Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-41707-5 - The Cambridge Urban History of Britain: Volume III: 1840–1950 Edited by Martin Daunton Index More information Index Note: page numbers in italic refer to Tables and Figures; only those Plates mentioned in the text are indexed AMC see Association of Municipal and disease Corporations legislation on –, Abercrombie, Patrick , , pollution , , – County of London Plan () smoke pollution –, , – Greater London Plan () , urban fogs , , , – Aberdare , , see also pollution, atmospheric; smoke Aberdare valley air travel, international linkages Aberdeen , , aircraft industry Abergavenny , airports, location of – Aberystruth alienation , Aberystwyth , , in tower blocks accountability –, , –, in urban place –, Accrington , Aliens Act () , Ackroyden Alkali Acts (, and ) , , Addison, Christopher Alkali Inspectorate , see also Housing Act () allotments advertising , , – Almack’s agencies Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and and fashion , Joiners retail shops Amalgamated Society of Engineers , Aerated Bread Company cafés Amulree Committee () Aesthetic movement Ancient Order of Foresters aesthetics, of cities – Andy Capp, cartoon character agencies, government , , Anglesey , accountability of , Anglican Christian Social Union prescriptive nature of – angling – strategic weaknesses of – Angus (Forfar) see also inspectors Annan, Thomas, photographs of Glasgow , Agricultural Wages Boards and Plate agriculture anti-clericalism depression , , , , Anti-Corn Law League effect of free trade on –, – antiquarianism migration from –, apprenticeships , , , , – see also rural areas architects , air quality , role in town planning , , , © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-41707-5 - The Cambridge Urban History of Britain: Volume III: 1840–1950 Edited by Martin Daunton Index More information Index architects, borough, authority of ash, waste, for brickmaking n, Architects’ Journal Ashbourne architecture , Ashby de la Zouch , , aesthetics of – Ashington ‘Art Deco’ Ashley, Percy department stores , Ashton-under-Lyme , , factories – asphalt, as street surface , , of high density housing assemblies , of London landed estates assembly rooms modernist –, assize towns , , municipal association music halls and theatres and individuality – new churches – suburban forms of office buildings , see also clubs and societies public houses Association of Municipal Corporations , railway stations opposition to National Insurance Act () aristocracy and gentry , church attendance Special Conference on Local Government influence in urban government , , () , , Aston Villa football team leisure pursuits –, – asylums , , as patrons of municipal culture Atkinson Grimshaw, John, artist as urban landowners , – Attwood, Thomas, Birmingham see also landowners Auden, W. H. , armaments industry , August Bank Holiday – Armstrong family, Newcastle Austin, Herbert, Report on a General Scheme for army, territorial allegiances Extra-Mural Sepultre Army & Navy Stores, London Australia, telegraph connections , Arnold, Matthew Avebury, Lord, objections to municipal trading Arnott, Neil, inventor of stove , art Avonmouth, port , aesthetics of cities – crowds portrayed – BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) leisure depicted in – and national identity – portrayals of working classes –, BOCM, millers River Thames in – Bacon, Sir Francis social reportage , – Bagnall, Charles, West Bromwich and topography – Baldwin, Stanley see also photographs, of city life ballads art collections broadsheet see also museums and galleries street singers – art movements balls, charity artisans , – Banbury central London , population , craft traditions of – social and cultural life , football supporters social structure , in London industrial suburbs bands mobility of –, , brass , , mutual aid organisations , –, mission social exclusivity of , street trade associations , Bands of Hope use of apprenticeships , , Banffshire, small towns welfare benefits , Bangor , , Artizans’ and Labourers’ Dwellings Act () Bank Charter Act () , Bank of England , , Artizans’, Labourers and General Dwellings monetary policy , – Company Bank Holiday Act () Arts and Crafts movement , Banking Act () © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-41707-5 - The Cambridge Urban History of Britain: Volume III: 1840–1950 Edited by Martin Daunton Index More information Index Banks, J. A. Beer Act () , banks and banking , , beer consumption , branch offices , , , beerhouses – career structures , –, see also public houses centralisation