The Phases of the French Revolution & Napoleon Short (Immediate) Term Causes: Long Term Causes: Financial Mismanagement Debt Bread shortages/famine Enlightenment/American Rev Poor leadership/inept king Inequality of the Estates/Estates General 1. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 2. LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 3. NATIONAL CONVENTION 4. THE DIRECTORY 1789-1791 1791-1792 1792-1795 1795-1799 “Age of Montesquieu” “Age of Rousseau” Constitution of 1795 Tennis Court Oath (B) Constitution of 1791 “radical phase” Republic but very Bastille (P) Constitutional “Equality, liberty, weak & ineffective Jacques Necker fired Monarchy fraternity” Hold elections = “Declaration of Rights Jacobins vs. Girondins Committee of Public people want of Man & Citizen” (B) Sans-Coulettes Safety restoration of Great Fear of 1789 (P) Declaration of Pilnitz Reign of Terror (1793- monarchy but Bread Riot/March to Brunswick Manifesto 94) directory won’t Versailles War of 1st Coalition “National Razor” = allow King forced to return Paris Commune guillotine In need of a strong to Paris from King Louis XVI signs deChristianization leader Versailles away his powers Revolutionary calendar Coup d’Etat Constitution King/Queen try to flee Cult of the Supreme Napoleon invited to Civil Constitution of to Varennes Being head government the Clergy = 83 September Massacres Louis XVI executed departments Fighting vs. Charlotte Corday counterrevolutionaries stabbed Marat in his Marks beginning of 2nd tub revolution = republic Marie Antoinette executed Danton & others executed Girondins targeted Thermidorian Reaction Robespierre executed The Phases of the French Revolution & Napoleon CONSULATE PERIOD EMPIRE PERIOD CONGRESS OF VIENNA COALITION WARS 1799-1804 1804-1814 1814-1815 “Age of Voltaire” = War of 2nd Coalition: Napoleon crowns Return to Enlightened reform himself emperor conservative Europe 1st consul is Napoleon Creates French Empire Headed by “Enlightened Despot” Continental System Metternich (Austria) Concordat of 1801 = Napoleonic Wars Balance of Power religious tolerance 1st Treaty of Paris = Principle of Code Napoleon = Napoleon exiled to Legitimacy equality under law Elba Principle of “Careers open to War of 3rd Coalition: “100 Days” = Battle of Intervention talent” Waterloo Bank of France (BOF) 2nd Treaty of Paris = Educational Reform = Napoleon exiled to St. under the state Helena Police state War of 4th Coalition: Nepotism Results of Napoleon: liberalism throughout Europe; more revolutions to come due to liberal reforms .