DESIGN FOR PRODUCTION AND OPERATION FOR TRADITIONAL FISHING BOAT BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM (Case Study: Gresik & Banyuwangi) Supomo H.1, Baihaqi I.1, Zubaydi A.1, Wuruk Pribadi T.1, Imam Wahidi S.1 1 Naval Architecture Department, Faculty of Marine Technology Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 60111, Indonesia *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries program on the grant of 3500 fishing boats which began in 2016 still faces many obstacles. Most of the groups of fishermen who were given of fishing ship grants refuse to operate. One of the main causes of this rejection is the mismatch of the grant fishing vessels with local wisdom. This constraint must be given a solution so that the government budget for the increase of fishing fleet is not redundant. One solution to this problem is to do a design optimization method so that obtained DFPO (Design for Production and Operation). The fishing boat grant comprises almost 70% of the size under 5GT, thus this research takes the object of a fishing boat with a capacity of about 2GT. From the optimization results of ship design size of 1.5GT, for the Banyuwangi region obtained the size of fishing boats (Lpp: 11m, B:1.9m, T:0.35, H: 0.75, Cb:0.435) and for the area of Gresik (Lpp: 10m, B:1.8m, T:0.35, H: 0.8, Cb:0.535). Through socialization and education, it can be concluded that fisherman communities in Banyuwangi and Gresik accept the optimization result of design. Besides that, the local wisdom about the shape of the ship above water line (especially the stem and stern) and some accessories must be in accordance with the local culture. Keywords: Optimization design, Design for Production and Operation (DFPO), local wisdom, fishing boat INTRODUCTION In general, the number of fishing boats in Indonesia has decreased slightly. This decrease is caused by factors such as the availability of solid wood as a material for shipbuilding. It can be globally noticed on the fact that by 2014, the number of fishing vessels decreased by 2.2%. In addition, the number of fishing vessels <5GT increased on average by 1.02% from 2010 to 2014. This is due to the government's program through KKP to provide fish ship grant (INKAMINA). Based on the propulsion system, the number of motor fishing boats increased by an average of 8.06% per annum (199,000 fishing vessels). Overall, this amount is attributable to the existence of a fishing vessel granted by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries). [Supomo, 2013; KKP, 2015] To obtain an accurate data on the growth of number of fishing vessels in East Java, it is necessary to record the number of Joint Business Groups (JBG) that are legally acceptable. The number of JBG in 2014 in East Java province is 254. Based on the number of JBG illustrates that East Java Province has a considerable role on the catch of fish. The average production of catch fish in East Java reaches a range of 500,000 tons per year, equivalent to 8.7% of Indonesian fish catches. [Purwaningsih, 2011] II - 166 Within the government's program through the fishing vessel grant of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, fish catching production in Indonesia in general and specifically in East Java will increase significantly. Fishing boats in East Java are mostly made of wood. However, with the increasing scarcity of timber resources, some fishing ships are turning to Fiber Glass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) materials. FRP fishing boat is actually still less attractive by the fishermen, but it must be implemented [Supomo, 2016] Some government programs for fishing vessels, also use FRP as the main construction material of fishing boats. The main objective is to increase the fleet of fishing boats so that fish catches increase and the life of the fishermen is more prosperous. Thus the distribution of this grant program must reach all over Indonesia. In the implementation of the fishing vessel grant program, many obstacles are faced in reality. Most of the grant ships from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries were rejected by fishermen and left on the beach. The reason for the rejection is because of the shape, size, accessories, materials, ships that are incompatible with local wisdom. [Supomo, 2015] One example of local wisdom in East Java, there are differences in shape between the southern waters area with the northern island of Java. The shape of fish boats in the north of Java island typically is more plump, while in the southern region is slightly less