of , , Belfast , , credit facilities port , foreign and imperial, City of London sewage system delayed – joint-stock , Belgium, network systems municipal and n Bell, Lady Florence penny Bell, Sir James, Glasgow private Belle Vue gardens savings , benefactions see also Bank of England; credit; finance benevolent societies, town-based baptism Berkshire Baptists , Berlin Bargoed Berman, Marshall , Baring’s Bank Bertram, Anthony, Design Barker, Ernest n Berwick-on-Tweed, wealth Barking, sewage outlet Betjeman, John , Barlow, Sir Montague ‘betterment levies’ see compensation and Barlow Report () , , , , betterment Bevan, Aneurin, Minister of Health , , Barnardo, Dr Thomas, Home for Destitute Children , Beveridge, William –, Barnet, fair Beveridge Report (), social insurance Barnett, Henrietta , –, Barnett, Canon Samuel, , Bevin, Ernest, Minister of Labour Barnsley Bexley, housing development population, marriage and fertility , , Bibby, millers , Bible classes Barrow-in-Furness , , , , bicycle manufacture , population, marriage and fertility , bicycles , , , Barry , , cycling clubs , Barry Island, resort Bilsland, Sir William, Glasgow Barstow, Stan, A Kind of Loving Bilston Bath xx, , , Birkenhead , , church attendance , industry , middle class , , middle class occupations , population , , population, marriage and fertility Birmingham , , , , baths, swimming airport Baths and Washhouses Act Bull Ring Centre Baudelaire, Charles – culture , ; art gallery , ; Music Baxter, R. D., middle-class subdivisions Festival () , ; night life ; bazaars , , Symphony Orchestra ; theatres ; penny Vauxhall music hall Bazalgette, Joseph economy , –, ; holidays , Embankment ; occupational structure , , , London sewers , ; small workshops , , Beaumaris , expansion , , ; industrial estates Beccles , , ; suburban , , Becontree fairs proscribed council housing estate , , governance , , ; council, political industrial estate , control , , , ; social Bedford , composition , , , municipal Bedford, duke of – culture , , , , ; trading Bedwellty, mining revenues , , ; see also Beecham pharmaceutical company infrastructure (below) © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-41707-5 - The Cambridge Urban History of Britain: Volume III: 1840–1950 Edited by Martin Daunton Index More information Index Birmingham (cont.) abolished () , , , industry , ; Austin motors , ; concern about finances diversity –, ; outward industrial cooperation with charities , –, migration , , , ; small firms – , , –, medical relief infrastructure: by-laws on pollution ; middle-class roles on capital investments , , , ; Poplar , sewage disposal ; slum clearance ; West Ham telephone connections Boer War , , , institutional structure , Bohemians middle class , , ; leisure –; Bolton , , wealth , ; see also suburban Mass-Observation study of ‘Worktown’ expansion (below) –, Moseley Millstone Inn population , , , ; age structure poor relief, guilds of help , ; life expectancy ; marriage population ; age structure ; life and fertility ; mortality rates , ; expectancy ; marriage and fertility place of death , ; mortality rates – recreation ; leisure pursuits , –; recreation , public parks , urban elite religious observance , ; wealth nonconformist , , , books Saltley cheap social services , ; poor relief , illustrated suburban expansion , , ; Boot, Jesse, Nottingham Handsworth ; Harborne –; see also Booth, Charles , , , –, Edgbaston on growth of large cities – urban elite , , – Life and Labour of the People of London Birmingham Daily Post on mission halls Birmingham Political Union , poverty maps of London , –, , birth rate see fertility rates , , Blaby on public houses Black Country –, , Booth, William, Salvationist recreation , Bootle, population , , , urban elites , – Boots the chemists , Blackburn , , borough councillors infirmary changing social status of – middle class , civic pride among population, marriage and fertility political allegiances – recreation , , ; football teams , and public participation in planning , , textile industry , borough extension –, Blackheath, fair and regionalism – Blackpool , , , Borough Funds Act () , entertainments , , ; Pleasure boroughs, municipal Beach status of – population, marriage and fertility , subordinate to counties – trading profits see also county boroughs; local authorities Blaenau Ffestiniog Boscawen Report (), on transport Blaenavon , Boston, Massachusetts, trams – Blair, A., and elected mayor of London Botanical Gardens Board of Supervision (Scotland) Bott, Elizabeth, urban anthropology Board of Trade Bottle shipping offices , boundaries