SECURITY COUNCIL Security Council may respond with the Author: Natalia Amortegui, Sofia following actions as stated on the UN Santamaria Luna, Sebastián Gaitán Borja, charter: set forth principles for such an Juan Pablo Grimaldos Olivella y Juan agreement; undertake investigation and Pablo Moreno mediation; dispatch a mission; appoint Time for opening speech: 90 seconds special envoys; or request the Secretary- General to use his good offices to achieve INTRODUCTION TO THE COMMITTEE a pacific settlement of the dispute. The The Security Council is one of the six main enforcement measures that the council organs established by the United Nations may opt for achieving international peace Charter in 1945. The primary responsibility include economic sanctions, arms of the council is to maintain international embargoes, financial peace and security.Following the fifth penalties/restrictions, travel bans, chapter of the United Nations Charter, the severance of diplomatic relations, Security Council has four main purposes, blockades and collective military action. which include the preservation of The Security Council is made up of five international peace and security, the permanent members with ten non development of friendly relations among permanent members that change within a nations, the cooperation for solving time of two years. The UN Charter’s most international problems as well as the significant distinction between permanent promotion of respect for human rights and and non permanent members is the veto being a centre for harmonizing the actions power. Based on the article 27.3 of the of nations. The decisions taken by the Charter, all substantive decisions of the Security Council must be accepted and Council must be made with “the carried out by all members of the United concurring votes of the permanent Nations. On the other hand, while the members”. Such members being the Security Council has the power to make United States of America, the French decisions that member states are expected Republic, the United Kingdom of Great to comply with, the other organs can only Britain and Northern Ireland, the Russian make recommendations to member Federation and the People's Republic of states. When a complaint concerning a China. threat to peace is brought to the council, the recommendation presented has the TOPIC A: LIBYAN CONFLICT purpose of reaching a viable agreement between the parties involved through HISTORICAL CONTEXT peaceful methods. When a threat towards The current Libyan conflict is the second international peace is presented the civil war in this country. It is a continuous conflict amongst factions (Tobruk-led Government and Libyan National Army, Government of National Accord, the REPERCUSSIONS United Nations and allies, and lastly the Since February of 2015 the repercussions local forces). The objective of these of the Libyan conflict have been persistent factions is to control the territory and oil and highly detrimental. The most obvious extraction of the country. The historical repercussions are constant electric context dates back to the Arab Spring outages, standstill business, loss of protests in 2011, which led to the first revenues from oil (which surpass the Libyan civil war, also known as the Libyan ninety per cent), and lastly the great loss Revolution. Afterwards a foreign military of life and the fleeing of a large part of the intervention took place and lastly population to Tunisia. Moreover, Muammar Gaddafi was violently killed, according to the UNHCR, around 1.3 leading the country was into a chaotic million people in Libya are in need of scene, with actors such as rebel forces, humanitarian assistance, they lack access revolutionary brigades, post-revolutionary to health care, essential medicines, food, brigades, militias and other armed groups. potable water, shelter, and education. It is This varied belic groups led to the as well necessary to bear in mind the continuous presence of violence and displacement scenario in Libya, 217,002 violation of human rights in the region. people are displaces inside the country Considering this situation, the National and 278,559 are returnees. Transitional Council called for the armed groups to register and unite under the Libyan refugees: Refugees from the Libyan ​ Ministry of Defense, this action legitimized civil war have fled or were expelled from many armed groups by placing them under their homes in Libya. The countries to the approval if the government. which they have mainly emigrated are Tunisia, Egypt, and Chad, and a few On the eleventh of September of 2012, European countries in the mediterranean militants allied with Al-Qaeda attacked the region. According to The Daily Telegraph United States consulate, murdering the US from London, the majority of said refugees ambassador and three other members. are Arabs and Berbers, thigh sub- Saharan This event resulted in a public cry against africans are as well predominantly present the militias that were still operating and amongst these refugees. According to the resulted in the attack to several militia United Nations High Commissioner for bases on behalf of protesters. The Refugees (UNHCR) as of January 2013, escalation of violence transcended into there were 5,252 refugees originating the second Libyan Civil War, which is the from Libya. And according to Le Monde, current Libyan conflict. on may 2014, there were around 600,000 and 1,000,000 Libyan refugees only in Tunisia. Libyan children: According to UNICEF, ​ Egyptian laborers: Egyptian laborers have children in Libya continue to suffer from been and are constantly oppressed and malnutrition, and as well have difficulty harmed in Libya. They are mainly facing accessing basic education. Moreover, the kidnapping and murder. The majority of continuous conflict has caused families to these Egyptian workers have been flee their homes, thus affecting the kidnapped and held by the Islamic State, wellbeing of the children. According to the and the IS constantly publishes reports in IOM and UNICEF, 36,000 migrant children its online magazine Dabiq threatening to are in need of assistance in Libya, there is murder the abductees. According to the as well an approximate of 14,000 children Egyptian Ministry of Labor, around 2 unaccompanied, it is thought that these million Egyptians are facing these children have likely suffered from abuse, strenuous and violent conditions in Libya. exploitation, enslavement and detention. On February 2015 in a video entitled “a blood-signed message to the Nation of the CURRENT SITUATION Cross”, islamic terrorists beheaded 21 International actions: Firstly, the United Egyptian laborers who were kidnapped Nations Security Council on august 27 from the city of Siete. Violent events as 2014, approved resolution 2174 (2014). It the aforementioned have caused an called for an immediate ceasefire and approximate of 800,000 Egyptians to political dialogue. Moreover, it threatened return to Egypt. Nonetheless, from this with the use of sanctions against the number, around 4,000 Egyptian laborers supporters of the militias involved in the decided to return to Libya as they could ongoing conflict. In the year 2019, the not find a proper job. According to the United Nations reported that Jordan, testimony of Adel, a 25 year old Egyptian Turkey and the United Arab Emirates have to the Zenith, in Egypt a construction violated the Libyan arms embargo. laborer earns less than 100 Egyptian pounds, considering as well the difficulty Peace efforts of obtaining a job, whilst in Libya they can In the beginning of 2015, the United earn up to 3,000 pounds monthly. Nations collaborated in negotiations with the objective of establishing peace and However, it is necessary to bear in mind political stability. On the 17 of December alongside the violence towards Egyptians of 2015 delegates from both governments on behalf of terrorists, the violence and signed a peace deal, even though both constant humiliation towards them on sides had significant oppositions. From behalf of their employers, who sometimes said treaty the Government of National even recur to physical violence. Accord was formed, its first meeting has held on January 2 2016. however, on the as on April 5, the Security Council called seventeenth of deceiver of 2017 general upon Haftar to stop all movements of the Khalifa Haftar declared the treaty void by operation. declaring it had no mandate. Afterwards, a meeting named the Libyan National OBJECTIVE OF THE COMMITTEE Conference was planned, with the The delegates are expected to seek not objective of organizing elections and a only a peaceful solution to the issue, but peace process. Said meeting was prepared as well to seek for a solution to the through the length of eighteen months, repercussions of the war. This implies ​ and was planned to take place from the 14 considering the different dimensions of the to the 16 of April of 2019, nonetheless, it conflict, not solely focusing on the issues was postponed due to the military actions regarding terrorism. Moreover, although of the 2019 Western Libya offensive. the Security Council has the power of Considering the aforementioned, a three deciding on legitimate use of force, it is point peace plan was introduced, it highly encouraged for the delegates to consisted of a truce during Eid al- Adha seek for a peaceful and diplomatic (Festival of the Sacrifice), an international solution, considering the United Nations meeting of countries involved in the have constantly sought a peaceful