ACTA BIBLIOTHECAE R. UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS VOL. XLVIII OPIA 57 WULFILA 311–2011 International Symposium Uppsala University June 15–18, 2011 Edited by Anders Kaliff and Lars Munkhammar Editorial board: Anders Kaliff, Lars Munkhammar, Ulrika Centerwall The Symposium Wulfila 311–2011 and the publishing of this volume was made possible thanks to financial support from the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and The Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities. © The Authors 2013 Graphic design: Graphic Services, Uppsala University Library. Typeface: Garamond Printed in Sweden by Edita Västra Aros, Västerås 2013. Distribution: Uppsala universitetsbibliotek, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala www.ub.uu.se, [email protected] ISBN 978-91-554-8664-8 ISSN 0346-7465 ISSN 1100-6358 Contents Anders Kaliff & Lars Munkhammar Preface by the Editors ........................................................................................................9 Ulf Göranson A Word of Welcome by the Library Director ............................................................. 15 Kerstin Sahlin Welcome by the Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Uppsala University ............................ 17 Irina Bokova Address by the Director-General of UNESCO on the occasion of the inauguration of the Silver Bible on the Memory of the World Register ................. 21 Herwig Wolfram Vulfila pontifex ipseque primas Gothorum minorum ............................................... 25 Tore Nyberg Eusebius’ Tricennial Oration and Wulfila’s Christian Creed ..................................... 33 Jan Paul Strid Retracing the Goths ......................................................................................................... 41 Juan-Miguel Ferrer Grenesche Elements of ‘Gothic’ culture surviving in the Spanish Mozarabic Liturgy ............ 55 Andrzej Kokowski The Goths in ca. 311 AD .............................................................................................. 71 Svante Fischer Literacy and Text Production in the Age of Germanic Kleptocracy – The Elusive Case of Theoderic .................................................................................. 97 Magnús Snædal Gothic naiswor ................................................................................................................. 115 Rossen Milev Wulfila’s Cultural Heritage in Bulgaria and the Eastern Orthodox Tradition ...... 125 Svetlana Lazarova The Gothic Alphabet of Bishop Wulfila and the Cyrillic Alphabet Culture ........ 137 Carla Falluomini The Gothic Gospel of John and its text-critical character ...................................... 145 Antoaneta Granberg Establishing New Alphabets (300–900 AD) and the relation between the structure of an alphabet and the shape of its letters ............................................................................................ 165 Hans Frede Nielsen The Gothic Language of Bishop Wulfila – Phonology, Typology and Purported Linguistic Purity ........................................ 179 Ingmar Söhrman Wulfila, Arianism and the Gothic Language in Visigothic Spain ........................... 197 Ingemar Nordgren Goths and Religion ........................................................................................................ 209 Gamla Uppsala and Skokloster .......................................................................................... 225 Wulfila 311– 2011 Uppsala, Sweden, June 15–18 Wednesday June 15 19.00 Welcome reception for early arrivers Thursday June 16 08.30–09.30 REGISTRATION Venue: University Main Building 10.00–11.30 OPENING OF THE SYMPOSIUM by Dr. Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO Venue: Carolina Rediviva, the University Library Venue for the remaining day: University Main Building 12.00–12.30 Prof. Herwig Wolfram »Ulfila pontifex et primas Gothorum minorum« (Iordanes, Getica 267) 12.30–13.00 Prof. Tore Nyberg Euseb’s Tricennial Oration and Wulfila’s Christian Faith 13.00–14.30 LUNCH 14.30–15.00 Prof. Jan Paul Strid Retracing the Goths 15.00–15.30 Monsignore J.M. Ferrer Grenesche The living traditions of the Hispano-Mozarabic liturgy and its Visigothic roots 15.30–16.00 COFFEE BREAK 16.00–16.30 Prof. Andrzej Kokowski The Goths in ca. 311 AD 16.30–17.00 Dr. Svante Fischer Literacy and text production in the age of Germanic klep- tocracy – The elusive case of Theoderic 19.00 DINNER Venue: Västgöta nation Friday June 17 Venue: University Main Building 09.30–10.00 Prof. Magnús Snædal Naiswor 10.00–10.30 Dr. Rossen Milev Wulfila’s Cultural Heritage in Bulgaria and the Eastern Ort- hodox Tradition 10.30–11.00 Mrs. Svetlana Lazarova The Gothic Alphabet of Bishop Wulfila and the Cyrillic Alphabet Culture 11.00–11.45 COFFEE