io tic B dive a rs qu i ty L A i & v e E r p c o o o s l , U y K s . t 3 e 0 t m h A s u g us 5 t - 01 4t r 2 h Septembe Compiled and edited by Hanna Schuster CONTENTS Contents 1 Welcome 1 2 Organising Committee 3 3 Supporters and Sponsors 4 4 Programme Overview 5 5 Plenary Speakers 7 Welcomeplenaries: aregionalperspective . 9 SteveHawkins .......................... 9 Brian Moss . 11 Biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and stability . 13 Emma Johnston . 13 KevinMcCann .......................... 14 Brian Silliman . 15 Responses to environmental change . 16 David Dudgeon . 16 Brian Helmuth . 18 Evolutionary biology . 20 ChristineMaggs ......................... 20 George Turner . 22 Lynn van Herwerden . 23 Conservation,managementandpolicy . 24 David Lodge . 24 Jake Rice . 26 6 Oral contributions 29 GlobalEnvironmentalChange. 31 Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning and Services . 81 Conservation, Management and Policy . 127 DispersalandConnectivity . 175 FoodWebsandTrophicDynamics . 199 Evolutionary Biology . 215 Fisheries and Aquaculture . 231 7 Poster contributions 247 1 1 Welcome Welcome to the Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystems Conference! We are delighted that you could join us in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Liverpool for what is sure to be a fantastic meeting, showcasing the best aquatic science from around the globe. As a one-off meeting with we are very proud to have attracted nearly 300 delegates from 114 institutes in 30 countries. We feel that we have a balanced programme with representation across a range of freshwater, transitional and marine habitats from industry, students, early career and established scientists. We are also very proud to say that we have excellent gender balance with almost 50% female delegates. The overarching theme of this conference is "evolution, interactions and global change in aquatic ecosystems", with the following themes: • Evolutionary Biology • Dispersal and Connectivity • Food Webs and Trophic Dynamics • Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning Services • Global Environmental Change • Fisheries and Aquaculture • Conservation, Management and Policy Inside this booklet you will find all of the necessary information required to navi- gate around the conference throughout the week. There are too many restaurants to even begin to try to advise you where to eat, but rest assured that there is plenty of choice to suit every palate. Please also see the Liverpool Pub Guide for suggestions of places to visit on the "Cultural Walk: the Imbibing Emporiums of Liverpool". We have specifically selected some cracking pubs that touch on some of the historic and cultural aspects of the city. We hope that you enjoy the walk and get an appreciation for this fantastic city. Please feel free to come and chat to any of the organising committee if you need information on anything throughout the week. Louise Firth on behalf of the Organising Committee Hanna Schuster, Katrin Bohn, Ian Donohue, Chris Frid, Martin Genner, Iwan Jones, Tony Knights, Nessa O’Connor, Leonie Robinson, Gray Williams and Steve Hawkins 2 1 WELCOME Welcome to Liverpool and the Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystems Conference 2015. We hope you enjoy the city and the conference. The University of Liverpool has a long tradition in both marine and freshwater science that continues strongly to this day. The first Oceanography Department in the UK was opened in 1919 supported by strong endowment from Sir William Herdman FRS. Herdman who was Professor of Zoology at the University College Liverpool was also a leading light in the Liverpool Marine Biology Committee which ran a laboratory on PuffinIslandoff Anglesey and then founded a Marine Biological Station on the Isle of Man in 1892. This was subsequently transferred to the University in 1919 on formation of the Oceanography Department. The laboratory became the first department in the United Kingdom offering single Honours degrees in Marine Biology. Sadly the Port Erin Marine Laboratory closed in 2006, but Marine Biology has successfully transferred to the main campus in the School of Environment, benefitting much from its co-location with the oceanog- raphers. The National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool (formerly the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory) has a long history going back to the Liverpool Obser- vatory and Tidal Institute focussing on tidal predictions, sea level measurements and modelling nearshore and shelf shore oceanography and sediment dynamics. Equally strong is the history of work on algae and aquatic plants in both marine and freshwater systems in the former Botany Department. In Zoology, Noel Hynes pioneered the use of biological indicators of water quality and much else in the 1950s and 1960s. There was ground breaking work on freshwater fish by Jack Jones