Chimz whole Doc Revised 20th July 2015.txt AN INVESTIGATION OF INCULTURATION OF RELIGIOUS LIFE IN TWO FEMALE ROMAN CATHOLIC CONGREGATIONS OF ZAMBIA by TOMAIDA LUMBIWE CHILUMBU MILINGO A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA LUSAKA 2015 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................................... ........ i DECLARATION ......................................................................................................... ............... viii COPY RIGHT ......................................................................................................... ..................... ix APPROVAL ......................................................................................................... ........................ x DEDICATION ......................................................................................................... ..................... xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................... ................ xii LIST OF ACRONMYS ......................................................................................................... ..... xiv ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... ....................... xv INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... ................ 1 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... .............. 1 1.2 Background Information to the Study ................................................................................. 1 1.3 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................................... 6 1.6 Objectives of the Study ....................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... ... 6 1.8 Significance of the Study ..................................................................................................... 6 1.9 Definitions of Operational Concepts ................................................................................... 7 1.10 Outline and Sequence of the Work ................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER TWO...................................................................................................... ................... 10 ‘INCULTURATION’ IN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH’ ........................................... 10 2.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... ............ 10 2.2 Inculturation ......................................................................................................... ............ 10 2.2.1 Culture ......................................................................................................... Page 1 Chimz whole Doc Revised 20th July 2015.txt ............. 11 2.2.2 African Traditional Religion ....................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 Christianity and African Traditional Religion .............................................................. 15 2. 3 The Origins of the Concept of Inculturation ..................................................................... 17 2.3.1. Meaning of Inculturation.......................................................................................... 19 2.3.2 Related Expressions .................................................................................................. 20 2.4 History of Inculturation ..................................................................................................... 24 2.4.1 The Council of Jerusalem........................................................................................... 25 2.4.2 Missionary Expansion (15th Century - 17th Century) ................................................... 26 2.4.3 The Council of Trent (1545-1563) ............................................................................... 26 2.4.4 Matteo Ricci and Roberto de Nobili ........................................................................... 27 Matteo Ricci ......................................................................................................... ................. 27 Roberto de Nobili ......................................................................................................... .......... 28 2.4.7 Vatican I........................................................................................................ ............. 29 2.4.8 Promulgation of Code of Canon Law 1917 ................................................................. 30 2.4.9 Vatican II ......................................................................................................... .......... 31 2.4.10 Pope Paul VI and Pope John Paul II .......................................................................... 32 2.5.1 First African Synod ..................................................................................................... 34 2.5.2 Steps Towards Inculturation in Africa ........................................................................ 34 2.5.3 Small Christian Communities...................................................................................... 35 2.5.4 The Amecea Countries in Eastern Africa ..................................................................... 35 2.5.5 The African Synod and Small Christian Communities .................................................. 38 2.5.6 African Liturgical Rites ............................................................................................... 39 2.5.7 Synod of Bishops on Religious Life and Consecrated Life ............................................ 40 2.5.8 Inculturation in Zambia .............................................................................................. 41 2.5.9 Inculturation in the Zambian Church .......................................................................... 44 2.5.10 Centers Promoting Inculturation in Zambia .............................................................. 46 2.5.11 Zambian Association of Sisterhoods ........................................................................ 47 2.5.12 Sisters’ Claim ......................................................................................................... .. 47 2.6 Summary ......................................................................................................... ................. 49 CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................... ................. 51 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS ................................................................. 51 LIFE FOR WOMEN ......................................................................................................... .......... 51 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... ............ 51 3.2 The Development of Religious Life in the Roman Catholic Church ..................................... 52 3.3 The Eevolution of Religious Life Page 2 Chimz whole Doc Revised 20th July 2015.txt ........................................................................................ 52 3.4 Women Monasteries ....................................................................................................... 53 3.6 The Decline of the Beguine Movement ............................................................................. 56 3.7 The Mendicant Orders ..................................................................................................... 58 3.8 Changes in Religious Life .................................................................................................. 59 3.9 New forms of Consecrated Life (Religious Life) ................................................................. 61 3.10 The End of the Cloister ....................................................................................................... 61 3.11 Secular Institutes ......................................................................................................... ... 62 3.12 History of Religious Life in Zambia ............................................................................... 63 3.12.1 The Coming of Missionaries ..................................................................................... 64 3.12.2 The Arrival of International Women Congregations .................................................. 65 3.12.4 Profile of the Local Congregation in the Study ......................................................... 70 3.12.5 Background History of the Handmaid Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary (HBVM) .... 70 3.12.6 The Name and Constitution of the New Local Congregation .................................... 75 3.12.7 The New Congregation: Handmaid Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary ...................... 77 3. 12.8 Establishment