Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 47229-001 May 2015 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Submitted by Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (Roads & Bridges), Government of Uttarakhand, Dehardun This report has been submitted to ADB by the Program Implementation Unit, Uttarkhand Emergency Assistance Project (R&B), Government of Uttarakhand, Dehradun and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. This Initial Environment Examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination April 2015 India: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Restoration/rehabilitation Work of a) Marchula-Saraikhet-Baijro-Pokhra- Satpuli-Pauri Motor Road (SH-32) (UEAP/ PWD/C- 70) in Pauri/Almora District of Uttarakhand b) Thailisain-Bungidhar-Deghat Motor Road (UEAP/PWD/C-72) in Pauri District of Uttarakhand Prepared by State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Uttarakhand. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 2 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ASI - Archaeological Survey of India BOQ - Bill of Quantity CTE - Consent to Establish CTO - Consent to Operate DFO - Divisional Forest Officer DSC - Design and Supervision Consultancy DOT - Department of Tourism CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board EA - Executing Agency EAC - Expert Appraisal Committee EARF - Environment Assessment and Review Framework EC - Environmental Clearance EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP - Environment Management and Monitoring Plan EMP - Environment Management Plan GMVN - Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam GoI - Government of India GRM - Grievance Redressal Mechanism IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IST - Indian Standard Time KMVN - Kumaun Mandal Vikas Nigam LPG - Liquid Petroleum Gas MDR - Major District Road MoEFCC - Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards NDBR - Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve NDNP - Nanda Devi National Park NH - National Highway ODR - Other District Road OM - Operations Manual PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit PWD - Public Works Department REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment RSPM - Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter SDMA - State Disaster Management Authority SH - State Highway SPCB - State Pollution Control Board SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement SRTC - State Road Transport Corporation UCADA - Uttarakhand Civil Aviation Development Authority UEAP - Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project UEPPCB - Uttarakhand Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board UJS - Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan VR - Village Road WEIGHTS AND MEASURES cm - centimeter Crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 Lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 Km – Kilometer Kmph - Kilometer per hour Lpd – liters per day M – Meter mg/l – milligrams per liter Mm – Millimeter MSL - Mean sea level - Microgram =10-6 meter g/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter S/cm - micro Siemens per centimeter NTU - Nephalometric turbidity unit ppm – parts per million 4 Table of Contents Executive Summary 7-11 I. Introduction Project Background/Rationale 12 Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP) 12 Purpose of the Environmental Assessment 13 Extent of IEE 13 IEE Content 13 Methodology for Environmental Assessment 13 Public Consultation 13 II. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 14-16 III. Description of the Project Project Location 17 Proposed Category of the Project 21 Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities 22 Project Implementation Schedule 22 IV. Description of the Environment Physical Environment 23 (i) Geography 23 (ii) Geology 24 (iii) Physiography 25 Pedology 27 Climate and Meteorology 28 (iv) Rainfall 29 (v) Temperature 30 (vi) Humidity 31 Air and Noise Quality 31 (vii) Air Quality 31 (viii) Noise Quality 31 Hydrology 32 (ix) Water Drainage 33 (x) Water Quality 33 Mineral Resources 34 Seismology 34 Ecology 35 (1) Forestry 35 (2) Biodiversity 35 (3) Biosphere Reserve 36 (4) Fishery 41 Socio-Economic (1) Social and Cultural Development 43 (2) Land Use Pattern 43 Health 44 Literacy 45 Cultural and Archaeoligical Resources 46 Economic Development (1) Transportation and Communication 46 (2) Industrial Development 47 (3) Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery 48 Fisheries 50 Energey and Electric Power Potential 50 Aesthetic and Tourism 52 5 V. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Impact and mitigation measure during planning and design phase 52 Impacts during Construction Phase 52 VI. Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation Public participation during the preparation of the IEE 58 Public consultation 58 Future consultation and Disclosure 60 Consultation during Detailed Design 60 Consultation during Construction 60 VII. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism Environmental Management Plan 62 Institutional Arrangement 62 (i) UEAP, SDMA (PMU) 63 (ii) UEAP, IA FPIU 63 (iii) The Engineer (DSC) 64 (iv) Environmental Expert of Engineer (DSC) 64 (v) The Contractor 64 Environmental Monitoring programme 97 Performance Indicators 97 Environmental Budget 100 Grievance and redress mechanism 102 VIII. Conclusion and Recommendation 103 LIST OF TABLES Table II-1: Applicable Environmental National and State Requirements for UEAP 13 Table III-1. Distribution of Road Sections to be upgraded under UEAP 22 Table IV.1 The Soil types of district Pauri 27 Table IV-2. Availability of Important Minerals (million tonnes) 34 Table IV-3. District-wise Forest Cover, Uttarakhand 36 Table IV-4 Predominant Top-Canopy (Tree) Species According to Altitude 38 Table IV-5 Wildlife in Uttarakhand 38 Table IV-6 National Parks in Uttarakhand 39 Table IV-7 Wildlife Sanctuaries in Uttarakhand 39 Table IV-8 List of Major Flora 40 Table IV-9 List of Major Fauna 41 Table IV-10 Land Utilisation in Uttarakhand 44 Table IV-11 Health Indicators of Uttarakhand 44 Table IV-12 Health Infrastructure of Uttarakhand 45 Table IV-13 Transportation of Uttarakhand State. 47 Table IV-14 Industrial development of Uttarakhand State 47 Table IV-15 Area under Principal Crops and Productivity in Uttarakhand 48 Table IV-16 Ecological Sub-Regions and Altitude-wise Major Agriculture Crops 49 Table IV-17 Mode of Irrigation and Drainage System in Uttarakhand 50 Table VII-1. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 66 Table VII-2. Performance Indicators of EMMP 97 Table VII-3. Environmental monitoring for Air, Water, Noise and Soil 99 Table VII-4 Environmental Budget for Marchula-Saraikhet-Baijro-Pokhra Satpuli-Pauri 100 Motor Road Table VII-5 Environmental Budget for Thalisain-Bungidhar-Deghat Motor Road 101 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure III-1 Typical Cross-section 22 Figure IV-1 Districts of Uttarakhand 24 Figure IV-2 Geological Map of Uttrakhand 25 Figure IV-3 Phyisiographical Map of Uttrakhand 26 Figure IV-4 Paedological Map of Uttrakhand 27 Figure IV-5 Seasonal Rainfall Pattern in Uttrakhand 30 Figure IV-6 Temprature in Uttrakhand 31 Figure IV-7 Seismic Zone of India & Uttarakhand 35 Figure IV-8 Forest Cover by State of Forest Report, 2013 (FSI, 2013) 36 Figure IV-9 Uttarakhand’s Forest Cover Map 36 Figure IV-10 Forest type groups of Uttarakhand 37 Figure IV-11 Major Urban Centre of Uttarakhand 43 LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX - 1 : Rapid Environment Assessment 104 APPENDIX - 2 : Public Consultation Record 112 APPENDIX – 3 : Public Consultation and Site Photographs 114 APPENDIX – 4 : Disposal Site Management 117 APPENDIX – 5 : Environmental Standards 120 APPENDIX – 6 : Soil Interceptors 125 APPENDIX – 7 : Typical Bitumen Disposal Pit 127 APPENDIX – 8 : Workers Safety In Common Operation and During Constru Ctions 127 APPENDIX – 9 : Tree Plantation Strategy 136 APPENDIX – 10 : Enhancement Measures 140 APPENDIX – 11 : Guidelines for the Management of Road Section through Forest Areas 141 APPENDIX – 12 : Arrangement for Traffic During Construction 143 APPENDIX – 13 : General Guidelines for Contractor’s Construction Water Management Plan 148 APPENDIX – 14 : Environment Friendly Construction Methodology 149 APPENDIX – 15 : Borrow Areas Management 153 APPENDIX – 16 : Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control 156 APPENDIX – 17 : Locating Quarries, Rehabilitating Quarries and Guidelines for Stone 158 Crushers APPENDIX – 18 : Storage, Handling use and Emergency Responses for Hazardous Chemical 161 APPENDIX – 19 : Selection and Management of Construction Camp 164 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The State Disaster Management