and colleagues. Brian Moss has continued the tradition with work on still waters in recent years. Thus Liverpool is a fitting venue for a meeting deliberately setting out to link ma- rine and freshwater ecology. Several of the organising committee have links with Liverpool - directly or indirectly. My personal links stretch back to 1973 when as a17yearoldIcametoLiverpooltostudy(wellsomeofthetime)marinebiology - but also did much freshwater biology in the first two years. Thus on behalf of the organising committee - welcome to the Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystems Conference 2015. The meeting partially follows up on the Plant-Animal Interactions conference that was run 25 years ago. It is deliberately broader in scope - hopefully integrating concepts and practice across freshwater and marine ecology. Just as important, it is an opportunity to sample what the city has to offer - some of it in Imperial rather than SI units. Steve Hawkins 3 2 Organising Committee Conference Chair: Dr Louise Firth School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Science, Plymouth University, UK Scientific Committee: Prof Steve Hawkins Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton, UK Dr Hanna Schuster Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton, UK Dr Katrin Bohn Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton, UK Dr Ian Donohue School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Prof Chris Frid School of Environment, Griffith University, Australia Dr Martin Genner School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, UK Dr Iwan Jones School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University London, UK Dr Antony Knights School of Marine Science & Engineering, Plymouth University, UK Dr Nesssa O’Connor School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, UK Dr Leonie Robinson School of Environmental Sciences, Liverpool University, UK Prof Gray Williams Swire Institute of Marine Science, University of Hong Kong, PR China 4 3 SUPPORTERS AND SPONSORS 3 Supporters and Sponsors Vice-Chancellor Office ! 4 Programme Overview MONDAY' TUESDAY' WEDNESDAY' THURSDAY' FRIDAY' Morning' Theatre'A:'Welcome'' Theatre'A:'Housekeeping'' Theatre'A:'Housekeeping' Theatre'A:'Housekeeping' ' Theatre'A:'Housekeeping' Theatre'A:'Plenary' Theatre'A:'Plenary' Theatre'A:'Plenary' ' Theatre'A:'Plenary'' Parallel'sessions' Parallel'sessions' Parallel'sessions' Parallel'sessions' A' B' C' D' A' B' C' D' A' B' C' D' A' B' C' D' Global'Environmental'Change Global'Environmental'Change Global'Environmental'Change Global'Environmental'Change Conservation,'Management' Conserva Conservation,'Management' Conservation,'Management' Dispersal'and'Connectivity Dispersal'and'Connectivity Parallel'sessions' Fisheries'and'Aquaculture Functioning'and'Services Functioning'and'Services Functioning'and' Biodiversity,'Ecosystem' Biodiversity,'Ecosystem' Biodiversity,'Ecosystem' Evolutionary'Biology A' B' C' D' and'Policy and'Policy and'Policy and'Policy tion,'Management' Food'Webs'and'Trophic' Global'Environmental' ' Dispersal'and' Fishe Connectivity Aquaculture Dynamics Services Change ' ' ' ' r ies'and' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Theatre'A:'Short'Plenaries' Theatre'A:'Plenary' Theatre'A:'Plenary' Theatre'A:'Plenary' ' End'of'Conference' Lunch' Afternoon' Parallel'sessions' Theatre'A:'Plenary' Theatre'A:'Plenary' Workshops' Workshops' A' B' C' D' B' D' B' D' Conservation,'Management'and'Policy Biodiversity,'Ecosystem'Functioning' N Parallel'sessions' Parallel'sessions' Interactions'in'the'marine'benthos: ' ' a'regional'and'habitat'perspective Freshwater'biodiversity'loss:'how'do'we' Interactions'in'the'marine'benthos:'' a ' A' B' C' D' A' B' C' D' regional'and'habitat'perspective Evolutionary'Biology tackle'it? Global'Environmental'Change Conservation,' Functioning'and'Services Food'Webs'and'Trophic' Biodiversity,'Ecosystem' Functioning'and'Services and'Services Biodiversity,'Ecosystem' Global'Environmental' ' Dynamics (FBA'workshop) and'Policy Change ' Management' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Theatre'A:'Plenary'' Theatre'A:'Plenary' Theatre'A:'Plenary' End'of'Workshops' 5 Cultural'Walk:'The'imbibing' Poster'Session' Free'Evening' Conference'Dinner' emporiums'of'Liverpool' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7 5 Plenary Speakers 9 Welcome plenaries: a regional perspective STEVE HAWKINS Steve Hawkins started research on rocky shores at the University of Liverpool in 1975, inspired by a field-course project supervised by George Russell on limpet-seaweed interactions. His final year project and PhD (both with Richard Hartnoll at Port Erin) explored distribution pat- terns on rocky shores, using field experiments on interac- tions between species to explore patchiness and zonation. A NERC personal post-doc fellowship at the Marine Bio- logical Association (MBA), Plymouth with Alan Southward