PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Se�ie� B - No. 24 A CHECKLIST OF LANGUAGES AND PRESENT-DAY VILLAGES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH-EAST MAINLAND PAPUA by T.E. Dutton Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Dutton, T.E. A checklist of languages and present-day villages of central and south-east mainland Papua. B-24, iv + 84 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. DOI:10.15144/PL-B24.cover ©1973 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is published by the Lingui6tic Ci�cle 06 Canbe��a and consists of four series : SERIES A - OCCASIONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS . EDITOR: S.A. Wurm . ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock , C.L. Voorhoeve . ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to : The Secretary , PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics , School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, Box 4, P.O. , Canberra , A.C.T. 2600. Australia. Copyright � T.E. Dutton . First published 1973. The editors are indebted to the Australian Nati onal Universi�y for help in the production of this series . This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. National Library of Australia Card number and ISBN 0 85883 090 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0. INTRODUCTION 1 2.0. NAMES 2 2.1. Present- Day Village Names 2 2.2. Present-Day Language Names 2 2.21. NAN Languages 3 2.22. AN Languages 3 2.23. Language List with Population Figures 4 2.3. Earlier Published Names 6 3.0. PRESENTATION 6 4.0. ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED 8 5.0. THE CHECKLIST 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 77 MAP Sketch Map of Languages of Central and South-East Mainland : Papua iv iii NON-AUSTRONESIAN AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES LANGUAGE FAMILIES (LANGUAGES NUMBERED (LANGUAGES NUMBERED WITHIN CONSECUTIVELY AS PER FAMILIES AS PER SECTION SECTION 2231) 2 23 2) NEW GUINEA _ Binanderean Areas (I-VIII) " F.\i!<1 " -- Yereban o Uninhabited area " " � /1 " , //"/ Dagan " Maisi } n Unclassified " mill W·er " G Mailuan ... Doga Languages " PAPUA Language family Manubaran � --, •• • ()1 boundary, uncertain Koiarian ___ .... Language boundary, � , uncertain f, �;�I Goilalan Encloses Austronesian ----- Language areas mIHI Kwalean Cape a �50 -----------100 ----------- �I s �I go 9° ------ I \7 \ Port Moresby \ \ - \ II ,- "- " 3° "- ...... '- / -... / -... / .......- - --- / --- MAP: SKETCH MAP OF LANGUAGES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH-EAST MAINLAND PAPUA Dutton, T.E. A checklist of languages and present-day villages of central and south-east mainland Papua. B-24, iv + 84 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. DOI:10.15144/PL-B24.cover ©1973 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. A CHECKLIST OF LANGUAGES AND PRESENT-DAY VILLAGES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH-EAST MAINLAND PAPUA T.E . DUTTON 1. O. Introduction 2.0. Names 3.0. Presentation 4.0. Abbreviations and Symbols Used 5.0. The Checklis t 1.0. INTRODUCTION This list provides an alphabetized cross-referenced list of languages and present-day villages of the Central and Northern Districts l of papua together with those of neighbouring parts of the Milne Bay and Morob e Districts where languages, or parts of languages related to 2 those in the Central and Northern Districts are to be found - see map . It is a codified survey of the present state of linguistic knowledge of the mainland "tail" of Papua which it is hoped will prove useful 1 I shall assume throughout this paper that readers are familiar with the administrative situation in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. 2 In the Milne Bay District this includes the Baniara, Milne Bay and Samarai (except for Woodlark Island census division (22) ) Sub-Districts and in the Morob e District only the Morobe Coast (18 ) and the Lower Waria and Morobe South Coast (19 ) census divisions of the Lae Sub­ District. The area surveyed here adjoins and overlaps in some cases those areas surveyed by Hooley and McElhanon (1970 ) and Franklin (forthcoming) . 1 Dutton, T.E. A checklist of languages and present-day villages of central and south-east mainland Papua. B-24, iv + 84 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. DOI:10.15144/PL-B24.1 ©1973 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. 