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UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 MIRRORING AS STRUCTURE AND CONCEPT: PASTERNAK’S SESTRA MOIA-ZHIZN' {MY SISTER-LIFE) AND DOKFOR ZHIVAGO {DOCTOR ZHIVAGO) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State U n iv e rsity By Adonica Ann Sendelbach, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1 9 9 7 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Irene Masing-Delic, Adviser George Kalbouss t ~~ A d v iser James Scanlan The Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures UMI Number: 9731709 Copyright 1997 by Sendelbach, Adonica Ann All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9731709 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, M l 48103 Copyright by Adonica Ann Sendelbach 1 99 7 ABSTRACT This dissertation demonstrates that mirroring as both a structure and a concept appears in Boris Pasternak’s first well- known cycle of poetry, Cecrpa m o s —x h g h b (My Sister—Life), and continues in his culminating work, SoKTop )KHBaro (Doctor Zhivago). Scholarship on Pasternak’s use of the mirroring motif has been limited to the study of imagery and/or phonemics as found in selected poems from Cecrpa. As this dissertation demonstrates, however, the motif is all-pervasive. Moreover, the significance of mirroring lies in the fact that in Pasternak’s world it reveals the interconnection and unity between all living beings across various boundaries and divisions. In order to emphasize this philosophical concept, Pasternak includes mirroring on different levels, i.e., mirroring structures, from the phonemic to the syntactic, from the image to the narrative, so that the various levels of mirroring, in fact, mirror each other. Thus, structure emphasizes concept and vice versa. Sources of influence on Pasternak’s use of mirroring as a structure and concept include 11 Vladimir Solovyov’s theories on sexual love as found in his treatise “The Meaning of Love” and Andre Gide’s device of mise en abyme, the duplication or mirroring of a work within itself. In addition, mirroring in the visual arts may have contributed to Pasternak’s use of the motif. Mirroring not only permeates various levels but also unites the whole of C ecrpa as the motif appears throughout the collection. The mirroring motif so prevalent in C ecrpa not only continues but also grows more complex in JKHBaro both as structure and as concept: these two works, one early and one late, are mirrors of each other. Ill Dedicated to my parents IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My adviser, Dr. Irene Masing-Delic, whose dedication inspires me both academically and personally, deserves my deepest appreciation for the guidance and encouragement she gave me over the years. I likewise acknowledge Dr. George Kalbouss for his sound advice on this dissertation and throughout my graduate career. My gratitude extends to Dr. James Scanlan for assisting with this project and for inspiring my exploration of Russian philosophy. In addition, I am grateful to the faculty and staff in the Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures for years of support and direction. I would also like to thank various Russian scholars, including E. K. Nesterova, Konstantin Polivanov, I. Sirotinskaia, and members of the Pasternak family, all of whom contributed to this endeavor. I sincerely appreciate the time, effort, and computer assistance provided by my Ohio State colleagues Mary Allen Johnson, Jeff Holdeman, and Peter Brandt. Moreover, the members of the Ohio State ESL Composition Program deserve recognition for their help during the final year of this project. I am deeply indebted to my family for its continued support, especially my parents, without whose help I could have never finished the degree. I would also like to thank Matt for his unflagging patience and encouragement during a most trying time. V ITA 1984 .................................................American Council of Teachers of Russian Summer Program, Pushkin Institute, Moscow, Russia 1985 .................................................B.A. Russian and Political Science, Grinnell College 1988 and 1990 .............................Summer Workshop in Russian, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 1990 .................................................M.A. Slavic Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 199 1 .................................................Summer Workshop in Czech, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 1992 .................................................International Research and Exchanges Board, Summer Exchange, Moscow State University, 1992, Moscow, Russia 1993-94 ........................................ ACTR Research Scholar Program, Moscow State Linguistics University, Moscow, Russia 1988-present ..................................Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellow, Graduate Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio VI PUBLICATIONS “Sampler Classes Reach Prospective Language Students.” AATSEEL N e w sle tte r 3)^.2 (November 1995): 28-29. “Uprazhneniia na povtorenie spiskov slov.” Conference Proceedings of the 1992 Methodological Conference of Instructors of Russian at Secondary and Post-secondary Institutions in the U.S. Moscow: Moscow State University, 1992. 21. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures Vll TABLE OF CONTENTS P ag e A bstract..................................................................................................................... ii D edication i v Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................v V ita V i Preface....................................................................................................................... 1 C hapters: Introduction ..............................................................................................................2 i. The Reception of Cecrpa M0H—X H 3 H b............................... 2 ii. Criticism of the Collection ..........................................................6 iii. Previous Research on Mirroring in the Collection ................. 15 iv. The Purpose of the Dissertation .....................................................22 1. General Contextualizations of Cecrpa MOH—:KH3Hb 2 9 i. Biographical Context and Story Line ...........................................2 9 ii. Major Themes and Life Text .........................................................3 6 2. Specific Contexualizations of Cecrpa M0Ji--XH3Hb 6 2 i. Philosophical Contexts ..................................................................... 6 2 viii ii. Artistic Contexts ...................................................................................7 9 iii. Literary Contexts ..................................................................................8 7 3. Mirroring on Various Levels in C ecrpa MOH—X H dH h ....................100 i. Mirroring and Mutual Observation ..................................................100 ii. Mirroring in Chiasmi ...........................................................................113 iii. The Mirroring of Words and Roots .................................................136 iv. The Mirroring of Phonemes and Morphemes ............................145 V. Mirroring in Rhyme .............................................................................152 vi. Mirroring in Meter ............................................................................... 163 4. Mirroring on Various Levels in TloKTop ^KHBaro ............................ 167 i. The Mirroring Pair of Cecrpa MOH—)KH3Hb dinà. ^oKrop ^KHsaro ...............................................................................167 ii. Mirroring in the Poetry of SoKrop ^iCHBaro ....................... 174 iii. Mirroring in the Prose of MoKrop JiCHBaro .........................2 0 0 5- The Development of Mirroring ...................................................................