC Campylobacter-Brucella agar base with sheep blood and antibiotics CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CFR Code of Federal Regulations CLP Contract Laboratory Program CVAA Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption CVAFS Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry DAPI 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole DHS Department of Homeland Security DIC Differential Interference Contrast DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNPH 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine DoD Department of Defense ED Electron Diffraction EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDXA Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis EEB EHEC Enrichment Broth EHEC Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli EIA Enzyme Immunoassay ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay EMMI Environmental Monitoring Methods Index EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EQL Estimated Quantitation Limit FA Fluorescence Assay FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FDA Food and Drug Administration FID Flame Ionization Detector FITC Fluorescein isothiocyanate FSIS Food Safety and Inspection Service GC Gas Chromatograph or Gas Chromatography GC/MS Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer or Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry GFAA Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer or Graphite Furnace Atomic OUDATEDAbsorption Spectrophotometry GITC Guanidinium isothiocyanate HAV Hepatitis A Virus HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatograph or High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC-FL High Performance Liquid Chromatograph - Fluorescence HPLC-MS High Performance Liquid Chromatograph - Mass Spectrometer IC Ion Chromatograph or Ion Chromatography ICC Integrated cell culture ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma ICP-AES Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry SA M R evision 2.0 v September 29, 2005 ICR Information Collection Rule IMS Immunomagnetic Separation INCHEM INCHEM is a means of rapid access to internationally peer reviewed information on chemicals commonly used throughout the world, which may also occur as contaminants in the environment and food. It consolidates information from a number of intergovernmental organizations whose goal it is to assist in the sound management of chemicals. http://www.inchem.org/ IO Inorganic ISO International Organization for Standardization ISE Ion Specific Electrode K-D Kuderna-Danish LIA Lysine Iron Agar LRN Laboratory Response Network LSE Liquid/Solid Extraction MS Mass Spectrometer or Mass Spectrometry or Matrix Spike MSD Matrix Spike Duplicate MW Molecular Weight NA Not Applicable NEMI National Environmental Methods Index NERL-CI National Exposure Risk Laboratory-Cincinnati NHSRC National Homeland Security Research Center NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NOS Not Otherwise Specified NTIS National Technical Information Service ONPG Ortho-nitrophenyl-$-D-galactopyranoside OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OW Office of Water PAHs Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls PCDDs Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins PCDFs Polychlorinated dibenzofurans PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PFE Pressurized Fluid Extraction QC Quality Control RNA Ribonucleic Acid RP/HPLC Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography RT-PCR Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction SAED Selected Area Electron Diffraction SM Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater SPE Solid-Phase Extraction OUDATEDSW Solid Waste TBD To Be Determined TCBS Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose TC SMAC Tellurite Cefixime Sorbitol MaConkey agar TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure TEM Transmission Electron Microscope or Microscopy TOXNET National Library of Medicine, Toxicological Database TRF Time resolved fluorescence TRU Trans Uranic TS Thermospray TSI Triple Sugar Iron SA M R evision 2.0 vi September 29, 2005 USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USGS U.S. Geological Survey UV Ultraviolet VEE Venezeulan Equine Encephalitis VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds VOA Volatile Organic Analysis XLD Xylose lysine desoxycholate OUDATED SAM Revision 2.0 vii September 29, 2005 Acknowledgments The contributions of the following persons and organizations to the development of this document are gratefully acknowledged: EPA Homeland Security Laboratory Capability Workgroup Analytical Methods Subteam Steve Allgeier, Office of Water David Friedman, Office of Research and Development Ben Hull, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air Michael S. Johnson, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Alan Lindquist, Office of Research and Development Rob Rothman, Office of Research and Development Oba Vincent, Office of Research and Development United States Environmental Protection Agency C Office of Research and Development