slender. This is one of the elements of local wisdom that is sustainably preserved by local fishermen. Moreover, there are still other local wisdom that must remain fulfilled in building a new ship. [ FAO, 2007)] Based on this fact, design optimization needs to be done to accommodate simultaneously between the principles of Naval Architecture and local wisdom. Local wisdom means a component that should only be changed with little tolerance so it is still accepted by the local fishing community. [McGrail, 2004] EXISTING DATA OF FISHING BOAT Several vessels with a capacity of <3 GT in Gresik waters (northern sea) and Banyuwangi (southern sea), were surveyed and measured. From the size obtained then drawn as a body plan and identified some aspects of local wisdom that must be maintained. [Smylie, 2009] 1. Banyuwangi The capacity of fish vessels with large population in Banyuwangi area is <3 GT, so in this paper the samples of 1.5GT fish boat are taken. This fish ship has displacement 3.18 m3 and boat shape in Banyuwangi area tend to be slimmer. The main size of many fishing vessels in Banyuwangi is (Lpp = 11.43m; B = 1.6m; T = 0.4m; H = 0.7m). However, the slenderness of the Banyuwangi fishing boat (L/Δ1/3 = 7.77) is designed to anticipate the wave conditions that occur. However, the parametric should be analyzed to obtain the size of a fishing boat that is convenient for the operator. II - 167 Figure 1. Body Plan of fishing boats in Banyuwangi Local wisdom that is maintained by the fishermen community in Banyuwangi include: Displacement (for payload of fixed fishing boats), Length of ship (Lpp is one of the cultural level factors), Cb (to anticipate deep sea waves), paint colors that tend to be conspicuous, the accessories are so numerous that the fishing boats seem to be assertive from a distance. 2. Gresik Figure 2. Body Plan fish ship in Gresik To compare between the fishing vessels studied, Gresik is also looking for samples with similar capacity <3GB with displacement of 3.37 m3. Fishing boats in Gresik waters tend to be fatter. The main fishing boat size is Lpp = 9.36m; B = 2.02m; T = 0.33m; H = 0.65m. The slenderness of fishing boats in Gresik waters is (L/Δ1/3 = 6.24). This fact according to some fishermen is to maintain stability when fishing boats operate. However, the parametric size of the vessel should be analyzed in order to obtain a near-naval architecture comparison. The local wisdom that the fishermen community maintains in Gresik encompasses several aspects such as the width of the ship (Bmld). In addition, displacement is also a quantity of fish vessels that must be maintained. Another element of local wisdom that needs to be compromised with fishermen between is the slenderness that tends to be fat (Cb: 0.535). while other factors have less significant effect. II - 168 DESIGN METHOD 1. Desain for Production and Operation (DFPO) The DFPO is a design that in the process involves designers, manufacturers and ship operators / owners. The main purpose of this method is to obtain a ship design that can be accepted by the operator and even the ship owner. So by applying this method, the fishing vessel grants program of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries can be accepted and operated by fishermen. The design procedure used is with Optimized Parametric Design. This design method is done by making power optimization and displacement so as to obtain the main size of the ship that is closer to the form of local wisdom. [Supomo, 2016]. The parametric design for fishing vessel is based on the provisions that have been studied in various research institutions. The reference parameter of the main size of the fishing boat is based on [Papanikolaou, 2014]. Some of the main sizes ratio parameter approaches include: Cb (0.43-0.56); L/B (5.1-6.1); B/T (2.3-2.6); L/H (8.2-9.0); L/Δ1/3 (5.0-5.4). 2. Optimization Parametric Design Output BANYUWANGI a. Body Plan and Main Dimension Rasios Figure 3. Optimized body Plan fish ship in Banyuwangi Table 1. Hull form Coefficient and Main Dimension ratios L B T H Cb L/B B/T L/H Δ L/Δ1/3 (m) (m) (m) (m) (m3) Data Ori ginal 11.432 1.59 0.40 0.70 0.436 7.167 3.988 16.331 3.180 7.774 Optimized 11 1.9 0.35 0.75 0.435 5.789 5.429 14.667 3.182 7.479 According to Figure 3 and Table 1, the parametric optimization results of the fishing boat design in Banyuwangi area can be concluded that there are not many changes such as Cb (0.436 to 0.435). In addition, the unchanged magnitude is displacement (3,180 m3 to 3,182 m3). While other design parameters change (L, B, T, H, L/B, B/T, L/H, L/Δ1/3).