2 to research workers in Papua not only in itself but also as a l supplementary index to those currently availab le and as a guide to the grouping of the numerous alternative names that have appeared in earlier linguistic literature . Later it is planned to pub lish revised lists containing information not currently avai lab le together with names of old villages , tribes etc. not included here . NAMES 2.0. Three types are included : present-day village names, pres ent-day language names , and earlier published names. PRESENT-VAY VILLAGE NAMES 2.1. These are taken from the Department of District Administration's Villag e Vi�ecto�y (1968) although some of them do not refer to villages in the usual sense but rather to census points (where the inhabitants of several hamlets or villages in a neighbourhood are 2 counted ) or to settlements of plantation labourers or of farmers . In general no details are availab le of the linguistic composition of these latter "villages" and this has been stated wherever applicab le throughout this checklist. The practice has also been adopted of 3 conforming to the spellings in the Villag e Vi�ecto�y even though many 4 of them could be improved upon . This is felt to be necessary in the interests of consistency and to avoid the unnecessary proliferation of names which , unfortunately , is already all too common. It has the advantage also that later more complete listings can be developed from these spellings as desired . PRESENT-VA Y LANGUAGE NAMES 2.2. These are taken from my own and other recent studies of languages of Central and South-East mainland Papua. Seventy-three languages are referred to in this checklist, twenty-five of which are Austronesian 1 See bibliography under A� Eth�og�aphic Bibliog�aphy 06 New Gui�ea (1968), Reeves and Dudley (1969 ), and Ma� i� New Guinea. 2 For examp le, Poligolo, Arehe Settlement Block, East Ambogo Settlement Block etc . 3 Except that ' has been consistently used to represent glottal stop where spellings in the Villag e Vi�ecto�y fluctuate between that and hyphens . 4 For example, there is fluctuation between letters like and on the I r one hand and v and w on the other which represent the same sounds, an d some letters have obviously become transposed during various retranscriptions, e.g., Maranomu has become Maranoum . 3 (symboli zed AN); forty-six Non-Austronesian (symbolized NAN) , and tw o - Maisin and Doga - unc lassified (i.e. , have not yet been shown to belong to one or the other of the two genetic types just given) . One , Muluha, is now extinct . NON-AUSTRONES IAN LANGUAGES 2.21. These belong to eight families (indicated by words ending in -an, e.g. , Koiarian ) which occupy most of the mountainous interior of the tail of Papua . The numb er and definition of cons tituent languages of these families is now fairly complete except for the determination of some memb er languages of the Yareban and Binanderean Fami lies and some boundary details (in terms of present-day villages ) of Goilalan languages. A complete language list with availab le population figures is given in sub-section below . Note that Mawai (Wilson (1968: 2.23. 68» is treated as a dialect of ZIA and Guhu- Samane as a Binanderean language after Hooley and McElhanon (1970:1075-76). AUSTRONES IAN LANGUAGES 2.22. Th ese are to be found mainly around the coast from Cape Possession eastwards . They have been well known for a long time though they have never been surveyed in the same way that NAN languages have . Con­ sequent ly we do not yet have full details of their exact number , size , and internal composition . For the purposes of this paper therefore I have attempted to overcome this deficiency by classifying and defining them on the basis of earlier published accounts cross-checked against some lexicostatistical evidence from availab le short wordlists and against information kindly supplied to me by missionaries familiar with the linguistic situation in the Milne Bay area through Rev . Fr . K. Twomey , Catholi c Mission, Trobriand Island . The result is that in the Milne Bay area the number of distinct languages has been considerab ly reduced , so that what have formerly been regarded as individual languages are now regarded as dialects of single languages wh ich share up to around 60% basic vocabulary with each other . �hus the Suau language is here regarded as stretching from Gadaisu in Orangerie Bay in the west �o Simagai and Sauagauaga in the east and as cons isting of many dialects corres ponding to such previously suggested " languages " as Bonarua , Dahuni , Daiomoni , Daui , Mugula , Logea and Sariba. Simi larly Kehelala is seen here as consisting of the forme r " language s " Tavara , East Cape, Maiwara , Daruloia, and Basi laki (or Bohilai), and Wedau of Wedau proper , Taupota, Topura and Awalama . In the west, around Kairuku of the Central District , the situation has always been 4 much clearer . The only change which has been made is to group Bush l Mekeo and Kovio with Mekeo as dialects of Mekeo on the basis a of short word list collected in Kovio and Mekeo by Rev .