BREAK 11.45–12.15 Prof. Carla Falluomini The Gothic version of the New Testament – Text-critical remarks 12.15–12.45 Prof. Antoaneta Granberg Establishing New Alphabets (300–900 AD) 12.45–13.00 SHORT BREAK 13.00–13.30 Prof. Hans Frede Nielsen The Gothic language of Bishop Wulfila – Phonology, typology and purported linguistic purity 13.30–14.00 Prof. Ingmar Söhrman Wulfila, Arianism and the Gothic language in Visigothic Spain 14.00–14.20 CONCLUDING DISCUSSION 14.20 LUNCHEON 17.30–20.30 VISIT TO GAMLA UPPSALA MUSEUM AND MOZARABIC MASS IN GAMLA UPPSALA CHURCH Saturday June 18 11.00–16.30 EXCURSION TO SKOKLOSTER CASTLE Anders Kaliff & Lars Munkhammar Preface by the Editors As early as 1970, Associate Professor Ulf Erik Hagberg, later Director of the Swedish Historical Museum in Stockholm, gathered scholars from different European countries to a multidisciplinary conference on the Goths and their history. The conference was arranged in connection with a Romanian exhi- bition called Goldschätze aus den Karpaten with the Swedish title Gyllene forntid (‘Golden Past’). It was on display in Stockholm and Gothenburg and attracted 40,000 people. The Swedish King was one of the most interested visitors. It came up for discussion some years ago that there should be a 40th anniver- sary – a revival – of Ulf Erik Hagberg’s conference. After some further discus- sion it was observed that in 2011 it would be 1,700 years since Bishop Wulfila was born according to tradition. Wulfila is often called ‘The Apostle of the Goths’, not least for his Gothic Bible translation, and the probable creator of the Gothic alphabet. And would this not also be a suitable reason for a jubilee? So 2011 was proclaimed the Wulfila Year in different places in Europe, first un- officially, but later on officially in Sofia, Bulgaria, a country that includes the old province Moesia where Wulfila once lived and worked, and in Uppsala, where the world famous Codex Argenteus, the ‘Silver Bible’, the most important physi- cal remnant of Bishop Wulfila’s work, has been kept since the 17th century. In Sofia there was an international symposium on the Goths in April, and a jubilee volume of the series Gotite was published and dedicated to Wulfila. In Uppsala the University opened the exhibition Wulfila and the Gothic Bible in the University Library on May 25 and arranged the international symposium Wulfila 311–2011 on June 15–18. And as a lucky coincidence the Codex Argenteus was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Memory List in May 2011. When Dr. Irina Bokova, Direc- tor of UNESCO, visited Uppsala on June 16, she could not only manifest the inscription of the Codex Argenteus on the World Memory List but also open the Wulfila symposium. The symposium Wulfila 311–2011 was a joint arrangement between the De- partment of Archaeology and Ancient History and Uppsala University Library. It was planned and realised in collaboration with the Academy Steward’s Office, where the practical, formal and ceremonial achievements of Dr. Per Ström, Acad- emy Steward, and Mrs. Gabriella Jönsson, Deputy Academy Steward, gave the 10 Wulfila 311 – 2011 symposium a logistically efficient basis and a wonderful aura of festivity and celebration. Looking back, it seems that the Wulfila jubilee in Sweden in 2011 had a three- fold raison d’être: the revival of Ulf Erik Hagberg’s ‘Gothic’ conference in 1970, the 1,700th anniversary of Bishop Wulfila’s birth, and exaltation of the Codex Argenteus to the Memory of the World sphere. But, of course, the main reason for the festivity was Wulfila. Without him there would have been no Silver Bi- ble in Uppsala and probably no conferences about the Goths. We would have known very little about the Gothic people at all and absolutely nothing about the Gothic language. So, Happy Birth Year, Wulfila! Thanks to Wulfila and hisGothi Minores (‘little Goths’, the group of Christian Goths in Moesia, whose bishop Wulfila was), we can draw on a whole different Preface by the Editors 11 The symposium had an aura of festivity and celebration. Photo: Lars Munkhammar picture of the Gothic than the violent and warlike image of Gothic history so often handed down to posterity. Piety, love of peace, culture and education are the hallmarks of this alternative representation. There are few sources of information about Wulfila. Auxentius of Duro- storum, Philostorgius of Cappadocia, Socrates of Constantinople, or Socrates Scholasticus, Sozomen, Theodoret, Jordanes, Isidore of Seville, or Isidorus Hispalensis are some of the witnesses and historiographers mentioning Wulfila. They have different points of view, but generally Wulfila is looked upon as the translator of the Bible into Gothic and the creator of the Gothic alphabet. By some of them he is also looked upon as a heretic: an Arian or at least a semi-